Introduction to a Typical PC. Freedom High School
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1 Introduction to a Typical PC Freedom High School
2 A Day in the Life of a Student
3 A Day in the Life of a Student Wake up using a digital alarm clock Utilize handheld-vibrating electric toothbrush Check , Instant Message, Facebook, News, Sports, Weather (all at same time!) Play video games & watch digitally recorded television Text message classmate about last night s homework Walk to class listening to MP3 player
4 Objectives Role of computers What a computer is Describe computer data Identify major computer components Describe power on sequence Component interaction Common prefixes associated with computers What is electrostatic discharge
5 The Role of Computers Found in every aspect of our lives Banks, Wall Street, military aircraft, automobiles, televisions, home appliances, etc., etc. Can seem intimidating Can be overcome by understanding the INTERACTION between hardware, software; grasping different operating systems; recognizing upgrade / compatibility issues
6 Digital Electronics Digital Simple switch, two states on or off Analog Dimmer switch, infinite range of values A computer is constructed of very complex digital circuits A PC technician only replaces the module, not repairing the digital circuits
7 What is a Computer Fantastic piece of engineering technology Assembly of electronic modules that interact with computer programs (software) to create, modify, transmit, store and display data
8 What is Data? Text, sound, or pictures
9 Digital Signal Represented by 1s and 0s 1s/highs are +5 volts 0s/lows are 0 volts
10 Computer Data Codes Binary Number Base 2 1s and 0s Perfect for digital representation Hexadecimal Number Base 16 0 through 9 plus A through F Best match for hardware systems
11 American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) First attempt for standardization Has limitations Extended character set is unique with certain systems No provision for common requirements of word-processing Bold Underline Italic Etcetera.
12 Bits, Bytes, Words Basic computer units Bit Binary Digit A single binary unit (1 or 0) Byte Eight Bits Word Typical amount of bytes a computer can process at one time
13 Serial and Parallel Data Transfer Serial Data is transferred one bit at a time Parallel Data is transferred more than one bit at a time side by side Serial is a one lane road Parallel is a freeway
14 Outside the Box Peripherals Optional equipment to input data or display (output) data Input Scanner/Camera Touch screen monitor Wireless devices (keyboard/mouse) Output Monitor Printer Speaker
15 Exterior Connections
16 DIN and mini-din
17 D-shell Connectors
18 D-shell Connectors DB25 male DE9 female
19 RJ Connectors
20 Firewire / Universal Serial Bus
21 Firewire / Universal Serial Bus Firewire Universal Serial Bus
22 Inside the Typical PC A typical Personal Computer (PC) system unit includes Power Supply, several electronic equipments (Hardware), Disk Drives, and some type of ports for peripheral interface.
23 Power Supply Metal box Usually in a corner No power supply inert box of plastic and metal Converts AC (120 volts) to DC (3.3, 5, 12) Powers electronic circuits, drives, motors and cooling fans
24 Motherboard Main circuit board Synchronizes transfer of data Between CPU, RAM, HDD, I/O devices
25 Motherboard
26 Motherboard Components CPU RAM ROM BIOS Data Bus Expansion Slots ISA, PCI, AGP IDE Ports/Cables Parallel Port Serial Port(s) USB Port(s) Firewire Port S-Video Disk Drives HD, FD, CD, Flash
27 Acronyms IDE Integrated Drive Electronics used primarily for hard drives and optical drives ISA Industry Standard Architecture I/O bus standard for IBM-compatible PC motherboards
28 Acronyms PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect industry standard bus for attaching peripherals AGP Accelerated Graphics Port high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphics card to a motherboard
29 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Microprocessor executes machine instructions that tell the processor what to do Using the Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) performs mathematical operations Move data from one memory location to another Make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions
30 CPU
31 Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is the easiest way to improve computer performance Also known as primary memory or main memory Free of programs and data when computer is booted Information only stored while the computer is on. Volatile
32 RAM Module (1 GB DDR266)
33 Read Only Memory (ROM) Used when programs/data must survive when power is off Data will remain unchanged the next time they system is powered up Examples ROM Chip CD / DVD Flash Drives
34 ROM Examples
35 Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Originally permanently etched into a ROM chip Today stored on Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Can be referred to as Flash ROM
36 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) Sealed box Data stores as magnetic impulses Data transferred via data cable connected to the motherboard
37 Expansion Cards ISA Industry Standard Architecture Outmoded PCI Peripheral Components Interface Several Variations (PCIe, PCI-X, etc.) AGP Accelerated Graphics Port Exclusively for the video card
38 Cooling Fans Creates air flow Electronic equipment can be damaged by excessive heat
39 Cables Many types are used inside Flat cables can carry data and power Large volumes of electrical power require separate cables from power supply
40 Putting It All Together Turn on the computer Power supply steps the power down AC to lower voltage DC Fan starts blowing cooler air across components BIOS is activated POST is performed OS now takes control
41 Putting It All Together CPU waits for input from mouse, keyboard, modem, or other input device Checking in for work several thousand times per second Mouse pointer is moved to an icon Mouse is clicked to activate desired program
42 Putting It All Together Word processor is started Program (software) now shares control of computer with CPU Some typing is done Save command is activated Program attempts to save to disk OS takes over with BIOS Translates between program and BIOS
43 Putting It All Together BIOS then translates for the disk system Disk motor and actuator arm are activated OS and BIOS work together to transfer data to disk Control is returned to program User is oblivious to how program, OS, BIOS have worked together
44 More Acronyms IC Integrated Circuit aka CHIP Modern computer technology would not be possible without the integrated circuit ESD Electrostatic Discharge Transfer of static electricity from one point (object) to another
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