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1 Whitepaper: Meraki wireless Title: Meraki MR16 tests Author: Jurgen Vermeulen +32 (491) JUVE Consulting BVBA Roosgrachtlaan 27, B-3400 Landen Tel.: +32 (491)

2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION TEST SETUP FIREWALL MERAKI ACCESS POINT LOCAL NETWORK VPN CONCENTRATOR TESTING EQUIPMENT TEST CONFIGURATION BRIDGED NETWORK NAT NETWORK TUNNELLED NETWORK (CONCENTRATOR) TEST RESULTS PERFORMANCE BRIDGED NETWORK NAT NETWORK TUNNELLED NETWORK BAND: 2,4 GHZ VS 5 GHZ LOGON FEATURES SPLASH PAGE FACEBOOK CHECK-IN BILLING ACCESS SECURITY L3 FIREWALLING CONTENT FILTERING REPORTING USAGE REPORTING TRAFFIC ANALYTICS LOCATION ANALYTICS MOBILE APP SYSLOG & SNMP CONCLUSION /07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page i

3 Table of Contents 6 MORE INFORMATION /07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page ii

4 Introduction 1 Introduction Meraki (now part of Cisco) have a large series of network devices using centralized cloud management. I ll go through some performance tests using the AP I received (the MR16), as well as have a look at the features and possibilities you have when rolling out a Meraki environment. This document will focus on the wireless networking equipment. There s also other equipment going from switches to firewalls and a Mobile Device Management (MDM) solution which will not be discussed here. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 1

5 Test setup 2 Test setup 2.1 Firewall For connectivity to Internet, a Juniper SRX210 firewall is being used. For testing purposes, it is only configured as a packet filter, no UTM is being performed. 2.2 Meraki access point For this test, I used a Meraki MR16 Access Point. The main specs are: - Dual radio n. - Internal antenna s - POE capable - 1 Gbps connection A mounting bracket is provided in the package, as well as a power adapter (optional). Since I use a POE capable switch, I have the AP powered by the switch. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 2

6 Test setup 2.3 Local network The LAN network is built on TP-LINK smart managed switches. Both the access point and Juniper SRX210 firewall are connected to a TP-Link SG2424P switch on gigabit speed. 2.4 VPN Concentrator In order to test the Concentrator feature, a Virtual concentrator has been installed on a VMWare ESXi5.5 platform in a shared hosting centre. 2.5 Testing equipment The following equipment was used during the tests: - Samsung galaxy tab inch - Samsung series 5 laptop (Win8.1 pro 64 bit) - Desktop computer (Win7 pro 64 bit) - Wi-Fi speed test: android application to test your network speed. Server executable installed on the Win7 machines. - Kodi - iperf 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 3

7 Test configuration 3 Test configuration 3.1 Bridged network The first network I ve setup is a standard bridged network. When you connect to the SSID, you receive an IP address in the same network as the Meraki AP. The AP simply bridges traffic to the wired network, without further action. For initial testing security is turned off. This will be turned on later to check for performance differences. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 4

8 Test configuration 3.2 NAT network The second network I ve setup is a NAT network. In this setup you receive an IP address from the AP and hide NAT is performed when accessing the network. Inter-client communication is blocked whenever possible on the wireless network. This setup allows blocking of adult content by default, or the use of custom DNS servers. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 5

9 Test configuration 3.3 Tunnelled network (concentrator) The last SSID that is configured is a network being tunnelled to a central concentrator. This is basically a CAPWAP tunnel, where all traffic from clients is sent to a central VM, which puts it on the LAN. This is useful for guest access or remote locations, where you want to have some form of central policy enforcement. For testing I ll be using a full tunnel, but it is possible to exclude certain traffic from being tunnelled (i.e. local segment,...). 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 6

10 Test configuration The VPN concentrator is located in a remote data centre, where it is behind a pfsense firewall. As with any Meraki equipment, it will connect automatically to the cloud controller to get its configuration. On your dashboard, you crate a concentrator network, where you can change how access points connect to the concentrator. Automatic should work in most cases, but I ve manually forwarded traffic to a public IP and port, that are translated to the concentrator VM. Another thing to keep in mind is that you need to enable promiscuous mode on your VM network to make the setup function. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 7

