Equipment Short-Circuit Current Rating and Available Fault Current
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1 Equipment Short-Circuit Current Rating and Available Fault Current Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer Eaton s Bussmann Business Dan.Neeser@CooperIndustries.com Agenda Interrupting Rating & Series Rating Short-Circuit Current Ratings Maximum Fault Current Marking Fault Current Calculations UL 508A Industrial Control Panels Supplement SB - SCCR 2 1
2 Interrupting Rating NEC Article 100 Definition Highest current an OVERCURRENT DEVICE (fuse or circuit breaker) is rated to safely interrupt. Self protection rating only NEC Interrupting Rating. Requires the overcurrent device to have an interrupting rating not less than the maximum available fault current. The maximum fault current must be calculated and varies based on system size/location. Similar Requirements in OSHA (b)(4) 3 Interrupting Rating NEC 110.9: Device interrupting rating MUST be equal to or greater than the maximum available fault current. Chapter 1 Video Clips - Interrupting Rating 4 2
3 Interrupting Rating - Proper Application 1 st Determine available short-circuit current (I sca ) at lineside terminals of each OCPD. MSB I sca 1 2 nd Apply OCPDs with adequate Interrupting Rating. I sca 2 I sca 3 I sca 4 I sca 5 I sca 6 M M 5 Interrupting Rating - Proper Application Must select circuit breaker with interrupting rating adequate for point of application varies by voltage and circuit breaker type. 6 3
4 I.R. - Proper Application High Interrupting rating of current-limiting fuses at full voltage reduces concerns about proper interrupting rating at point of application 7 Series Rated Systems A combination of: - Circuit breakers / circuit breakers OR - Fuses / circuit breakers that can be applied at available fault levels above the interrupting rating of the load side circuit breaker, but not above that of the main or line side device. Downstream device will ALWAYS be a circuit breaker 8 4
5 Series Rated Systems: CB-CB 200A Circuit Breaker 65,000 A.I.R. Series Rated Combination 65,000 A.I.R. 20A Circuit Breaker 10,000 A.I.R. I SC =65,000 A I SC =65,000 A 9 Series Rated Systems: Fuse-CB LPJ 400 SP 300,000 A.I.R. Series Rated Combination 200,000 A.I.R. 20A Circuit Breaker 10,000 A.I.R. I SC =300,000 A I SC =200,000 A 10 5
6 Series Rated Systems NEC (A) Selected Under Engineering Supervision in Existing Installations The series rated combination devices must be selected by licensed, professional engineer. Requires Documentation and Stamp. Series combination rating and upstream device must be field marked on end use equipment. Downstream circuit breaker must remain passive. NEC (B) Tested Combinations The combination of line side and load side devices must be tested and marked on the end-use equipment (panelboards & switchboards). 11 Series Rated Systems Additional Limitations and Requirements Labeling Requirements Manufacturer NEC (B) Field Marking NEC (B)&(C) Motor Contribution Limitations NEC (C) Motor FLA cannot exceed 1% of IR of protected CB. Lack of Selective Coordination 12 6
7 Current Limitation A current limiting fuse will clear a fault within one half of a cycle. Thermal energy is proportionate to the square of RMS current multiplied by the time (Irms 2 t) Mechanical stresses are proportionate to the square of peak current multiplied by the time (Ip 2 t) 13 Current Limitation Conductor protection for fault of 45kA/480V (26kA with conductor) with non-current-limiting device (1 cycle) vs. current-limiting device (>1/2 cycle) 14 7
8 Short-Circuit Current Ratings NEC Article 100 Definition The highest current EQUIPMENT can withstand without extensive damage (fire or shock hazard). Also known as component protection May be based on a specific type of overcurrent device NEC Circuit Impedance, Short-Circuit Current Ratings, and Other Characteristics. Requires the equipment to have a short circuit current rating not less than the maximum available fault current. The maximum fault current must be calculated and varies based on system size/location. Similar Requirements in OSHA (b)(5) 15 Motor Starter - SCCR High Fault Test: starter protected by an instantaneous trip circuit breaker (MCP) that only provides Type 1 protection 480V - 22,000A High Fault Test: starter protected by Low-Peak fuses that provides Type 2 (No Damage) protection 480V - 22,000A Fault Fault 16 8
