Network Design Considerations for VMware Deployments. Koo Juan Huat
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1 Network Design Considerations for VMware Deployments Koo Juan Huat 1
2 Agenda VMware Architecture and Components VMware LAN Networking vswitch Basics NIC Teaming vswitch vs LAN Switch Migration, HA, DRS Cisco/VMware DC Designs 2
3 VMware Architecture and Components 3
4 Virtualization App Guest OS VM App Guest OS App Guest OS VM App Guest OS App Modified OS VM App Modified OS Mofied Stripped Down OS with Hypervisor Hypervisor Host OS Mofied Stripped Down OS with Hypervisor CPU CPU CPU VMware Microsoft XEN aka Paravirtualization 4
5 Migration VMotion, aka VM Migration allows a VM to be reallocated on a different Hardware without having to interrupt service. Downtime in the order of few milliseconds to few minutes, not hours or days Can be used to perform Maintenance on a server, Can be used to shift workloads more efficiently 2 types of Migration: VMotion Migration Regular Migration CPU App. App. Console OS VMware Virtualization Layer OS OS Hypervisor App. OS CPU Console OS VMware Virtualization Layer Hypervisor 5
6 VMware Architecture in a Nutshell App. App. App. OS OS OS Console OS Mgmt Network VM Kernel Network Production Network VM Virtualization Layer Virtual Machines Physical Hardware CPU ESX Server Host 6
7 VMware HA Clustering App1 App2 App1 App2 App3 App4 Guest OS App5 Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Hypervisor ESX Host 1 Hypervisor ESX Host 2 Hypervisor ESX Host 3 CPU CPU CPU 7
8 Application-level HA clustering (Provided by MSCS, Veritas etc ) App1 App2 App3 App4 App1 App5 App2 Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Hypervisor ESX Host 1 Hypervisor ESX Host 2 Hypervisor ESX Host 3 CPU CPU CPU 8
9 HA + DRS HA takes care of Powering on VMs on available ESX hosts in the least possible time (regular migration, not VMotion based) DRS takes care of migrating the VMs over time to the most appropriate ESX host based on resource allocation (VMotion migration) 9
10 VMware LAN Networking vswitch Basics NIC Teaming vswitch vs LAN Switch Migration, HA, DRS 10
11 VMware Networking Components Per ESX-server configuration VMs vswitch VMNICS = uplinks VM_LUN_0007 vnic vswitch0 vmnic0 VM_LUN_0005 vnic Virtual Ports vmnic1 11
12 vnic MAC address VM s MAC address automatically generated Mechanisms to avoid MAC collision VM s MAC address doesn t change with migration VM s MAC addresses can be made static by modifying the configuration files ethernetn.address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ /vmfs/volumes / 46b9d79a-2de6e23e-929d-0 01b78bb5a2c/VM_LUN_0005 /VM_LUN_0005.vmx ethernet0.addresstype = "vpx" ethernet0.generatedaddress = "00:50:56:b0:5f:24 ethernet0.addresstype = static ethernet0.address = "00:50:56:00:00:06 12
13 vswitch Forwarding Characteristics Forwarding based on MAC address (No Learning): If traffic doesn t match a VM MAC is sent out to vmnic VM-to-VM traffic stays local Vswitches TAG traffic with 802.1q VLAN ID vswitches are 802.1q Capable vswitches can create Etherchannels 13
14 vswitch Creation YOU DON T HAVE TO SELECT A NIC This is just a name vnics vswitch Select the Port-Group by specifying the NETWORK LABEL 14
15 VM Port-Group vswitch 15
16 VLAN Tagging Options External Switch Tagging VLAN assignment External switch tags packet Configured by setting the Network Label VLAN ID to be 0 How is VM-toVM traffic switched? (through LAN Switch or through vswitch) Can use native VLAN on 802.1q trunk (as long as native VLAN is not tagged) A VMNIC0 Virtual Switch 1 B VMNIC2 Virtual Switch 2 Port-Group 1 Port-Group VMs ESX Server Host 16
17 VLAN Tagging Options Virtual Switch Tagging 802.1q trunk vswitch tagging Tags outbound packets Strips tag from inbound packet Most Common Deployment It is set by assigning the VLAN ID to the Network Label in the Port-Group Provides isolation between VLANs VMNIC0 VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC3 Port Group A VLAN A Virtual Switch VLAN B Port Group B Virtual Machines ESX Server Host 17
18 VMware LAN Networking vswitch Basics NIC Teaming vswitch vs LAN Switch Migration, HA, DRS 18
19 Meaning of NIC Teaming in VMware (1) ESX server NIC cards vmnic0 vmnic1 vmnic2 vmnic3 vswitch Uplinks NIC Teaming NIC Teaming vnic vnic vnic vnic vnic THIS IS NOT NIC Teaming ESX Server Host 19