11 Test results 4 Test results 4.1 Performance Performance was tested using speed test and FTP file transfers, to see how much throughput we can achieve. The first test is done without using encryption, a second test is performed using WPA2 encryption Bridged network Without encryption enabled, the AP can easily handle the throughput of a standard Internet connection. I was however unable to reach the advertised 600 megabit throughput, even when nearby the AP. On average, I was able to get between 140 and 150 Mbps. Using WPA2, transfer speed slightly dropped, but an average rate of 140 Mbps was still possible. Figure 1: Speed test without encryption Figure 2: FTP without encryption 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 8

12 Test results Figure 3: Speed test with WPA2 enabled Figure 4: FTP with WPA2 enabled NAT network Once NAT is enabled, you notice it takes processing power on the AP. As a result, transfer speed drops. It also becomes clear that the Internet speed test isn t that much of a reliable source. While it is still possible to transfer around 100 Mbps, the speed test stops at 90 Mbps. Enabling WPA2 gives the same result as experienced on the bridged network, a drop of around 4 Mbps. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 9

13 Test results Figure 5: Speed test without encryption Figure 6: FTP without encryption 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 10

14 Test results Figure 7: Speed test with WPA2 enabled Figure 8: FTP with WPA2 enabled Tunnelled network When tunnelling all traffic to a VM Concentrator, speeds drop to 20 Mbps upstream and downstream. This is due to the fact that all traffic is sent across the Internet towards the concentrator: 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 11

15 Test results Figure 9: Speed test tunnelled using WPA2 Since the limiting factor here is my Internet connection, I tried a setup using the VM concentrator on a second subnet on the LAN, using the private IP as public address to connect to for the AP. Although this setup works, and a connection to the concentrator is made on the internal IP, traffic is still being sent over the cloud, resulting in the same performance figures: 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 12

16 Test results Figure 10: Speed test tunnelled using WPA2 and LAN concentrator Notice the ISP changed to Telenet again, it really is a different VM. I also tried the FTP session again. Both client and server are on the same network, only the client is connected using wireless: Figure 11:FTP tunnelled using WPA2 and LAN concentrator Band: 2,4 GHz vs 5 GHz All previous results are obtained by using the 5 GHz band. When 2,4 GHz is used, transfer speeds drop to around Mbps in bridged mode, which is in line of other professional equipment. The biggest performance impact will be other access points in the vicinity. It is crucial to plan your channel mappings in such a way that you will have the least amount of interference. Internally on 1 network, the different Aps can be modified by the cloud controller, but in an area with lots of residential users some manual tweaking can have a big impact on performance. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 13

17 Test results 4.2 Logon features Splash page You can use a splash page to display your Terms Of Service or to ask a user for his login credentials. You can use a built-in Meraki authentication server, or connect to you RADIUS/LDAP/AD/... backend. As an alternative, you can configure oauth to allow all or some Google domains to use your network. SMS can also be used, but requires a paid subscription. Finally, you can create a SSID reserved only for managed endpoints Facebook check-in One of the options to make your users logon without the need for provisioning is by making them sign in to your Facebook page. This is easy for end users and your Facebook page can be the automatic starting point for their Internet access, which increases your online visibility and provides ways to communicate promotions to users. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 14

18 Test results Billing access If you want to charge your users for access, you can create a SSID with a billing plan attached to it. You can have a limited free access if desired, and can simply enter the different options and their pricing in several currencies. When users connect, they are redirected to a splash page for login & billing. There are 2 options to setup billing: Use pre-paid codes/vouchers. These can be generated from the Dashboard in batches and downloaded as CSV files, so you can print and distribute them. The advantage here is that no handling fees will be charged by Meraki, as their payment network isn t used. The second option is to allow for payment by credit card. This uses the Meraki payment network. Users choose a plan, pay by credit card and receive access. They receive a login that they can use on every Meraki-enabled network. As system administrator, you only need a PayPal account to receive funds generated by users. Beware there is a transaction fee of 20% that goes to Meraki, in return for handling the payments. You will receive payment once a month after more than 20$ was earned (excluding handling fee). You can follow-up on payments on the dashboard. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 15

