Handong Global University Evolution of Communication. Technology & Its Impact on Business (New Tech Seminar) Global EDISON Academy. Prof.
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1 Handong Global University Evolution of Communication Technology & Its Impact on Business (New Tech Seminar) Prof. Gihong Kim Global EDISON Academy
2 Evolution of Technology Power: Coal Energy > Steam Energy > Electrical Energy > IT Means of Communication: Courier > Light/smoke > Wire > Radio Wave Purpose of Communication: Emergency > Information transfer > Virtual reality Technology: Communication Technology > Information Technology > Cyber Technology Current communication media: wireline and wireless 2
3 Evolution of Technology Electricity: Basis for most other technological development; e.g., semi-conductor, nanotechnology, bio and generic engineering, Method of Negotiation also evolved along with the technologies 3
4 Invention of Steam Engine 4
5 Steam Engine before Invention of Electricity 5
6 Steam Engine before Invention of Electricity 6
7 Invention of Electric Motors 7
8 Electric Motors 8
9 Electric Motors 9
10 Past Century Light House 10
11 Past-Century Light House Design How do you light up 500 lux lamp that transmits at least 25 miles and turn it on and off in synchronous to a clock? 11
12 Fresnel Lens 12
13 2 nd Order Fresnel Lens 13
14 Fresnel Lens 14
15 Past-Century Light House 15
16 Fog Horn 16
17 Three-Family Job Refilling whale oil every 4 hours during the night Winding up 25-lb weight every 4 hours during the night Cleaning the lamp hood and lens in the day time Shoveling coal for the coal boiler for the fog horn 24-hours a day during foggy days A three-shift job, needing 3 families 17
18 Modern Light House Doesn t need any of the old stuff and unmanned All thanks to the electricity that supplies light, heat and motion energy only through a pair of wire!! Electricity also allows transmission, storage and processing of Information >> IT industry that did not exist before 18
19 Evolution of Technology Electricity is basis for most other technologies; e.g., semi-conductor, nano, bio, generic,. 19
20 Evolution of Technology Abacus 20
21 Evolution of Technology Abacus 21
22 Evolution of Technology Addiator 22
23 Evolution of Technology AddoMod9 23
24 Evolution of Technology Burroughs 24
25 Evolution of Technology Madas 25
26 Evolution of Technology Marchant8CM 26
27 Evolution of Technology Muldivo10_1_b.jpg 27
28 Evolution of Technology Sumlock993s About $
29 Evolution of Technology Sumlock993s 29
30 Evolution of Technology Curta 30
31 Evolution of Technology Wang Labs About $
32 Evolution of Technology Electronic Calculator About $30 32
33 Evolution of Technology First Scientific Calculator HP39 About $400 33
34 Evolution of Technology Coal Energy > Steam Energy > Electrical Energy > IT Motion, Heat, Light, Information transfer Communication tech. wire and wireless Information Technology > Cyber Technology Electricity is baisis for most of other technology development; e.g., semi-conductor, nano, bio, generic,. 34
35 Manual SW Automated SW Digital Age Internet Age Wireless Age (?) Internet Age 35
36 Evolution to the Internet Age Manual switch & one person per wire pair Automated switch & many people per wire pair or medium Digital Age Internet Age Wireless Age (Portability, Ubiquity) 36
