Hierarchical Fabric Designs The Journey to Multisite. Lukas Krattiger Principal Engineer September 2017

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1 Hierarchical Fabric Designs The Journey to Multisite Lukas Krattiger Principal Engineer September 2017

2 A Single Fabric, a Single Data Center External Layer-3 Network Pod 1 Leaf/ Topologies (aka Folded Clos, Fat-Tree) Similar to tradition 3-Tier Hierarchical Topologies (Access, Aggregation, Core) Roles and Location change Leaf End-Point and First-Hop handling. Multi- Tenancy aware an IP Router Border where we connect External; Multi- Tenancy aware Roles and Functions can be Collapsed New: Border + = Border New: Border + Leaf = Border Leaf Old: Core + Aggregation = Collapsed Core

3 A Second Fabric, a Second Data Center External Layer-3 Network Pod 1 Pod 2

4 A Tale of the Super- Super Super Super Still a Leaf/ Topologies (aka Folded Clos, Fat-Tree) Yet another Tier Pod 1 Hierarchical and well Structured Pod 2

5 Hierarchical Fabric Designs Nicely Structured and Tiered Topologies Allows Efficient Scale-Out More End-Points = More Leaf More Bandwidth, Resilience or Capacity = More or Tiers Roles and Location change Leaf Becomes more Intelligent Becomes less Intelligent (no touch-points) Super- Yet another (next Tier for Capacity) Border Your Way to the Rest of the World Best Approach for a Routed Fabric (Layer-3) Well described in RFC Use of BGP for Routing in Large-Scale Data Centers

6 What About Overlays?

7 A Single Fabric Overlay External Layer-3 Network Overlay A Single Overlay Domain Roles and Location change, again Leaf End-Point and First-Hop handling. Multi- Tenancy aware () not seen Border where we connect External; Multi- Tenancy aware () Pod 1

8 Two Fabric Overlay WAN Connectivity External Layer-3 Network Overlay Overlay Pod 1 Pod 2

9 A Tale of the Super- Super Super Super Overlay Overlay Pod 1 Pod 2

10 Hierarchical Fabric Designs Underlay Nicely Structured and Tiered Topologies Allows Efficient Scale-Out More End-Points = More Leaf More Bandwidth, Resilience or Capacity = More or Tiers Roles and Location change Leaf Becomes more Intelligent Becomes less Intelligent (no touch-points) Super- Yet another (next Tier for Capacity) Border Your Way to the Rest of the World Overlay End-to-End, Flat, No Hierarchy

11 The Single Single Overlay Domain End-to-End Encapsulation Single Overlay Control-Plane Domain End-to-End EVPN Updates Single Underlay Domain End-to-End Single Replication Domain for BUM Single VNI Administrative Domain Building Underlay Hierarchies Non Hierarchical Overlay

12 Fixing The Overlays!

13 A Single Fabric Overlay NOT a Problem External Layer-3 Network Overlay Pod 1

14 Two Fabric Overlay NOT a Problem External Layer-3 Network Overlay Overlay Pod 1 Pod 2

15 A Tale of the Super- A Problem(?!) Super Super Super Overlay Overlay Pod 1 Pod 2

16 The Multiple Multisite Overlay Multisite Overlay Overlay Site 1 Site 2

17 The Multiple Multiple Overlay Domains Interconnected & Controlled Multiple Overlay Control-Plane Domains Interconnected & Controlled Multiple Underlay Domains - Isolated Multiple Replication Domains for BUM Interconnected & Controlled Multiple VNI Administrative Domains Underlay Isolation Overlay Hierarchies

18 Scale, Extend and Grow

19 Lifecycle External Layer-3 Network Applications Applications Applications Non Critical t

20 Lifecycle with Migration Overlay Multisite Applications 1-98, Applications Applications Non Critical t

21 Availability, Change and Control Overlay Multisite Same, Similar or Different Fabrics Interconnected Extended Availability through Hierarchies Smaller Failure and Operation Domain Simpler Adoption of New Technology non Critical Application Deployment

22 Architecture Overview

23 Multisite Hierarchical Overlay Domains Multiple Overlay Domains Interconnected & Controlled Overlay Scaling Multisite and Segregating VXLAN EVPN Networks External Layer-3 Network Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Unicast Site 1 Site n Baremetal Baremetal