9 SCCR Marking Requirements Marked on motor controllers 440.4(B) Marked on HVAC equipment (3) Marked on industrial control panels Fault current cannot exceed marked SCCR 670.3(A)(4) Marked on industrial machinery control panel Fault current cannot exceed marked SCCR UL 508A, Supplement SB is an approved method to determine SCCR for industrial control panels and industrial machinery control panels 17 Fault Current Marking Requirement Available Fault Current. (A) Service equipment must be marked with the maximum available fault current and date of calculation (B) If fault current increases due to system modification, the marking must be updated. 18 9
10 How to Comply? All equipment must comply with: NEC (IR) & (SCCR) Isc = 60,142 A Engineer Calculate Contractor Label Service Equipment Max Avail. Fault Current = 58,524 A Date Determined/Calculated: 9/2010 Required per NEC Isc = 38,525 A Isc = 42,153 A Isc = 27,532 A Isc = 18,752 A HVAC SCCR = 40kA Industrial Machinery Panel Industrial Control Panel SCCR = 65kA SCCR = 30kA Motor Controller SCCR = 25kA 19 IR/SCCR Inspection Check-List 20 10
11 Fault Current Calculations To determine the fault current: Draw the one-line diagram Identify sources of short-circuit current (utility, generation, motors) Include system component information (tranformers, conductors, busway, overcurrent devices are not considered) Use calculation method (ohmic, per unit, point-topoint, software) Use typical fault current values as a reference only. 21 Typical Short-Circuit Current Values Short-Circuit Current at service entrance equipment varies by type/size of system: Small residential systems (100A to 200A) 10,000A to 15,000A or less Small commercial building systems (400A to 800A) 20,000A to 30,000A Larger commercial and manufacturing building systems (2,000A to 3,000A) - 50,000A to 65,000A Higher short-circuit currents are possible where low impedance (energy-efficient) transformers are used (or where larger transformers (kva) feed multiple services. Commercial buildings directly connected to utility grid system 200,000A or greater 22 11
12 Short-Circuit Current Factors Typically highest at service point Decreases in downstream equipment (due to impedance of transformers and conductors) 23 Calculation Example 480V/3000A Service supplied from 2500 kva Transformer Find Isc at Transformer Secondary & Service Equipment 480V, 3000A Service Equipment Service Transformer Isc = 58,524A 2500 kva 13.2kV 480V 5% Impedance Isc = 60,142 A Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC 24 12
13 Calculation Example Step One: Calculate Secondary FLA of Transformer (3 phase) I FLA = KVA X 1000 E L-L X KVA = KVA of Transformer E L-L = Secondary Phase to Phase voltage 25 Calculation Example I SC 2500 KVA Transformer 13.2kV - 480V, 3 Phase Z = 5% I FLA = 2500 X X I FLA = 3007 A 26 13
14 Calculation Example Step Two: Calculate Multiplier Z = Impedance of Transformer, refer to transformer nameplate or manufacturer data Mult = Mult = Mult = % Z Calculation Example Step Three: Calculate Secondary Short Circuit Current I SC = I FLA X Mult I SC = 3007 X 20 I SC = 60,140 A 28 14
15 Calculation Example Calculate Short Circuit Current at 480V Switchgear 480V Switchgear I SC = 60,140A Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC 29 Calculation Example Isc known from previous calculation Calculate multiplier for Cable Step One: Calculate f value I SC 480V SWGR = I SC X Mult 30 15
16 Calculation Example Step One: Calculate f value f = X L X I SC C X E L-L L = Length of conductor I SC = Short-circuit current at beginning of circuit C = C Value Constant for Cable From Table. Multiply by # of runs E L-L = Phase to Phase Voltage 31 Calculation Example C Value 600 kcmil, CU, PVC = 28,
17 Calculation Example Step One: Calculate f Value L = 25 Feet ISC = 60,140 A C = 7 X 28,033 - See C Value Table EL-L = 480V f = X 25 X 60,140 7 X 28,033 X 480 = Calculation Example Step Two: Use Calculated f Value Calculate Multiplier Mult = f Mult = =
18 Calculation Example Calculate Short Circuit Current at 480V Switchgear I SC 480V SWGR = I SC X Mult I SC 480V SWGR = 60,140 X.9731 I SC 480V SWGR = 58,522 A* * Add motor contribution if present 35 What if the System Changes? Service Transformer 480V, 4000A Service Equipment 3000 kva Isc = 70,587A 13.2kV 480V 5% Impedance Isc = 72,171 A Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC Service Transformer 480V, 3000A Service Equipment 2500 kva Isc = 72,667A 13.2kV 480V 4% Impedance Isc = 75,178 A Cu kcmil/phase 25 Feet in PVC 36 18
19 Cooper Bussmann Short-Circuit Calculator Old version Download for Window XP New version Apple or Android Apps Web (run from homepage) 37 Create a System Choose three phase or single phase system Click on Add to my System Select a component you want to add Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 38 19
