Operating System Virtualization: Practice and Experience
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1 Operating System Virtualization: Practice and Experience Oren Laadan and Jason Nieh Columbia University SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 1 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 1 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
2 Virtualization All problems in computer science can be solved with another layer of indirection -- (attributed to) David Wheeler SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 2 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 2 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
3 Virtualization - Why Computers are faster, cheaper, more connected (Re)Emerged to address management complexity and security hazards Provides isolation and mobility consolidation, security fault tolerance, load balancing, availability SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 3 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 3 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
4 Virtualization - Where Hardware or Operation system? HW: decouple entire operating system OS: decouple individual applications SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 4 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 4 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
5 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 5 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 5 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
6 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? BSD Jail host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 6 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 6 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
7 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? BSD jail virtual memory host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 7 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 7 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
8 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? Solaris zones BSD Jail virtual memory host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 8 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 8 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
9 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? Solaris zones Zap BSD Jail virtual memory host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 9 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 9 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
10 OS Virtualization - Taxonomy complete? Solaris zones Zap BSD Jail virtual memory host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 10 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 10 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
11 Virtual Private Namespace Virtual Execution Environment (VEE) Virtualization Layer Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 11 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 11
12 Private Namespace VEE #1 VEE #2 VEE #n Virtualization Layer Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 12 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 12
13 Virtual Namespace VEE getpid()? Virtualization Layer Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 13 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 13
14 Virtual Namespace VEE getpid()? Virtualization Layer Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 14 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 14
15 Virtual Namespace VEE getpid()? Virtualization Layer Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 15 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 15
16 Virtual Namespace VEE getpid()? Kernel: 4150 (real) Virtualization Layer 4150 Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 16 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 16
17 Virtual Namespace VEE getpid()? 305 Kernel: 4150 (real) VEE: 305 (virtual) Virtualization Layer 4150 Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 17 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 17
18 OS Virtualization - Where Interposition user-level process tracing in-kernel SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 18 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 18 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
19 The Virtual Diner... SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 19 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 19
20 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 20 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 20
21 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? I'd like OS virtualization, please SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 21 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 21
22 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? I'd like OS virtualization, please Complete? Host independent? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 22 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 22
23 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? I'd like OS virtualization, please Complete? Host independent? I'll have host independent, and add complete on the side. SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 23 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 23
24 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? I'd like OS virtualization, please Complete? Host independent? I'll have host independent, and add complete on the side. Userspace or in-kernel? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 24 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 24
25 The Virtual Diner... HW or OS? I'd like OS virtualization, please Complete? Host independent? I'll have host independent, and add complete on the side. Userspace or in-kernel? can I have it as a kernel module? SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 25 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 25 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
26 Virtualization All problems in computer science can be solved with another layer of indirection but that usually will create another problem. -- (attributed to) David Wheeler SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 26 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 26
27 Virtualization - Challenges Performance overhead Race conditions SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 27 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 27 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
28 Interposition Revisited VEE getpid()? 305 Kernel: 4150 (real) VEE: 305 (virtual) Virtualization Layer 4150 Operating System Hardware SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 28 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 28
29 Race Conditions syscall wrapper translate virtual physical (1) invoke kernel system call translate physical virtual (2) SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 29 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 29
30 Race Conditions syscall wrapper translate virtual physical invoke kernel system call translate physical virtual (1) (2) Wrapper preamble (1), epilogue (2) Initialization, deletion, re-use SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 30 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 30
31 PID Races - reuse Process A Process B Process C pid 100/vpid 400 pid 110/vpid 420 SYS_GETPGID(420) virt2phys(420) 110 getpgid(110) 110 phys2virt(110) 655 SYS_EXIT(0) exited CREATED pid=110 vpid=655 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 31 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 31 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
32 PID Races - init Parent Child pid 100/vpid 400 SYS_FORK() fork() pid = 110 CREATED pid = 110 SYS_GETPID() getpid() 110 phys2virt(110) undefined vpid = 420 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 32 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 32 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
33 IPC Races - reuse Process A Process B Process C SYS_MSGSND(55,...) virt2phys(55) 10 SYS_MSGCTL(55, IPC_RMID) virt2phys(55) 10 ipcrm(55, 10) deleted SYS_MSGGET(...) 10 vpid=655 msgsnd(10,...) illegal SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 33 orenl@cs.columbia.edu SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 33 orenl@cs.columbia.edu
34 Experimental Evaluation Micro benchmarks overhead on select system calls Macro benchmarks overhead on select applications Scalability multiple VEEs running concurrently SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 34 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 34
35 Micro-benchmark Runtime overhead is low SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 35 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 35
36 Macro-benchmark Runtime overhead is lower SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 36 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 36
37 Scaling-benchmark excellent scalability SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 37 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 37
38 Experience Application checkpoint-restart (Zap) guarantee same environment at restart Application record-replay (Scribe) guarantee same environment at replay SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 38 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 38
39 Conclusions OS Virtualization useful but challenging Virtualization via interposition address race conditions meet performance needs SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 39 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 39
40 Conclusions OS Virtualization useful but challenging Virtualization via interposition address race conditions meet performance needs Thank You! SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 40 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 40
41 Virtualization How Decouple execution from underlying environment execution should exhibit effect identical to un-virtualized system dominant part of the execution should be direct SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 41 SYSTOR 2010, Haifa, Israel 41
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