90 Minute Optimization Life Cycle
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- Clifford Casey
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1 90 Minute Optimization Life Cycle Fast by Default before our eyes Author of presentation
2 Today s Hosts Hooman Beheshti VP Products Strangeloop Joshua Bixby President Strangeloop 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 2
3 Agenda Why is faster better Making a site faster Measurement Diagnosis Demos What did we miss Q&A 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 3
4 Methodology 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 4
5 Why is faster better? ( ) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 5
6 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 6
7 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 7
8 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 8
9 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 9
10 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 10
11 Impact of page load time on average daily searches per user 0.00% -0.10% -0.20% -0.30% -0.40% -0.50% -0.60% -0.70% 50ms pre-header 100ms preheader 200ms postheader 200ms postads 400ms post-header 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 11
12 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 12
13 Percent change Impact of additional delay on business metrics 0.00% -0.50% -1.00% -1.50% -2.00% -2.50% -3.00% -3.50% -4.00% -4.50% -5.00% Added delay Queries per visitor Query refinement Revenue per visitor Any clicks Satisfaction 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 13
14 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 14
15 Shopzilla had another angle Big, high-traffic site 100M impressions a day 8,000 searches a second 20-29M unique visitors a month 100M products 16 month re-engineering Page load from 6 seconds to 1.2 Uptime from 99.65% to 99.97% 10% of previous hardware needs Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 15
16 5-12% increase in revenue 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 16
17 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 17
18 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 18
19 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 19
20 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 20
21 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 21
22 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 22
23 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 23
24 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 24
25 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 25
26 Measurement: 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 26
27 Where should we start? Ylsow from Page Speed from 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 27
28 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 28
29 Example: Gomez 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 29
30 HTTP Watch 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 30
31 Webpagetest.org 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 31
32 Visualizing the problem 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 32
33 Web Performance Problem Definitions Backend: Time from when the user makes the request to when the last byte of the HTML document arrives. Includes the time for the initial request to go up, the Web server to stitch together the HTML, and for the response to come back. Frontend: Shorthand for everything after the HTML document arrives. In reality, includes backend time (primarily reading static files) and network time, as well as true frontend activities such as parsing HTML, CSS, and JS, and executing JS Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
34 Total Bytes (K) Average Number of Objects Front-end Problem is getting worse Average Page Size (K) Average Number of Objects
35 Waterfall chart 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
36 Waterfall chart HTML 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
37 Waterfall chart HTML Resources 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
38 Waterfall chart Start Render Document Complete Fully Loaded 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
39 Waterfall component breakdown DNS lookup DNS Lookup Takes one packet in each direction Time is limited to the latency of the connection (DSL/Cable/etc) for the single round trip 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
40 Waterfall component breakdown TCP Connection TCP Connection 3 packets - Client Server (SYN) - Server Client (SYN/ACK) - Client Server (ACK) Time is limited to the latency of the connection (DSL/Cable/etc) for the single round trip 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
41 Waterfall component breakdown Time To First Byte Time to First Byte Time from the request packet (usually 1) to the first packet of the response Includes the latency of the connect ion (DSL/Cable/etc) for a single round trip Also includes whatever server think time was involved in generating the response 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
42 Waterfall component breakdown Content Download Download Time it takes for the entire content of the response to get to the browser Mostly limited by the bandwidth limit of the connection (DSL/Cable/etc) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically
43 Let s Accelerate The unsuspecting victim 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 43
44 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 44
45 A Few Points of Clarification We re using this page because it s more fun! We ll use it to describe where performance pain points are, but that doesn t mean the page actually has these problems What we re going to do: Improve performance incrementally Not so good (slow) Awesome (fast) * The real Velocity site is somewhere in the middle! 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 45
46 Performance Summary / 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 46
47 Waterfall First View Repeat View 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 47
48 Per Object 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 48
49 Content Analysis by Type 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 49
50 Content Analysis by Domain 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 50
51 Show Me Where It Hurts Problem Analysis 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 51
52 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 52
53 Too Many Connections 97 Connections (almost one per request) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 53
54 Too Many Connections 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 54
55 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) Too many bytes (too much blue) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 55
56 Too Many Bytes By Type By Domain 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 56
57 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) Too many bytes (too much blue) Concurrency 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 57
58 Concurrency Browsers can only open and use so many connections at once Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 58
59 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) Too many bytes (too much blue) Concurrency Bad Caching for repeat views 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 59
60 Bad Repeat View Full Fetches Validation 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 60
61 Bad Repeat View Connections Bytes 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 61
62 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) Too many bytes (too much blue) Concurrency Bad Caching for repeat views No CDN (the greens are too big) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 62
63 The Green Problem #1: No CDN TTFB 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 63
64 Time To First Byte HTTP overhead Subjected to latency every time The more objects, the bigger the problem Concurrency helps, but not a lot GET /javascripts/application.js? HTTP/1.1 Accept: */* Referer: Accept-Language: en-us User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0;.NET CLR ;.NET CLR ;.NET CLR ;.NET CLR ) Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Host: en.oreilly.com Cookie: _session_id=6e76e8d4a4eccc63b4be7937e719ca9e 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 64