24 Multisite Introducing the Border Gateway Overlay Multisite Border Gateway Two Mode - Anycast Mode and VPC Mode Border Gateway (BG) - Anycast Cluster - Border (VIP) External Layer-3 Network Border (VIP) Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Any VXLAN EVPN Site 1 Site n

25 Multisite Anycast vs VPC Border Gateway Overlay Site 1 Site 1 Anycast Border Gateway Overlay Multisite Up to 4 Border Gateways External Layer-3 Network Border Leaf (G-Release) or Border (G- MR) Common Virtual IP (VIP) across BG Common Virtual IP (VIP) across BG Site n BGP-based DF election Single-Homed End-Point possible Overlay Site n VPC Border Gateway 2 Border Gateways Border Leaf (G-MR) VPC-based DF election Multi-Homed End-Points possible Easy Migration (Conversion)

26 Multisite Border Gateway & VRF-Lite Co-Existence of Multisite and External Connectivity Overlay VRF-Lite Multisitefor External Layer-3 Connectivity VRF-A VRF-B VRF-C External Layer-3 Network Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Site 1 Site n

27 Multisite VXLAN Tunnel Adjacencies Border (VIP) Multiple Overlay Control-Plane Domains Interconnected & Controlled BG102# show nve peers Interface Peer-IP VNI Up Time nve :12:16 nve :12:23 nve :12:23 Contained Overlay Overlay Multisite Control-Plane Update Propagation External Layer-3 Network Border (VIP) Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Leaf1-1# show nve peers Interface Peer-IP VNI Up Time nve :18:06 nve :12:23 Site 1 Leaf2-7# show nve peers Interface Peer-IP VNI Up Time Site n nve :12:06 nve :12:

28 Multisite Separated Underlay Domains Multiple Underlay Domains - Isolated Isolated Underlay Domains No need for Extension Border (VIP) External Layer-3 Network Border (VIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Site 1 Site 1 Underlay Routing Table Border: Leaf: Site n Site n Underlay Routing Table Border: Leaf:

29 Multisite Inter Site Network Border (VIP) Inter Site Network Inside Inter-Site Network Routing Table Border Site2: Border Site1: Border (VIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Border (PIP) Site 1 Site n

30 Multisite BUM Replication Multiple Replication Domains for BUM Interconnected & Controlled Individual Overlay BUM flooding Multisitedomain with Traffic control External Layer-3 Network Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n BUM Site 1 Site n Baremetal

31 Multisite BUM Enforcement Overlay Multisite Overlay Site 1 External Layer-3 Network Storm Control Broadcast 0-100% Unknown Unicast 0-100% Multicast Layer-2 Multicast 0-100% 0-100% Overlay Site n BUM Site 1 Site n Baremetal

32 Multisite BUM Replication Modes (1) Overlay Multisite Ingress Replication External Layer-3 Network Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Multicast Multicast Site 1 Site n

33 Multisite BUM Replication Modes (2) Overlay Multisite Ingress Replication Overlay Site 1 Overlay Site n Ingress Replication Ingress Replication Site 1 Site n

34 Border Gateways Deployment Considerations

35 Border Gateways Deployment Considerations Anycast Border Gateways Border Gateways used for two main functions: BGW BGW BGW BGW 1. Interconnecting each site to the Inter-Site network (for East-West traffic flows) 2. Connecting each site to the external Layer 3 domain (for North-South traffic flows) Site 1 May also be used to connect End-Points and/or network service nodes (FWs, ADCs) VPC Border Gateways Two deployment models supported: 1. Anycast Border Gateways 2. VPC Border Gateways BGW BGW Site 1

36 Anycast Border Gateways

37 Anycast Border Gateway (1) Anycast Border Gateway Up to 4 Border Gateways Border Gateway BGW BGW BGW BGW Deploying at Leaf 7.0(3)I7(1) Deploying at 7.0(3)I7(2) Site 1

38 Anycast Border Gateway (2) Anycast Border Gateway BGW PIP-BGW Border VIP BGW PIP-BGW BGW PIP-BGW BGW PIP-BGW Common Virtual IP (VIP) across BGW VIP is used for Intra- and Inter-Site Communication VIP for communication between the Border Gateways in different Sites Border VIP VIP for communication between Border Gateway and Leaf within a Site Individual Primary IP (PIP) per BGW Used for Broadcast, Unknown Unicast and Multicast (BUM) replication PIP for communication with Single-Homed End-Points (routed only), intra- and inter-site Site 1