20 Meaning of NIC Teaming in VMware (2) Teaming is Configured at The vmnic Level This is NOT Teaming 20
21 Design Example 2 NICs, VLAN 1 and 2, Active/Standby Port-Group 1 VLAN q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1,2 vmnic0 vmnic1 ESX Server vswitch0 Port-Group 2 VLAN 1 VM1 VM2 Service Console 21
22 Beacon Probing VM ports uplink ports Teamed physical NICs LAN Beacon probing attempts to detect failures which don t result in a link state failure for the NIC Broadcast frames sent from each NIC in the team should be seen by other NICs in the team Beacons are sent on each VLAN in use 22
23 Active/Standby per-port-group CBS-left CBS-right VMNIC0 VMNIC1 Port-Group1 Port-Group2 vswitch0 VM5 VM7 VM4 VM6.5.7 ESX Server
24 Port-Group overrides vswitch Global Configuration 24
25 Active/Active ESX server NIC cards vmnic0 vmnic1 ESX server vswitch Port-Group VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4 VM5 25
26 Active/Active IP-based Load Balancing Works with Channel-Group mode ON LACP is not supported (see below): 9w0d: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/14, changed state to up 9w0d: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13, changed state to up 9w0d: %EC-5-L3DONTBNDL2: Gi1/0/14 suspended: LACP currently not enabled on the remote port. 9w0d: %EC-5-L3DONTBNDL2: Gi1/0/13 suspended: LACP currently not enabled on the remote port. vmnic0 vmnic1 vswitch Port-Group Port-channeling ESX server VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4 26
27 VMware LAN Networking vswitch Basics NIC Teaming vswitch vs LAN Switch Migration, HA, DRS 27
28 Rolling Failover (aka Preemption) By default Preemption is on 802.1q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1,2 vmnic0 vmnic1 vmnic0 vmnic1 vswitch0 vswitch0 VM1 VM2 VM1 VM2 28
29 All Links Active, No Spanning-Tree Is there a Loop? CBS-left CBS-right NIC1 NIC2 NIC3 NIC4 Port-Group1 Port-Group2 vswitch1 VM5 VM7 VM4 VM6.5.7 ESX Server
30 Broadcast/Multicast/Unknown Unicast Forwarding in Active/Active (1) 802.1q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1,2 vmnic0 vmnic1 Port-Group 1 VLAN 2 vswitch0 ESX Server VM1 VM2 30
31 Broadcast/Multicast/Unknown Unicast Forwarding in Active/Active (2) 802.1q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1,2 ESX Host vswitch NIC1 NIC2 VM1 VM2 VM3 31
32 Can the vswitch pass traffic through? E.g. HSRP? vswitch NIC1 NIC2 VM1 VM2 32
33 Can VM1 talk to Server3? 4 Uplinks 802.1q Vlan 1, q Vlan 1,2 vswitch NIC1 NIC2 Port-Group 1 VLAN 2 Port-Group 2 VLAN 1 Server3 VM1 VM2 Service Console 33
34 Can VM5 talk to VM4? All links are active Catalyst1 Catalyst q 802.1q ESX server1 ESX server 2 VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC1 VMNIC2 vswitch vswitch VM5 VM7 VM4 VM
35 Is this design possible? Catalyst1 Catalyst q ESX server q VMNIC1 VMNIC2 vswitch VM5 VM
36 vswitch Security Promiscuous mode Reject prevents a port from capturing traffic whose address is not the VM s address MAC Address Change, prevents the VM from modifying the vnic address Forget Transmits prevents the VM from sending out traffic with a different MAC (e.g NLB) 36
37 vswitch vs LAN Switch Similarly to a LAN Switch: Forwarding based on MAC address VM-to-VM traffic stays local Vswitches TAG traffic with 802.1q VLAN ID vswitches are 802.1q Capable vswitches can create Etherchannels Preemption Configuration (similar to Flexlinks, but no delay preemption) Differently from a LAN Switch No Learning No Spanning-Tree protocol No Dynamic trunk negotiation (DTP) No 802.3ad LACP Certain designs can isolate VMs 2 Etherchannel backing up each other is not possible vswitch doesn t have the equivalent of UPLINK TRACKING No SPAN/mirroring capabilities: Traffic capturing is by far not the equivalent of SPAN Beaconing doesn t seem to add much value Port Security very limited 37
38 VMware LAN Networking vswitch Basics NIC Teaming vswitch vs LAN Switch Migration, HA, DRS 38
39 VMotion Migration Requirements 39
40 VMKernel Network can be routed VM Kernel Network Mgmt Network VM Kernel Network Production Network Virtual Machines ESX Server Host 40
41 VMotion L2 Design Rack10 Rack1 vmnic0 vmnic1 vmnic2 vmnic3 vmnic0 vmnic2 vswitch0 vswitch1 vswitch2 vswitch0 vswitch2 vmkernel ESX Host 2 Service console VM4 VM5 VM6 vmkernel ESX Host 1 41
