DECT ULTRA LOW ENERGY (ULE) Technology Overview The ETSI Approach to a Mid-range Wireless Technology for IoT

Transcription

1 DECT ULTRA LOW ENERGY (ULE) Technology Overview The ETSI Approach to a Mid-range Wireless Technology for IoT Angel Bóveda CEO, Wireless Partners S.L. ETSI Board member, co-leader of the IoT strategic group ETSI M2M Workshop December 2015 ETSI All rights reserved

2 DECT ULE at a glance What is DECT ULE? DECT ULE is a mid-range low power consumption technology intended for battery or line powered home and industrial automation devices Developed by the ETSI Technical Committee DECT, and built on top of DECT technology, addresses a completely different market Different players, different distribution channels Specifically designed for the application It is not a minor adaptation of DECT Reuses the DECT physical layer, DECT spectrum and DECT channel structure Significantly different MAC layer, channel selection and security algorithms Operates over license exempt high-quality spectrum ( MHz) Range 70 m (NLOS) >500 m (LOS) (= std DECT range) 2

3 DECT ULE at a glance Market positioning and value proposition Objective: Optimal combination of power consumption and range best in town for the specified coverage range (70m 500m) Specifically designed for optimal coverage of Homes and Industry premises. Can also be used in Personal Area Networks due to low power consumption Compatibility with voice DECT and Home Gataways Complete reuse of radio chipset in Base Stations and Home Gateways Size of DECT technology: 100 M of devices / year DECT radios will be a commodity in European Home Gateways I.e. Livebox (Orange- France), Fritzbox (Germany) 3

4 4 DECT ULE Technology Overview

5 ULE Technical overview: MAC layer (I) ULE Technical overview: MAC layer 5 1) Re-uses DECT spectrum and channel structure Technology compatible with DECT voice services (GAP or NG-DECT) Expected to coexist with them in base stations 2) Re-uses Physical layer and lower MAC Availability of low cost radio parts from the beginning 3) New MAC layer specific of ULE New MAC messages and ultra-fast expedited procedures allowing combined transmission of signaling and U-plane data in the same packets 4) MAC protected operation with fast ARQ Provides reliable transmission at MAC layer and protects the integrity of the transmission 5) Reverse channel selection strategy (compared to DECT) Complete re-design of Channel Selection Algorithms The master of channel selection will now be the Fixed Part

6 ULE Technical overview: MAC layer (II) 6) New ULE pilot bearer using the B-field of current dummy bearer(s). This field is currently unused, therefore, no additional slots spent - Contains the following new sub-channels Aids for fast re-synchronization General static broadcast information Channel selection information Dedicated ULE paging channels Connectionless downlink channels (multicast) 7) New unlocked strategy PP may enter in deep sleep state between activity cycles with near all circuits switched off (with loss of synchronization to the base ) 8) New U-plane multicast C/L channels 9) New Management algorithms for handling access collisions 6

7 ULE Technical overview: DLC and NWK layers 7 DLC layer New DLC service LU14 adding a CCM authenticated encryption layer See security description Provides sequence numbering and control, flow control, Tx/Rx window handling, and segmentation and re-assembling of higher layer packets. C-plane DLC (LAPC) reused from existing DECT NWK layer Connection Oriented model including CC (Call Control) and MM (Mobility Management) entities Reused (with some adaptations) from existing DECT Provides a service similar to cellular systems Mobility management with Location update, authentication, etc Provides C/O end-points with individual virtual circuits (PDP contexts) Ideal solution from security point of view and for deployment of multi-cell systems

8 ULE Technical overview: Security ULE Technical overview: Security NWK layer authentication based on AES algorithm (128 bit) (introduced in DECT release 2010) Provides both PT and FT mutual authentication and Cipher Key generation. Split into two security processes in NWK side allowing geographic distribution in home/visited domains. Authenticated encryption based on CCM* operating at DECT DLC layer Based on RFC-3610 and AES 128 * CCM = Counter with CBC MAC * CBC MAC = Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Provides simultaneously strong encryption and continuous mutual authentication without the need of running NWK layer transactions Mechanism ideal for the intended application In short: state of the art security 8

9 ULE Technical overview: Application layers Interworking to Application layers 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over ULE) interface standardized by IETF RFC currently in draft stage draft-ietf-6lo-dect-ule-03: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over DECT Ultra Low Energy Allows efficient transmission of IPv6 over ULE using 6LoWPAN mechanisms Similar and compatible approach to other technologies (IEEE ) Provides technology transparency to application protocols Direct Interworking to Application protocols, or transport of other NWK protocols are also possible 9

10 10 Physical layer and Energy consumption considerations

11 ULE: Understanding the Physical layer Physical layer architecture Physical layer design is critical for energy efficient DECT is FDM / TDMA with constant envelope modulation Low cost radios High efficiency in power amplifiers Reduced signal processing needs From energy perspective, it is better to use signal protection only when needed (i.e by implementing a good ARQ) The power needs of any signal processing should be taken into account and may be the dominant factor in power consumption At DECT RF power levels (250 mw) the Tx energy DECT is not the dominating factor in the energy budget. 11