39 Anycast Border Gateway (3) DF BGW Type: 03 System MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:01 Ethernet Segment: 00:03:09 DF BGW RR Site 1 DF BGP EVPN RR BGW IP: VNI: DF BGW Anycast Border Gateway Per-VNI Designated Forwarder (DF) election Each BGW can serve as DF for a single or a set of Layer-2 VNI DF election and assignment is automatic Using BGP EVPN Route Type 4 for DF election Auto Generated MAC-based (Type: 03) Six Octet Site Identifier (System MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:01) Multisite Discriminator (Ethernet-Segment: 00:03:09) Originators IP Address (PIP): Layer-2 VNI: 30010

40 Anycast Border Gateway (4) DF BGW Type: 03 System MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:01 Ethernet Segment: 00:03:09 DF BGW DF BGP EVPN BGW IP: VNI: DF BGW Anycast Border Gateway Per-VNI Designated Forwarder (DF) election Round Robin Ordinal List of Originator IP (PIP) Ordered List of Layer-2 VNI 1 st Configuration Order 2 nd Ordinal List RR RR Site 1

41 Anycast Border Gateway (5) BGW PIP-BGW Border VIP BGW PIP-BGW Border VIP Site 1 BGW PIP-BGW BGW PIP-BGW ADC ADC Type IP / Length L3VNI / RT Next-Hop Anycast Border Gateway Single-Homed End-Points (Orphan End-Points) Routed attachment only (Layer-3 Interface, physical or logical, i.e. SVI) Services Appliance (i.e. Firewall, ADC etc.) Multi-Homed & Layer-2 attached End-Points in future Advertised and Reachable through Individual Primary IP Address (PIP) Intra-Site: Leaf nodes use PIP to reach End- Points connected to Border Gateways Inter-Site: Remote Border Gateways use PIP to reach End-Points connected to local Border Gateway / , 65599:

42 Configuration Walk-Thru

43 Multisite Overview RS DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

44 Site 1 Setup Enable Border Gateway Fabric BGW1. BGW2 Multisite Commands are marked in green Various options do exist but the recommended design choices are: Fabric Internal IGP Underlay, ibgp Overlay DCI (primary choice) ebgp Underlay, ebgp Overlay Route Server for DCI Overlay peerings DC Core for reachability across n Sites DCI (alternative option) Any Routing Protocol Underlay, ebgp Overlay Full-Mesh for DCI Overlay peerings Back-to-Back Site Reachability (physical, fullmesh)

45 Site 1 Setup Enable Border Gateway BGW1 BGW2 feature nv overlay nv overlay evpn feature bgp feature interface-vlan feature vn-segment-vlan-based evpn multisite border-gateway # Fabric BGW1. BGW2

46 Site 1 Setup BGW 1 Loopback & BGW1 interface loopback0 description RID ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode Fabric BGW1. interface loopback1 description PIP ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode interface loopback100 description VIP Multisite 1 ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode

47 Site 1 Setup BGW 2 Loopback & BGW2 interface loopback0 description RID ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode Fabric. BGW2 interface loopback1 description PIP ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode interface loopback100 description VIP Multisite 1 ip address /32 tag ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode

48 Site 1 Setup Fabric Underlay Verification All Loopback IP addresses are advertised into the Intra-Site Underlay Border Gateway: Router ID, Primary IP and Virtual IP Leaf: Router ID, Primary IP and Virtual IP (if VPC) : Router ID, Rendezvous-Point (RP) Fabric. Site 1 Underlay Routing Table Border: Leaf: :

49 Site 1 Setup Fabric Link Tracking BGW 1 BGW1 interface Ethernet1/53 description TO-SPINE1 ip address /30 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode evpn multisite fabric-tracking Fabric BGW1. interface Ethernet1/54 description TO-SPINE2 ip address /30 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode evpn multisite fabric-tracking Allows to bring down the PIP/VIP loopback interfaces when the BGW is isolated from the spines

50 Site 1 Setup Fabric Link Tracking BGW 2 BGW2 interface Ethernet1/53 description TO-SPINE1 ip address /30 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode evpn multisite fabric-tracking Fabric. BGW2 interface Ethernet1/54 description TO-SPINE2 ip address /30 ip router ospf UNDERLAY area ip pim sparse-mode evpn multisite fabric-tracking