65 Performance Problems Too many connections (too much orange) Too many bytes (too much blue) Concurrency Bad Caching for repeat views No CDN (the greens are too big) Too Many Roundtrips (too many greens) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 65
66 The Green Problem #2: Roundtrips First View Repeat View 80 Requests 78 Requests 27 Requests 14 Requests 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 66
67 The Green Problem #2: Roundtrips Every fetch still pays the HTTP overhead penalty TTFB is still a problem Exacerbated by concurrency issues Getting worse as number of objects per page grows Generally, the hardest problem to solve 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 67
68 Performance Problems Too many connections Too many bytes (too much blue) Concurrency Bad Caching for repeat views No CDN (the greens are too big) Too Many Roundtrips (too many greens) Others 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 68
69 Examples of Other Problems Blocking Javascript 3 rd party calls ( Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 69
70 What does it look like Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 70
71 Summary 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 71
72 Let s Fix It!! 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 72
73 Set-Up 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 73
74 Testing Environment WebPageTest Client (East Coast) SERVICE (CLOUD) O Reilly Datacenter (West Coast) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 74
75 Possible Deployments SERVICE (CLOUD) APPLIANCE VIRTUAL 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 75
76 Acceleration Methodology 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 76
77 Stepwise Acceleration Start from the beginning and fix the easy stuff Step by step acceleration of the page Apply techniques/methods/etc and see the result Try to make it as fast as possible 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 77
78 Page Performance Kind of Like a Video Game Easy Hard Level 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 78
79 Page Performance Kind of Like a Video Game Not Good Enough Level 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 79
80 Strangeloop Site Optimizer UI 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 80
81 Step 1: Low Hanging Fruit 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 81
82 Keep-Alive Solves the too-many connection problem (Less Orange!) Will help alleviate the TCP connection setup overhead 97 Connections 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 82
83 Compression Addresses the too-many-bytes problem (Less Blue!) We ll compress textual content (html/css/etc) Not the only solution to less blue, but the easiest 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 83
84 WebPageTest Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 84
85 Before and After ~17.8sec ~10.5sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 85
86 What We Helped: Keep-Alive 97 Connections 19 Connections 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 86
87 What We Helped: Compression 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 87
88 How Did We Do? Original KA+Comp Improvement First View 52% 40% 34% 31% 23% Repeat View 71% 62% 94% 51% 75% 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 88
89 How Does It Look Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 89
90 Pros Really easy to do Pros and Cons Single configuration switches in servers, proxies, or load balancers Good benefit seen right away Cons Compression has processing overhead On their own they re just not enough 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 90
91 Step 2: Repeat View Problem 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 91
92 Poor Client Side Caching Original KA+Comp 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 92
93 Problem Still Exists ~6.2sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 93
94 How Do We Get Better Caching RFC 2616, Section 13 Caching headers should be used on static (non-changing) objects, so they can be cached browser-side And by intermediate caching proxies Validators are not enough 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 94
95 WebPageTest Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 95
96 Before and After ~2.0sec ~6.2sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 96
97 How Did We Do? KA+Comp With Good Caching Improvement Repeat View 70% 67% 42% 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 97
98 Pros Pros and Cons Good caching can have a major performance impact on repeat visits to a page Sometimes it s easy to do Browsers generally pay attention (although interpretation may vary slightly) Cons The spec appears scary Invalidation and stale content 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 98
99 Step 3: CDN 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 99
100 Global network of proxy caches What Does a CDN do? Get cacheable content close to users Reduce TTFB (smaller greens) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 100
101 TTFB Problem 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 101
102 WebPageTest Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 102
103 Before and After ~10.5sec ~8.3sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 103
104 TTFB Savings Per object TTFB savings of ~50% 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 104
105 How Did We Do? KA+Comp +CDN Improvement First View 21% 22% 17% Seconds Gained 0.7 sec 2.3 sec 2.7 sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 105
106 How Does It Look Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 106
107 Pro Pros and Cons Good mitigation of the TTFB problem Established industry: lots of vendors to choose from Cons Sometimes costly May require code change (CDN ed objects should be written to the CDN domain) 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 107
108 Step 4: Steroids- the Hard Stuff 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 108
109 We Can Get Better! Still too many roundtrips Still too many bytes Not Fast Enough!! 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 109
110 Reduce Roundtrips Combine images Combine JavaScript Combine CSS What to do Next? Reduce Payload even more Minify CSS and JavaScript Add Image Compression Increase Concurrency Add a couple of domains to the mix 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 110
111 WebPageTest Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 111
112 Before and After ~3.8sec ~8.3sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 112
113 How Did We Do? +CDN Strangeloop Improvement First View 19% 54% 45% 30% 31% Seconds Gained 0.5 sec 4.6 sec 4.1 sec 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 113
114 How Does It Look Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 114
115 Pros Pros and Cons Most significant benefit for the hardest part of the acceleration lifecycle Address multiple performance points (sometimes multiple ones with the same technique) Cons It s not easy Regression 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 115
116 Congratulations - we are done right? 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 116
117 3 rd Party Content 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 117
118 Server Think Time Server Think Time 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 118
119 Browsers? 4 Performance differences across browsers Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 119
120 Mobile Web fast by default 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 120
121 Flow Conversion??? 3.8 Seconds 11 Roundtrips 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 121
122 Regression Our Developers have repeatedly redesigned the web site s software to scale but the job is never done. It s kind of like painting the Golden Gate Bridge, where every time you finish, it s time to start over again. There are many lessons to be learned and we learn them the hard way by coding. Jim Benedetto MySpace Vice President Technology 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 122
123 Q&A 2010 Strangeloop Networks Strangeloop. Faster Websites. Automatically. 123
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