19 Test results 4.3 Security L3 Firewalling You can create standard L3 firewall rules to restrict access to the network. It is basic but functional Content filtering Some basic content filtering options are available. You need to keep in mind that these are not fullfledged URL databases. The most common options are there, but don t expect local sites to be in the data base. Next to these options, there is a possibility to block adult content on SSID level. This does block some common web sites and streaming services, but even common websites like hustler.com aren t blocked by this option, which is a shame. If there is 1 category that should be fully available for blocking, it should be adult content. In general, when performing content filtering, put the AP behind a firewall, either locally or by using a VM concentrator network (or Meraki firewall solution). 4.4 Reporting Usage reporting A summary report is available online and can be mailed on scheduled intervals. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 16

20 Test results From here, you can dig deeper into AP usage, clients, 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 17

21 Test results Traffic analytics Traffic analytics show you more about what kind of traffic was passing over your infrastructure Location analytics You have a basic overview on some statistics collected by your access point on the dashboard. Proximity You can see how many wireless devices passed by, visited your business and how many of those devices connected to the network. A passer-by is someone who passed by with a wireless device in range of the AP, but wasn t in range for a long time. A visitor is a wireless device that remains in range of the AP for a longer period of time. This can be a customer looking at the displayed goods, 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 18

22 Test results someone having a drink, The connected users are actually successfully connected to one of the available SSIDs. Engagement Engagement gives an overview on the duration of a visit. Each visitor s longest stay is recorded and added to the graph. Loyalty Loyalty allows you to see how often visitors come by your network. While the identities of these visitors are anonymous, you can compare the amount of each type of visitors. For example, you can track the days and hours during which you have more first timers than loyal customers. Next to the graphs, an API is available that can send the raw data to a web server of your choice, where you can feed it into data correlation software Mobile app A mobile app is available for installation on your tablet or phone. You get an overview of the reports and can do some basic actions like enabling and disabling SSIDs Syslog & snmp You can have your devices send syslog messages to a server, but it depends on your setup how easy it is to accomplish your goal. In some cases, you would be routing your syslog in clear text over the Internet, which is not really what you want, but in most cases it should be fine. SNMP access can be enabled to the AP s and to the central controller. A download link for the MIB is available on the Dashboard. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 19

23 Conclusion 5 Conclusion The Meraki access points can be easily managed through the central dashboard and deliver good performance, even when using the low-range models. You get a lot of features and reporting options for free, with new features being added on a regular basis. From a management perspective, this is an ideal solution for companies low on resources. You don t need to worry about any firmware upgrades, everything an be automatically handled by the Cloud. The controllers are always up to date, as well as your access points. The dashboard is very user friendly and works smoothly. License management is easy and transparent. The location analytics provide a basic view on customer behaviour and when placing your Aps wisely you can derive some useful statistics. From a security point of view, some aspects should be considered when building a Meraki wireless network: When your license expires, your hardware stops working. It s not possible to keep using the AP without active license and support until it breaks down. When using a VM concentrator, all data is sent over the Cloud first, no matter which option you choose. The free Layer 7 firewall/categories are very limited. It is a Cloud service, so expect your data to pass over the Cloud, which can have an impact on local regulations. Some options would be great if they got implemented: Tunnel AP traffic to your central concentrator directly over your own network to reduce overhead. Better web filtering integration or warnings about the limited capabilities. 26/07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 20

24 More information 6 More information For more information, a live demo or quote, don t hesitate to contact us: JUVE Consulting Jurgen Vermeulen Jurgen@juve-consulting.be +32 (491) /07/2015, V 1.0 <public> Page 21

+32 (491)

+32 (491) Whitepaper: Cisco Meraki Title: Setup wireless guest access Author: Jurgen Vermeulen Jurgen@juve-consulting.be +32 (491) 56.35.96 JUVE Consulting BVBA Roosgrachtlaan 27, B-3400 Landen Tel.: +32 (491) 56.35.96

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