20 Add a Transformer Select Add Transformer If you have a known primary fault current you can add it here. If not, select assume infinite Enter values into the appropriate fields Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 39 Add Motor Contribution After adding a Transformer, you will be asked if you want to add motor contribution You can complete a quick calculation by selecting a % of your transformer s FLA or add it manually Add these calculations to your system Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 40 20
21 Add Other Components Select Add To My System Add Conductor Run or Buss Run Add the correct values and Add To System Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 41 System Summary View system one line diagram one line diagram Select a specific fault to create a label Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 42 21
22 Create a Label 1 2 Select a fault and click on Create Label Enter the address, project name, fault name, and label size, then Send Label Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 43 Fuse Sizing Tap on Fuse Sizing Diagram Tap on the circuit to protect Review each section and the fuse suggestions for the selected location Sizing fuses for mains, feeders, and branch circuits has never been easier! 44 22
23 User Guide & Contact Us The User guide provides useful information about FC2 There is a user guide selection at the bottom if each page Based on where you are in the app, you will be provided a specific overview of FC2 s functionality While the FC2 is very intuitive, there may be additional questions There is a Contact Us selection at the bottom of each page From this location, you can select to send an for technical assistance or customer service support Calculating available fault current and creating labels has never been easier! 45 Cooper Bussmann FC 2 Web Version - Example 46 23
24 How to Determine SCCR? Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR) Can be established by testing during the listing and labeling process OR Can be determined using an approved (calculation) method UL 508A Supplement SB is an approved method (industrial control panels and industrial machinery control panel) AHJ Approved Method NRTL field evaluation can also be used. 47 Industrial Control Panel SCCR Industrial Control Panel. An assembly of two or more components consisting of one of the following: 1)power circuit components only, such as motor controllers, overload relays, fused disconnect switches, and circuit breakers; 2)control circuit components only, such as push buttons, pilot lights, selector switches, timers, switches, and control relays; 3)a combination of power and control circuit components. These components, with associated wiring and terminals, are mounted on, or contained within, an enclosure or mounted on a subpanel. The industrial control panel does not include the controlled equipment
25 UL 508A Supplement SB What Needs to be Analyzed per UL 508A, Supplement SB? All power circuit components (SB 4.1) Feeder and branch circuit components that supply power to loads (motors, lighting, heating and appliances) Includes disconnect switches, fuses, circuit breakers, load controllers, overload relays, power distribution/terminal blocks, bus bars, etc. Control circuit components are not required to be analyzed Pushbuttons, pilot lights, selector switches, timers, control relays, etc. 49 Power vs. Control Circuits Control circuit components don t have to be analyzed * Power Transformer *Control Circuit, but affects SCCR Control Transformer 50 25
26 UL 508A Supplement SB How to Determine Component SCCR (SB4.2.2)? The SCCR marked on the component or on instructions. The SCCR determined by the voltage rating of the component and the assumed short circuit current from Table SB4.1. or The SCCR for a load controller, motor overload relay, or combination motor controller that has been investigated in accordance with the performance requirements, including short circuit test requirements for standard fault currents or high fault currents specified in the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508, and described in the manufacturer s procedure. 51 UL 508A Supplement SB What are the Rules (Sweep 1)? Lowest component SCCR limits assembly SCCR unless: Combination ratings can be used to increase branch circuit component ratings (SB 4.2.2) Component with marked/specified OCPD Check with component manufacturer for combination ratings 52 26