51 Site 1 Setup Multisite Underlay Interface DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 BGW1 interface Ethernet1/1 description TO-DC-CORE1 ip address /30 tag DC Core evpn multisite dci-tracking (Layer-3 Unicast) BGW2 interface Ethernet1/2 description TO-DC-CORE2 ip address /30 tag evpn multisite dci-tracking interface Ethernet1/1 description TO-DC-CORE1 ip address /30 tag evpn multisite dci-tracking interface Ethernet1/2 description TO-DC-CORE2 ip address /30 tag evpn multisite dci-tracking Allows to bring down the PIP/VIP loopback interfaces when the BGW is isolated from the DC core

52 Site 1 Setup Multisite Underlay Routing DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 Underlay Routing from Border Gateway to DC Core Use Physical Interfaces and IP Addresses for Routing Peering (IPv4 Unicast) Use Dynamic Routing Protocol of choice Must use Global Routing Table on the BGW (VRF default) Underlay Routing with Border Gateway back-to-back (Alternative Design) Requires Full-Mesh of Physical Interfaces Use Dynamic Routing Protocol of choice Must use Global Routing Table on the BGW (VRF default)

53 DCI Fabric Site 1 BGW 1 Setup Multisite Underlay Routing e1/1 e1/2 BGW1. e6/1 e5/1 BGW1 router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL (Layer-3 Unicast) neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/2 address-family ipv4 unicast route-map REDIST-LOCAL permit 10 match tag Required to exchange Loopback IP prefixes (PIP and VIP) between BGW and DC Core routers

54 DCI Fabric Site 1 Core 1 Setup Multisite Underlay Routing e1/1 BGW1. e1/1 e6/1 e6/2 Core1 Core1 router bgp address-family ipv4 unicast redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL DC Core neighbor (Layer-3 Unicast) remote-as update-source ethernet6/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet6/2 address-family ipv4 unicast route-map REDIST-LOCAL permit 10 match tag Required to exchange Loopback IP prefixes between BGW and DC Core routers

55 DCI Fabric Site 1 BGW 2 Setup Multisite Underlay Routing. e6/2 e1/1 e1/2 BGW2 e5/2 BGW2 router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL (Layer-3 Unicast) neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/2 address-family ipv4 unicast route-map REDIST-LOCAL permit 10 match tag 12345

56 DCI Fabric Site 1 Core 2 Setup Multisite Underlay Routing e1/2 BGW1. e1/2 e5/1 Core2 e5/2 Core2 router bgp address-family ipv4 unicast redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL DC Core neighbor (Layer-3 Unicast) remote-as update-source ethernet5/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet5/2 address-family ipv4 unicast route-map REDIST-LOCAL permit 10 match tag Required to exchange Loopback IP prefixes between BGW and DC Core routers

57 Site 1 Setup DCI Underlay Verification DC Core Underlay Routing Table DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) Border: / / / / / / / / /30 All Loopback IP addresses are advertised into the Inter-Site Underlay Border Gateway: Router ID, Virtual IP and Primary IP

58 Site 1 Setup Multisite Overlay Peering RS DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 Overlay Peering from Border Gateway to Route Server (RS) Use Loopback Interfaces for Overlay Peering (EVPN) Requires Full-Mesh EVPN Peerings to all RS Must use ebgp Multi-Hop Overlay Peering from Border Gateway back-to-back (Alternative Design) Use Loopback Interfaces for Overlay Peering (EVPN) Requires Full-Mesh of EVPN Peerings to all BGW Must use ebgp Multi-Hop RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

59 DCI Fabric Route Server (RS) Multisite Overlay Peering BGW1. RS RS router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core maximum-paths 4 (Layer-3 Unicast) address-family l2vpn evpn retain route-target all neighbor remote-as update-source loopback0 ebgp-multihop 5 address-family l2vpn evpn send-community send-community both route-map UNCHANGED out route-map UNCHANGED permit 10 set ip next-hop unchanged RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

60 DCI Fabric Route Server (RS) Multisite Overlay Peering. BGW2 RS RS router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core maximum-paths 4 (Layer-3 Unicast) address-family l2vpn evpn retain route-target all neighbor remote-as update-source loopback0 ebgp-multihop 5 address-family l2vpn evpn send-community send-community both route-map UNCHANGED out route-map UNCHANGED permit 10 set ip next-hop unchanged RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