12 ULE: Understanding the Physical layer (II) Physical layer operation The example in next figure is taken from a real implementation of a sensor sending a short packet of 400 bits at full power (250 mw) and fully acknowledged mode. Figure measures the energy used by the implementation Radio success case It shows the different stages of ULE operation 1) sensor activation and internal electronics processing 2) The transmission pulse (at full power in the example) 3) The several Rx windows Used for synchronization, observation of FP broadcasts, channel sensing, (ULE is a spectrum sensing technology) and ACK 12

13 ULE Technical overview: Physical layer 13

14 ULE: Understanding the Physical layer (III) Physical layer operation In the example (single burst of 400 bits at full power 250 mw) Nominal energy on the air of the Tx burst = 0,1 mj (mili-joules) Real energy used (by this Tx implementation) to send the Tx burst = 0,5 mj Total energy of the operation = 5 mj Analysis: The Tx energy (at 24 dbm levels) is not the dominating factor for energy consumption in real implementations. DECT is at a transition point where further reductions in the transmission power will reduce the range but will only marginally reduce battery consumption. At 0,1 mj / Tx burst, the technology is suitable for WPANs (i.e wearables), with battery duration dominated by other factors Additionally, DECT allows transmission with reduced power, if desired. 14

15 15 Markets and Applications

16 ULE: target phase 1 applications smart Home and smart living applications (All these applications are supported by current version of the standard) 1) Home automation and energy control Remote switches, dimmers and push buttons Smart Appliance control Smart metering and energy control Remote controls 2) Temperature control Thermostats, control modules and associated actuators 3) Security and Alarms Fire, Glass Break, Flood, CO2, burglary and other alarms 4) ehealth applications Medical Alarms / pendants (for elderly and vulnerable people) Medical monitor devices (I.e. Heart Rate or blood preasure Monitor) Smoke Detector Smart Plug DECT ULE WiF DECT 16

17 ULE Use cases examples Use case example: fire alarm 17

18 ULE Use cases examples Use case example: Home control, thermostats, energy, A/C 18

19 ULE Use cases examples Use case example: Energy and appliances management 19

20 ULE: phase 2 and beyond applications 20 Additional smart Home applications Applications with mixed data / voice capabilities E,g. Intercoms and pendants with audio capabilities Multicast communications and wireless relay stations Office and Industry automation Introduction of large multi-cell systems with full mobility Smart Cities Short range radio for local communications and metering Local communication for security and critical services Personal Area Networks (WPAN) Local communication and wearables. Increased data-rate applications Extension up to 5 Mbit/s possible with current DECT technology

21 21 Summary and Conclusions

22 Ultra Low Energy: Summary Summary and conclusions DECT ULE is an state-of-the-art low power radio interface suitable for Home, Personal and Wide Area Networks Offers an optimal combination of range and power consumption Optimal range for Home Automation Networks, office and industry automation and Personal Area Networks Reuses DECT radio interface and chipsets, already integrated in Home Gateways Offers reliable service with MAC and DLC protection and full NWK layer with Mobility Management and Call Control State-of-the-art security: CCM encryption with AES-128 Technology under ETSI full control: easy to expand to fulfill European needs DECT ULE should be part of any European Large Scale Pilot project in the areas of smart living, smart Cities, Industry automation and wearables 22

23 THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

24 BACKGROUND MATERIAL

25 DECT worldwide deployment (I) Current DECT worldwide deployment and frequency allocations 25

26 DECT worldwide deployment (II) Current market share of DECT in residential cordless market Source: DECTforum 26

27 Extra slides (technical) MAC data transfer (example) Single burst data transfer: PP traffic only - success use case -Source: TS RFP PP access_request_ready_release (BA=IP1) B field = U-plane packet 1 exp release (Q2=1, BCK=0, BA=no Bfield) May use a short slot 27

28 Extra slides (technical) MAC data transfer (example) Multi burst Data Transfer: FP traffic only (3 U-plane packets) -Success use case -Source: TS RFP PP Q1 == Q1 as previous received BA= no BField i.e. E-Mux access_request release (no B-field) Bearer_confirm (Q2=1, Q1 = 0, BA=IP1) other (Q2=1, BCK=0, BA= no Bfield) other (Q2=1, Q1 = 0, BA=IP0) Send Q1 bit meaning (Q1 or BCK) depends on previously received BA bits (E- or U-Mux Mode) Q1 may be always set to 0 when no BField was received. Or it may be used to indicate sliding collision. other (Q2=1, BCK=1, BA= no Bfield) ready_for_release (Q2=1, Q1 = 0, BA=IP1) release (Q2=1, BCK=0, BA=no Bfield) release (Q2=1, Q1 = 0, BA=no Bfield) 28

29 DECT ULE: CCM authenticated encryption CCM Security processes overview -Source: EN and TS K(128) B_0 AES-128 in X_1. X_2...X_n IV(128) out A X_i XOR B_i X_1. X_2...X_n I(n) = m Padded with 0 s to 128 bit multiple PAD T * see note 1 U = MIC CTR A_0, A_1,...A_n AES-128 in out B S_0 S_1, S_2,...S_n O(n ) c 29