37 Abacus 37
38 Evolution of Calculator 38
39 Evolution of Calculator Addiator 39
40 Evolution of Calculator Burroughs 40
41 Evolution of Calculator Madas 41
42 Evolution of Calculator Curta 42
43 Evolution of Calculator Marchant Around $2000 in
44 Evolution of Calculator Wang Lab Scientific Calculator Around $2000 in
45 Evolution of Calculator Electronic Calculator Around $80 in
46 Evolution of Calculator HP 35 First Hand-held Scientific Calculator $395 in
47 Evolution of Calculator HP 9830A Calculator/Computer 47
48 Evolution of Calculator First Apple Computer Apple II 48
49 Invention of Telephone Telephone set (terminal) 2-wire line (Wire pair) Telephone set (terminal) Twisted Pair 49
50 Invention of a telephone 50
51 Invention of the phone 51
52 First Commercial Phone 52
53 Communication Circuit Telephone set Telephone set circuit (wire pair) 53
54 Point-to-point connections One can talk only to one other person w/o many phones and lines. 54
55 Limitation of one-on-one connection 55 One-on-one connection is unmanageable.
56 Invention of a switch box 56 One-on-one connection is unmanageable.
57 Switch Box 57
58 Invention of a Switch 3x3 Switch 58
59 Early Switch 59
60 Expansion of the Switch 60 Subscriber Lines Trunks Switch Switch Line: Serves only one customer Trunks: Shared among customers
61 Improved Manual Switch 150-line switch board 61
62 Operator Lady 62
63 Talk battery in the phone box Talk batter box 63
64 Common talk batteries Located in the switching office Do you know why the phone works even when you have power outage? 64
65 Multi-level switches Subscriber Lines Local SW Trunks Toll SW 65
66 Row of manual switch board 66
67 Toll Switch Operators 67
68 68 Class 3 SW.. Korean Network 3 Levels Class 2 SW.. Class 3 SW Class 2 SW Class 1 SW US: 5 levels
69 Invention of dial-pulse telephone 69
70 Automatic step by step switch Stepping relay, Strowger switch. Each box serves about 10 customers 70
71 Crossbar switch, the work horse for long time 71
72 Invention of Carrier Multiplexer (Mux) or Carrier (Cxr) allows one pair wire to carry many customer signals: Frequency Division Multiplexer (FDM): Different messages use different frequency bands within the same wire pair (A, L, N Carriers) Time Division Multiplexer (TDM): Different digital signals use different time segments within the same wire pair (D, T Carriers) 72
73 One pair wire/customer connection... Each Customer needs one wire pair 73
74 Wire Congestion 74
75 Open Wire Poles 75
76 Line man 76
77 Carrier allows sharing a wire pair among many customers Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Mux/Demux 77 Mux/Demux Carrier Wire Pair Carrier
78 Transmission System Multiplexer (Mux) Demultiplexer (DeMux) Line 1 Carrier line Line 1 Line 2 Line n 78 Line 2 Line n
79 Multiplex Share the same facility among many users Bundle many messages into one signal and separate out to the original signals at the destination Space Division, Frequency Division, Time Division, Code Division, Analog, Digital, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Statistical Mux, Multiplexer technology made the communication service inexpensive 79
80 FDM TDM frequency frequency Circuit Switching: FDM and TDM Example: 4 users time time 80
81 C-Carrier System All Alphabets are used. Starting from Letter A, Famous carriers: A Carrier, C Carrier, D Carrier, L Carrier, N Carrier, P Carrier, T Carrier, C-Carrier was used until
82 Expansion of the Switches SW Switch Switch 82 Subscriber Lines Trunk SW.. Line: Serves only one customer Trunks: Shared among customers
83 Carrier (Multiplexer, Mux) used for trunks to save wires Line Carrier (Mux) SW SW Switch Switch Medium Many Circuits Line: Serves only one customer Carrier: Allows many Customers to share one-pair wire 83
84 Trunk Carrier SW Carrier Mux SW Carrier Mux The switch aggregates the traffic, carrier multiplexes the traffic. 84
85 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Class 4 SW Class 5 SW Local Loop Less than 18 kft (Toll SW) (Local SW) SW Class 3 SW Trunks Toll Trunks Toll Trunks SW.. Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) SW Up to 100K lines Per switch Switches of switches SW 85
86 Modern computer controlled switch 86
87 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) Class 4 SW SW.. 87 Customer Premises Class 5 SW (Toll SW) Class 3 SW Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) (Local SW) Trunks Toll Trunks Toll Trunks SW SW Switches of switches SW Local Access
88 Network and CPE Network.. 88 Customer Premises SW Class 4 SW Class 5 SW Class 3 SW Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) (Toll SW) (Local SW) Trunks Toll Trunks Toll Trunks SW SW Switches of switches SW Local Access
89 Local and long-distance Companies Interexchange Carrier (IXC) Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) Customer Premises Class 5 SW Local Access Class 4 SW (Local SW) (Toll SW) SW Class 3 SW Trunks Toll Trunks Toll Trunks SW.. Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) SW Switches of switches SW 89
90 Local and Inter Exchange Carrier Networks Customers LXCs IXCs 90
91 Point of Presence (PoP) and Equal Access LXC1 LXC1 IXC1 LXC2 IXC2 LXC3 Point of Presence (POP) 91