61 DCI Fabric Site 1 BGW 1 Setup Multisite Overlay Peering BGW1. BGW1 RS router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL (Layer-3 Unicast) neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/2 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source loopback0 ebgp-multihop 5 peer-type fabric-external address-family l2vpn evpn rewrite-evpn-rt-asn send-community send-community both RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

62 DCI Fabric Site 1 BGW 2 Setup Multisite Overlay Peering. BGW2 BGW2 RS router bgp router-id address-family ipv4 unicast DC Core redistribute direct route-map REDIST-LOCAL (Layer-3 Unicast) neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/1 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source ethernet1/2 address-family ipv4 unicast neighbor remote-as update-source loopback0 ebgp-multihop 5 peer-type fabric-external address-family l2vpn evpn rewrite-evpn-rt-asn send-community send-community both RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

63 Site 1 Setup Multisite Overlay Peering RS DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 peer-type fabric-external Enables Next-Hop Rewrite for Multisite Defines Site External BGP neighbors for EVPN exchange rewrite-evpn-rt-asn Rewrites Route-Target Auto information to simplify MAC-VRF and IP-VRF configuration Normalizes outgoing Route-Targets AS number to match remote AS number Uses BGP configured Neighbors Remote AS RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

64 Site 1 Setup Anycast BGW Configuration BGW1 BGW2 DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) evpn multisite border-gateway 1 delay-restore time 180 interface nve1 no shutdown host-reachability protocol bgp source-interface loopback1 multisite border-gateway interface loopback100 member vni multisite ingress-replication mcast-group member vni mcast-group member vni associate-vrf RS Route Server (ebgp Route Reflector )

65 Site 1 Setup Anycast BGW Configuration DC Core (Layer-3 Unicast) DCI Fabric BGW1. BGW2 evpn multisite border-gateway # Defines the Multisite Site-Id delay-restore time #seconds# Delay activation of Multisite VIP for multisite border-gateway interface loopback# Defines the Loopback Interface used for the Border Gateway Virtual IP Address (VIP) multisite ingress-replication Per-VNI knob for extending Layer-2 VNI Defines the Multisite BUM Replication method

66 Feature Overview

67 VXLAN EVPN Multisite Inter Site Network Border Gateway (BG) to Border Gateway (BG) reachability required Reachability Back-to-Back (full-mesh) or via Layer-3 transport network Any Routing Protocol for BG reachability IPv4 Unicast Transport (Ingress Replication) BGP full-mesh or Route-Server (ebgp Route Reflector ) for Overlay Control-Plane Site 1 External Layer-3 Network Multisite Border Gateway (BG): Seamless insertion into existing VXLAN EVPN Fabrics (Border Gateways require Nexus 9x00-EX/-FX) Layer-2 and Layer-3 extension to other Sites BGP- or VPC-based Border Gateway (BG) Cluster (up to 4 nodes when using BGP) All Border Gateways (BG) are representing a common Anycast (VIP) Failure containment through Broadcast, Unknown Unicast and Layer-2 Multicast limiter (off or rate-based) Co-Existence with VRF-lite for External Connectivity Core and Fabric link tracking Site n

68 VXLAN EVPN Multisite NX-OS 7.0(3)I7(1) Layer-2 and Layer-3 extension across VXLAN EVPN Sites Intra-Site using Multicast or Unicast (IR) Inter-Site using Unicast (Ingress Replication) Up to 4 Border Gateway (BG) per Site / 10* Sites Total BGP-based Anycast BG VPC-based Anycast BG (G-MR) Border Gateway: Nexus 9300-EX/-FX Nexus 9500-EX/-FX - 7.0(3)I7(2) Control- and Data-Plane Separation Re-encapsulation at Border Gateway (Layer- 2 and Layer-3) Control-Plane Update suppression Split Horizon Traffic Control of Broadcast, Unknown Unicast and Layer-2 Multicast (Disable or Rate-based) Uplink/Downlink tracking Symmetric VNI (same VNI) Co-Existence with VRF-Lite VXLAN OAM across Sites *Target

69 VXLAN EVPN Multisite in the IETF New IETF Draft for Multisite Design Multisite EVPN based VXLAN using Border Gateways

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