Chapter 16. Wireless LAN, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, and MANET Routing Protocols. Wireless Network Models. Illustration of an ad hoc network
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1 Chapter 16 Wireless LAN, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, and MANET Routing Protocols Associate Prof. Yuh-Shyan Chen Department of CSIE National Chung Cheng University Wireless Network Models With Infrastructure: Without Infrastructure (ad hoc networks): 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 2 Various Wireless Network Models Illustration of an ad hoc network 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 4 1
2 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNET) Bluetooth Scatternet 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 6 Wireless LAN and PAN Techniques Comparison between Protocols and Bluetooth 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 8 2
3 The Data Rate vs. Distance Outline of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Routing = Ants Searching for Food Introduction to Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols (Proactive vs. Reactive) Ad Hoc Networks 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 10 Problem Definition Design efficient routing protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc NETwork (MANET) Design Difficulty: Changeable Topology 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 11 Routing = Ants Searching for Food???????????????????????????????? 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 12 3
4 Example: 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 14 Three Main Issues in Ants Life Route Discovery: Searching for the places with food Packet Forwarding: Delivering foods back home Route Maintenance: When foods move to new place Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Infrastructureless mobile network No fixed routers, no base stations All nodes can move and be connected dynamically All nodes is treated as routers Application battlefield, disaster areas 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 16 4
5 Challenge of Ad Hoc NETs Overview of current approaches No centralized entity Host is no longer just an end system Acting as an intermediate system Changing network topology over time Every node can be mobile 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 18 Proactive vs. Reactive Routing Proactive Routing Protocol (Table-Driven) Continuously evaluate the routes Attempt to maintain consistent, up-to-date routing information When a route is needed, one may be ready immediately When the network topology changes The protocol responds by propagating updates throughout the network to maintain a consistent view Reactive Routing Protocol (On-Demand-Drien) Ex: DSR, AODV On-demand vs Table-driven Parameters On-demand Table-driven 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 20 5
6 Table-Driven Routing DSDV: Destination Sequence Distance Vector CGSR: Clustered Gateway Switch Routing DSDV Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Table-driven Based on the distributed Bellman-Ford routing algorithm Each node maintains a routing table Routing hops to each destination Sequence number 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 22 DSDV DSDV(cont.) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 24 6
7 DSDV(cont.) DSDV Problem A lot of control traffic in the network Solution two types of route update packets Full dump All available routing information Incremental Only information changed since the last full dump 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 26 On-Demand Routing DSR(Dynamic Source Routing) AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) TORA(Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) MER-TORA (micromobility protocol) IP Mobility Support handover solutions LAR(Location-Aware Routing) ZRP(Zone Routing Protocol) SSA(Signal Stability-Based Adaptive Routing) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 27 DSR(Dynamic Source Routing) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 28 7
![DSR DSR Dynamic Source Routing [1996] On-demand driven Based on the concept of source](/docs-images/85/91528121/images/8-0.jpg "routing Required to maintain route caches Two major phases Route discovery Route")
8 DSR DSR Dynamic Source Routing [1996] On-demand driven Based on the concept of source routing Required to maintain route caches Two major phases Route discovery Route maintenance A route error packet 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 30 DSR(cont.) DSR: Route Request(RREQ) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 32 8
9 DSR: Route Reply(RREP) DSR: Data Packet 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 34 DSR: Error Packet AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 36 9
10 AODV AODV Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector On-demand driven Nodes that are not on the selected path do not maintain routing information Route discovery The source node broadcasts a route request packet (RREQ) The destination or an intermediate node with fresh enough route to the destination replies a route reply packet (RREP) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 38 AODV (cont.) AODV: Route Request 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 40 10
11 AODV: Route Reply AODV Problem A node along the route moves Solution Upstream neighbor notices the move Propagates a link failure notification message to each of its active upstream neighbors The source node receives the message and reinitiate route discovery 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 42 ZRP ZRP(Zone Routing Protocol)- Combining Pro-active and Reactive Zone Routing Protocol Hybrid protocol On-demand Proactive ZRP has three sub-protocols Intrazone Routing Protocol (IARP) Interzone Routing Protocol (IERP) Bordercast Resolution Protocol (BRP) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 44 11
12 Zone of Node Y ZRP Border Node Zone of Node Y Bordercasting Border Node Node X Zone Radius = r Hops Node Z Zone of Node X Zone of Node Z 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 46 LAR Location-Aware Routing (1) LAR Location-Aided Routing [Mobicom 98 best paper award] Location information via GPS Shortcoming GPS availability is not yet worldwide Position information come with deviation 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 48 12
13 Request Zone Expected Zone (Xd+R, Yd+R) LAR DEST R (Xd,Yd) SRC 2002/11/ (Xs,Ys) Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 50 LAR(cont.) Notebook + GPS 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 52 13
14 SSA SSA(Signal Stability-Based Adaptive Routing) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 54 SSA(cont.) Power-Aware Routing 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 56 14
15 PAR Power-Aware Routing SRC + N1 N /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 57 N2 N DES T Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (manet) Working Group Internet-Drafts: ( The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for Ad Hoc Networks (38377 bytes) Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing (84395 bytes) The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ( bytes) On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) for Ad-Hoc Networks (59372 bytes) Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) ( bytes) Landmark Routing Protocol (LANMAR) for Large Scale Ad Hoc Networks (50155 bytes) Fisheye State Routing Protocol (FSR) for Ad Hoc Networks (38463 bytes) The Interzone Routing Protocol (IERP) for Ad Hoc Networks (40534 bytes) The Intrazone Routing Protocol (IARP) for Ad Hoc Networks (32486 bytes) The Bordercast Resolution Protocol (BRP) for Ad Hoc Networks (35570 bytes) 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 58 Wireless and Mobile Network Lab. 所設計的 MANET System Current Results (IPv4 Multi-hop) Eth0: IP Protocol Yahoo or Hinet Eth0: Eth1: Eth1: MANET Routing (DSDV) /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen
16 Eth0: Eth0: Eth1: Eth1: /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 62 Eth0: Eth0: Yahoo or Hinet Eth1: Eth1: /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen /11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 64 16
17 2002/11/ Yuh-Shyan Chen 65 17
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