27 Combination Ratings - Branch Nameplate Voltage: 480 SCCR: 100kA Component SCCR OCPD I.R. Use combination ratings with specified/marked OCPD to fix low rated branch components Combination ratings of overcurrent protective devices and components can be used 53 Combination Ratings - Contactor 54 27
28 Combination Ratings - MMP OL Protection Only Fuse or Circuit Breaker Required for SC Protection Suitable for Group Installations Straight Ratings (480V) 55 Combination Ratings Type E/F Combination Motor Controller SC & OL Protection Line Side Adapters Required Slash Ratings (480/277V) 56 28
29 Combination Ratings - ASD 200kA with Class CC/J/T Fuse Suitable for Group Installations 65kA with Type E CMC (480/277V) 57 Combination Ratings - Feeder Nameplate Voltage: 480 SCCR: 100kA Component SCCR OCPD I.R. Use UL Listed power distribution block with high SCCR when used with specified fuses or circuit breakers and required load side conductors Must have feeder circuit spacing (Listed PDB) if in feeder circuit Combination ratings of PDBs is cost effective fix 58 29
30 Combination Ratings - PDBs PDBFS220 (4 14 Load Side Conductors) 100kA with 175A Class J fuse or less UL 508A Supplement SB What are the Rules (Sweep 1)? Lowest component SCCR limits assembly SCCR unless: Feeder components are used that limit the shortcircuit current reducing the need for higher branch circuit component SCCR (SB 4.3) Current limiting overcurrent protective devices Transformers rated 10kVA or less 60 30
31 Feeder vs. Branch Circuits Feeder Circuit Branch Circuit Branch Circuit 61 Use of CL Devices - OCPD CL Device must be in the feeder circuit For CL Fuses or Circuit Breakers Use PEAK Let-through, Not RMS Let-Through (more conservative) Fuses - cannot use manufacturer specific fuse data only tables based on performance requirements from UL 248 (more conservative - apply to all manufacturers) Circuit Breakers - must be Listed and marked currentlimiting and use published let-thru curves (most circuit breakers are not CL) Can only raise downstream BRANCH circuit components (not overcurrent protective devices fuses/circuit breaker IR or Combination motor controllers SCCR) 62 31
32 Fuse LT UL vs Manufacturer LPJ-100SP UL Limits 50kA = 12kA 100kA = 14kA 200kA = 20kA Manufacturer Let Through Curves Ip LT: 50kA = 9kA 100kA = 12kA 200kA = 14kA Irms LT: 50kA = 4kA 100kA = 5kA 200kA = 6kA 63 Use of CL Devices - OCPD Nameplate Voltage: 480 SCCR: 14kA Component SCCR OCPD I.R. Current limiting feeder OCPD can be used to increase branch component SCCR. F B Use of CL OCPD can only fix components 64 32
33 Use of CL Devices - Transformers CL Device must be in the feeder circuit For Transformers If 10kVA with secondary devices (components and overcurrent devices) of 5kA or higher, apply the IR of the primary overcurrent protective device If 5kVA (120V Secondary) with secondary devices (Components and overcurrent devices) of 2kA or higher, apply the IR of the primary overcurrent protective device 65 Use of CL Devices - Transformers Voltage: Nameplate 480 Component SCCR OCPD I.R. SCCR: 200kA 10 kva Transformers can be used to limit the short-circuit current available If 10kVA & sec comp = 5kA+ If 5kVA/120V & sec comp = 2kA+ Then assign entire circuit I.R. of primary overcurrent device Use of Small Transformers (10kVA or less) can increase secondary component/ocpd ratings 66 33
34 UL 508A Supplement SB What are the Rules (Sweep 2)? Lowest overcurrent protective device interrupting rating (or SCCR for some devices) always limits assembly SCCR All Feeder and branch circuit overcurrent devices Tested series combination ratings or series ratings (fuse-circuit breaker or circuit breaker-circuit breaker) are NOT allowed. Branch circuit overcurrent devices tapped from the feeder circuit supplying a control circuit. Supplemental protective devices protecting the control circuit transformer in a motor branch circuit. 67 Overcurrent Protection Devices Branch Circuit Protective Devices Fuses Circuit Breakers Application Limited Devices Supplemental Protectors/Fuses Not suitable for branch circuit protection (protecting a load) Can only be used in control circuits 68 34
35 Why High SCCR? NEC & Equipment standards only require the SCCR to be marked NEC requires the marked value to be adequate for the maximum available fault current Although not required, high SCCR is often preferred Flexibility of application Multiple installations Fault current unknown Insufficient SCCR can delay installation 69 Fix It - Solutions High I.R. Protective Devices Class R Class J Class J Drive Fuse Class T Class CC CubeFuse High Speed High IR/CL CBs 70 35
36 Fix It - Solutions High SCCR Components 71 Questions? 36
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