42 HA clustering (1) EMC/Legato AAM based HA Agent runs in every host Heartbeats Unicast UDP port ~8042 (4 UDP ports opened) Hearbeats run on the Service Console ONLY When a Failure Occurs, the ESX Host pings the gateway (on the SERVICE CONSOLE ONLY) to verify Network Connectivity If ESX Host is isolated, it shuts down the VMs thus releaseing locks on the SAN Recommendations: Have 2 Service Console on redundant paths Avoid losing SAN access (e.g. via iscsi) Make sure you know before hand if DRS is activated too! Caveats: Losing Production VLAN connectivity only, ISOLATES VMs (there s no equivalent of uplink tracking on the vswitch) Solution: NIC TEAMING 42
43 HA clustering (2) COS iscsi access/vmkernel Prod vmnic0 vmnic0 VM1 VM2 ESX1 Server Host VM1 ESX2 Server Host VM2 43
44 Cisco/VMware DC Designs 44
45 vswitch and NIC Teaming Best Practices Q: Should I use multiple vswitches or multiple Port -Groups to isolate traffic? A: We didn t see any advantage in using multiple vswitches, multiple Port-Groups with different VLANs give you enough flexibility to isolate servers Q: Should I use EST or VST? A: Always use VST, i.e. assign the VLAN from the vswitch Q: Can I use native VLAN for VMs? A: Yes you can, but to make it simple don t. If you do, do not TAG VMs with the native VLAN Q: Which NIC Teaming configuration should I use? A: Active/Active, Virtual Port-ID based Q: Do I have to attach all NICs in the team to the same switch or to different switches? A: with Active/Active Virtual Port-ID based, it doesn t matter Q: Should I use Beaconing? A: No Q: Should I use Rolling Failover (i.e. no preemption) A: No, default is good, just enable trunkfast on the Cisco switch 45
46 NIC Team Across Hardware 46
47 Cisco Switchport Configuration Make it a Trunk Enable Trunkfast Can the Native VLAN be used for VMs? Yes, but IF you do, you have 2 options Configure VLAN ID = 0 for the VMs that are going to use the native VLAN (preferred) Configure vlan dot1q tag native on the 6k (not recommended) Do not enable Port Security (see next slide) Make sure that teamed NICs are in the same Layer 2 domain interface GigabitEthernetX/X description <<** VM Port **>> no ip address switchport switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q switchport trunk native vlan <id> switchport trunk allowed vlan xx,yy-zz switchport mode trunk switchport nonegotiate no cdp enable spanning-tree portfast trunk! Provide a Redundant Layer 2 path Typically: SC, VMKernel, VM Production 47
48 Port Security and VMware Incompatible /partner/products/hw/switches /ps5023 / products_configuration_guide _chapter09186a00808b0210.ht ml#wp STACK-top-R1(config -if)#switchport port-security maximum <number> vlan <vlan_number> How many MACs do you have to count? SC, SC iscsi, VMKernel, VMotion = MAC per VM + BIA MAC maximum 5, violation restrict If a MAC moves (i.e. Vmotion migration or NIC Teaming) 3750-STACK-top-R1# 9w0d: %PORT_SECURITY-2 -PSECURE_VIOLATION: Security violation occurred, caused Port goes down or traffic is dropped 48
49 Configuration with 2 NIC SC, VMKernel, Production share NICs Trunks 802.1q VMNIC1 Port-Group 1 NIC teaming Active/Active vswitch 0 Port-Group 2 VMNIC q: Production VLANs, Service Console, VM Kernel ESX Server Port-Group 3 Global Active/Active VST VM1 VM2 Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 Active/Standby Vmnic1/vmnic2 Active/Standby Vmnic2/vmnic1 49
50 Configuration with 2 NICs Dedicated NIC to SC, VMKernel, Separate NIC for Production Trunks 802.1q NIC teaming Active/Active 802.1q: Production VLANs, Service Console, VM Kernel ESX Server Global Active/Standby Vmnic1/vmnic2 VST VMNIC1 Port-Group 1 vswitch 0 Port-Group 2 VMNIC2 Port-Group 3 VM1 VM2 Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 Active/Standby Vmnic2/vmnic1 Active/Standby Vmnic2/vmnic1 50
51 Network Attachment (1) root Secondary root Rapid PVST+ Trunkfast BPDU guard 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel No Blocked Port, No Loop Catalyst1 Catalyst q: Production, SC, VMKernel q All NICs are used Traffic distributed On all links VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC1 VMNIC2 vswitch ESX server1 vswitch ESX server 2 51