92 Evolution of the service using the Network Architecture Limitation of customer access for IXCs Equal access for all different IXCs Deregulation of the local service Introduce competition in the local service LXCs are allowed to get into enhanced services that threatened their voice service Appearance of the Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC) to compete with the LXCs Renting of the local access to the CLECs 92
93 Basic Elements of a Network Major Network elements: Nodes (switch) Links (transmission system) 93
94 Elements of the Telephone Network Nodes (switches) Links (lines and trunks) Local Access CPE (terminals) Protocols and rules for connection and routing (Least cost routing, least delay routing, hierarchical routing, ) Signaling nodes 94
95 Circuit and Packet Switching Circuit switching: dedicated circuit per call: telephone net Packet-switching: data sent thru net in discrete chunks 95
96 Internet originally started to carry data only Company 1 Internet Company 2 by interconnecting company LANs 96
97 Internet is a network of networks Customers regional ISP local ISP local LAN company network server workstation mobile router 97
98 Internet transfers messages as packets Connection-oriented service TCP - Transmission Control Protocol [RFC 793] Connection-oriented service Reliable Flow control Congestion control: Handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time loss: acknowledgements and retransmissions reliable, in-order bytestream data transfer App s using TCP: HTTP (Web), FTP (file transfer), Telnet (remote login), SMTP ( ) 98
99 Internet Connectionless Service UDP - User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768]: Connectionless service Unreliable data transfer No flow control No congestion control App s using UDP: Streaming media, Teleconferencing, DNS, Internet telephony (VoIP) 99
100 Internet structure: network of networks A packet passes through many networks like the PSTN local ISP Tier 3 ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP Tier 1 ISP local ISP Tier-2 ISP NAP local ISP local ISP Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP local ISP Tier-2 ISP local ISP 100
101 Internet access Business access and residential access Has been the bottle neck for new service capability for Internet Continually evolving as the technology and service evolve Arena where incumbent and new service providers have been battling and will remain to be Arena where existing service providers have had advantages 101
102 Residential access: Dialup Modem Dialup via modem First widely available access method Send data on the voice PSTN as an audio signal up to 56K/ps direct access to router (often less) can t surf and phone at same time: can t be always on very costly for measured service 102
103 Residential access: ADSL ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line up to 1 Mb/s upstream (today typically < 256 kb/s) up to 8 Mb/s downstream (today typically < 1 Mb/s) Short range: only 3.7Km (12kft) 50 khz to 1 MHz: down stream 4 khz - 50 khz: upstream 0 khz - 4 khz: POTS VDSL(Very high-speed DSL): New technology, Internet only, several MB/s upstream, 25 MB/s downstream, short range of about 2 Km 103
104 Residential access: Cable modems HFC: hybrid fiber coax Asymmetric: up to 30Mb/s downstream, 2 Mb/s upstream using empty video channels using 64 QAM Network of cable and fiber attaches homes to ISP router Homes share access to network router Deployment: available via cable TV companies Bonanza for cable companies Triple play: TV, Internet, telephone via VoIP Major competitor to Internet access service provided by telephone companies 104
105 Cable Network Architecture: Overview Typically 500 to 5,000 homes cable headend cable distribution network (simplified) home 105
106 106 Cable Network Architecture: Overview home cable headend cable distribution network Channels V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O V I D E O D A T A D A T A C O N T R O L FDM:
107 l Residential access: FTTH Fiber to the Homes PON 107
108 Company access: local area networks Company/Univ local area network (LAN) connects end systems to edge router Ethernet: Shared or dedicated link connects end system and router 10 Mb/s, 100Mb/s, Gigabit Ethernet To the network 10 BaseT, 100 BaseT on UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) 108
109 Home/small business networks Typical home/soho network components: ADSL or cable modem to ISP router/firewall/nat Ethernet wireless access point to/from cable headend cable modem router/ firewall Ethernet wireless access point wireless laptops 109
110 Wireless access networks Shared wireless access network connects end system to router via base station aka access point wireless LANs: b (Wi-Fi): 11 Mb/s (Wireless Fixed) g (Wi-Fi): 54 Mb/s wider-area wireless access provided by telcos, service providers 3G ~ 384 kb/s WAP/GPRS in Europe recently, WiMax, WiBro router base station To the network mobile hosts 110
111 Radio Media for Internet access Radio link types: Terrestrial microwave e.g., up to 45 Mb/s channels WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi) and Hot Spot service 11, 54Mb/s Wide-area (e.g., cellular) e.g., 3G: hundreds of kb/s Satellite up to 50Mb/s channel (or multiple smaller channels) 270 msec end-end delay geosynchronous versus low altitude 111
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