Internet of Things: Latest Technology Development and Applications
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1 Internet of Things: Latest Technology Development and Applications Mr UY Tat-Kong Assistant Vice President Network Evolution Planning & Development 22 August 2014
2 Agenda Communication Technologies Development for IoT Application examples of IoT 2
3 What is IoT (Internet of Things)? Internet Of : Things : Anytime, any place connectivity for anyone and anything ITU Internet Report Nov
4 The Trend of Connected Devices Number of connected devices doubles every 5 years Cisco IBSG Apr 2011 Source: Cisco IBSG (Internet Business Solutions Group), Apr 2011 Should be a conservative estimate because of new IoT initiatives and technologies 4
5 Benefits of IoT Operational Efficiency Improvement New Business Opportunities IoT Safety and Security Improvement Faster and Better Decision Making Automation 5
6 Enabling Technologies in IoT Data Warehousing And Analysis Communication Technology Focus of this session IoT Sensor Technology Energy Storage and Generation Technology Semiconductor Technology 6
7 Agenda Communication Technologies Development for IoT Application examples of IoT 7
8 Today s Internet Today s Internet is mainly for connecting conventional objects PCs, smart phones, tablets, TV boxes, etc. Based on IP and web technology IPv4/IPv6 Core Network Continuous end-to-end path Low error rate Technology advance for increasing speed and reliability Wireless Access Wired Access DSL Ethernet PON Cable FTTH Home Networking 8
9 Connecting Smart Objects IoT is more challenging for connecting Smart Embedded Objects (Sensor Networks) Sensors, actuators, vehicles, switches, electrical appliance, meters, health monitoring devices, etc 9
10 Connecting Smart Objects Characteristics of Smart Embedded Objects Low or No Power Low Bandwidth Requirement Limited Processing capability, low memory Low Cost Large number of devices High mobility Un-predefined ad-hoc location Frequent topology change Unreliable connection Limited Range Devices may sleep to conserve energy May be unattended 10
11 Wireless Access Technologies WiFi IEEE Wireless access to Internet services Bluetooth IEEE Cable replacement for consumer devices LR-WPAN IEEE Low cost wireless link for sensor and actuator devices Embedded Sensors Video Wireless Networks Video Real-Time Apps 11
12 IEEE Characteristics: IEEE is a standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Physical and MAC (Media Access Control) layer Frequency spectrum 868MHz (Europe) 915MHz (North America) 2.4GHz (Worldwide, ISM band) Maximum speed: 250 kbps Typical range: 10m Payload size: 127 bytes Building block for various low-rate and low-power protocol such as Zigbee, Wireless HART, MiWi, ISA100, 6LoWPAN, etc 12
13 Zigbee ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard for wireless control and monitoring applications Characteristics: Based on IEEE standard P2P wireless mesh networking Integrate with other security, audio or video system Widely deployed for home automation 13
14 Issues of Current Sensor Network Standards The current standards are not HTTP/IP-based. Gateways and non-internet protocols are used to interconnect sensor networks and the Internet No real end-to-end connectivity with the Internet. Need specific gateway/proxy to perform translation Vendor specific APIs are required for Internet to access smart objects Development efforts of the gateway/proxy for new smart objects Internet Protocols (IP, TCP, HTTP, ) Non-IP Sensor Protocol Stacks 14
15 Extension of Internet Protocols to Sensor Networks Advantages HTTP/IP is widely used in the Internet End-to-end connectivity Single-type simple gateway Application development is easier Challenges HTTP/ IP is too heavy Packet size mismatch IPv6 (min 1280 bytes, can t fragment) IEEE (max 127 bytes) Existing routing protocol is not suitable for networks with unreliable connection End-to-end Internet Protocols Smart Objects Network 15
16 Extension of Internet Protocols to Sensor Networks Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) IP Smart Objects Protocol Suite 16
17 Extension of Internet Protocols to Sensor Networks Application Application HTTP HTTP CoAP CoAP TCP/UDP TCP/UDP UDP UDP IPv6 IPv6 6LoWPAN 6LoWPAN Data Link Data Link RPL Routing 17
18 IPv6 IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol for features enhancement, especially to solve IPv4 address exhaustion issue IPv4 (32-bit) : 4,294,967,296 (~4.3 billion) addresses IPv6 (128-bit) : ~3.4 x addresses World population is ~7 billion, each person on earth can have ~0.6 IPv4 address ~4.8 x IPv6 addresses (Each human body has ~ 3 x cells) IPv6 is mandatory for IP-based Internet of Things 18
19 6LoWPAN 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks) Defined by IETF RFC 4919, 4944 IEEE is used as the physical and MAC layer Network layer is using IPv6 Sensor Network RPL Routing Main Features Packet fragmentation IPv6 (min 1280 bytes) vs (max 127 bytes) Header compression IPv6/UDP Header (48bytes) compressed to ~10bytes Data link layer routing (mesh-under routing) 19
20 RPL RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) Defined by IETF RFC6550 Simple routing architecture in LLN (Low Power and Lossy Networks) Lossy and unstable links Low packet delivery rate Comprising up to thousands of nodes Sensor Network RPL Routing Special Requirements for Various Applications Urban LLNs (RFC5548) Industrial LLNs (RFC5673) Home Automation LLNs (RFC5826) Building Automation LLNs (RFC5867) 20
21 CoAP CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) WoT (Web of Things) Defined by IETF draft-ietf-core-coap Same RESTful principles as HTTP, but much lighter (lower overhead and parsing complexity) for running on constrained devices and networks CoAP Client CoAP Server Sensor Network RPL Routing * REST (Representational State Transfer) GET /.well-known/core 2.05 Content </s/t>;rt= TemperatureC ;if= sensor, </s/l>;rt= LightLux ;if= sensor GET /s/t 2.05 Content 23.5C Get available resources Get temperature value 21
22 Issues and Challenges Self-Configuration Interoperability Security Privacy Energy Efficiency Integration with existing Internet and web technologies and tools 22
23 Agenda Communication Technologies Development for IoT Application examples of IoT 23
24 Smart Home Home monitoring Curtain Control Lighting Control Temperature Control TV Control Home Theatre and Entertainment Image Source: Control via smartphone/tablet apps (in-home and out-of-home control) 24
25 Smart Grid Interconnection of power systems (substations, distribution plants, meters, etc) to improve the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Image Source: 25
26 Smart City FI-PPP (Future Internet Public-Private Partnership) A European programme for Internet-enabled innovation funded by European Commission ( Main objective is to achieve smart infrastructures, processes, services and applications through Future Internet technologies 5 projects related to Smart City Source: 26
27 e-health FI-STAR (Future Internet Social & Technological Alignment Research) A FI-PPP project in health care domain 7 early trials across Europe, serving more than 4 million people 27 Source:
28 Image Source: /File:Internet_of_Things.jpg It will change our lives 28
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