52 Network Attachment (2) root 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel Secondary root Rapid PVST+ Trunkfast BPDU guard Typical Spanning-Tree V-Shape Topology 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel q All NICs are used Traffic distributed On all links VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC1 VMNIC2 vswitch vswitch ESX server1 ESX server 2 52
53 Configuration with 4 NICs Dedicated NICs for SC and VMKernel Production VLANs VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC3 ESX Server VMNIC4 Active/Active Vmnic1/vmnic2 vswitch Port-Group 1 Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 53
54 Configuration with 4 NICs Dedicated NICs for SC and VMKernel Production VLANs VMNIC1 Dedicated NIC for SC Dedicated NIC for VMKernel Redundant Production VMNIC2 How good is this design? VMs become completely isolated VMNIC3 ESX Server VMNIC4 Isolates Management Access Active/Active Vmnic1/vmnic2 VC cannot control ESX Host If this is part of an HA Cluster VMs are powered down Port-Group 1 vswitch Isolates VMKernel If using Management iscsi this access is the worst is lost Possible failure, iscsi access very complicated is lost To VMotion recover can t from run Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 If this is part of a DRS cluster It prevents automatic migration 54
55 Configuration with 4 NICs Dedicated NICs for SC and VMKernel Production VLANs VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC3 ESX Server VMNIC4 Active/Active Vmnic1/vmnic2 vswitch Port-Group 1 Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 55
56 Configuration with 4 NICs Production VLANs SC, VMKernel VLANs VMNIC1 VMNIC2 VMNIC3 ESX Server VMNIC4 Active/Active Vmnic1/vmnic3 vswitch Port-Group 1 Service Console VM Kernel HBA1 HBA2 Active/Standby Vmnic2/vmnic4 Active/Standby Vmnic4/vmnic2 56
57 Configuration with 4 NICs Redundant SC and VMKernel Connectivity Production VLANs VMNIC1 Redundant Production HA augmented by teaming on Different NIC chipsets SC, VMKernel VLANs VMNIC2 VMNIC3 SC swaps to vmnic4 ESX Server VC can still control Host VMNIC4 Production Traffic goes to vmnic3 Production All links and used Management Go through chipset 2 Dedicated NICs for SC And VMKernel Active/Active Vmnic1/vmnic3 Port-Group 1 vswitch VMKernel Production swaps and Management to vmnic2 Go through chipset1 Production Service Traffic Console VM Kernel Continues on vmnic1 HBA1 HBA2 Active/Standby Vmnic2/vmnic4 Active/Standby Vmnic4/vmnic2 57
58 Network Attachment (1) root Secondary root Rapid PVST+ Trunkfast BPDU guard 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel No Blocked Port, No Loop Catalyst1 Catalyst q: Production 802.1q: SC and VMKernel ESX server1 ESX server 2 vswitch vswitch 58
59 Network Attachment (2) root 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel Secondary root Rapid PVST+ Trunkfast BPDU guard Typical Spanning-Tree V-Shape Topology Catalyst1 Catalyst q: Production q: SC and VMKernel ESX server1 ESX server 2 vswitch vswitch 59
60 How About? root 802.1q: Production, SC, VMKernel Secondary root Trunkfast BPDU guard Typical Spanning-Tree V-Shape Topology Catalyst1 Catalyst q: Production ESX server1 4 5 ESX server q: SC and VMKernel vswitch vswitch 60
61 4 NICs with Etherchannel Clustered switches 802.1q: Production q: SC, VMKernel vswitch vswitch ESX server1 ESX server 2 61
62 VMotion Migration Example Rack1 Rack10 vmnic0 vmnic1 vmnic0 vmnic1 ESX Host 1 ESX Host 2 vswitch vswitch VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4 VM5 VM6 62
63 Network Label and VMotion VMs moving from one ESX server to a different one look for the same Network Label 63
64 VMotion Best Practices Datapoints: Migration only happens within a VM HA/DRS cluster and/or within a datacenter VMotion looks for the Network Label to be available on the Target ESX Host VM MAC doesn t change during the migration Best Practice Make the VMkernel network routed, extend the Layer 2 domain only for the VM production traffic At most the Layer 2 domain needs to encompass ~10-20 machines, set the Layer 2 boundary within the Data center accordingly Enable the option Notify Switch in the vswitch so that target vswitch sends out a RARP to update the mac-forwarding tables 64
65 65
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