Microinverters And The Solar Industry
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1 Microinverters And The Solar Industry Peter Lum Senior Learning And Development Professional Assistant Professor Skyline College
2 Solar Continues Its Growth 2
3 Significant Growth Of Microinverters in Solar Enphase Energy, Inc.
4 Enphase Global Leader in Solar Microinverters Established 2006, first commercial shipments 2008 Headquarters in California, 500+ employees Listed on NASDAQ: ENPH Approximately 10 million units shipped, representing over 2GW Shipping fifth-generation microinverter system Enphase Home Energy Solution and Enphase Storage System announced 141 active patent families World-class team from leading technology companies Revenue in 2014: $343.9 million 4
5 Different PhotoVoltaic System Architectures DC Combiner DC Disconnect AC Disconnect Inverter AC Panel AC Panel Series Strings & DC Electrical (600v- 1000V) AC Electrical Single Module DC (max 48v) Microinverters & AC Electrical Traditional Microinverter 5
6 Microinverter Advantages And Adoption Performance Reliability Simplicity Safety Intelligence 6
7 One on One or One to Many Performance 7
8 Interdependence In The Architecture Inverter DC Combiner DC Disconnect AC Disconnect AC Panel Performance 8
9 Independence in Microinverter Architecture Envoy Communications Gateway AC Panel Performance 9
10 Redundancy With No Single Point Of Failure System'Output' Time' Unplanned string inverter replacements or optimizer component replacement System'Output' 99.8% SYSTEM AVAILABILITY 99.8% SYSTEM Time' AVAILABILITY Planned microinverter replacement Reliability String Inverter Prone to system-wide outages Enphase System No total system outages Problems isolated to small portion of array No emergency calls 10
11 Concerns with High Voltage DC Traditional systems have up to 600v, possibly 1000v, DC. Inverter DC Combiner DC Disconnect AC Disconnect AC Panel Series Strings & DC Electrical (600v) AC Electrical Safety 11
12 Microinverters Eliminate HVDC With microinverters, the maximum DC voltage limited to 48v. Envoy Communications Gateway AC Panel Single Module DC (max 48v) Microinverters & AC Electrical Safety 12
13 Microinverters Flexibility, Scalability, Simpler Simple architecture offers flexibility in design and installation All AC architecture makes adoption easier Simplicity 13
14 Granular Data Enables O&M Get fleet and module-level insights quickly and easily. Intelligence 14
15 Microinverter System Installed 15
16 Microinverters and the Code Peter Lum Senior Learning And Development Professional Assistant Professor
17 Common Microinverter Code Questions Disconnecting Means Safety Additions to 2014 Article 690 Grounding and Bonding Did you know about UL 2703? 2014 and peeks to
18 Disconnecting Means
19 Disconnecting Means (2014 NEC) Section Inverters have disconnects from all sources of power Required for maintenance 19
20 Disconnecting Means Readily and Non-Readily Accessible Locations (2014 NEC) Microinverters located in not readily accessible locations Section (A)(1) and (2) requires ac and dc disconnects in the inverter or within sight of the inverter Section (A)(3) says an additional ac disconnect must follow Section (A) which says the additional ac disconnect must be located in a readily accessible area, (normally at ground level) Section This disconnect could be a utility-required ac disconnect or backfeed breaker in a load center 20
21 Disconnecting Means - Connectors Section Exception permits connectors to be used as ac and/or dc disconnecting means Must be listed and identified for use and meet the requirements of Section (B) Guarding Touch safe Section (E)(1) Be rated for interrupting current without hazard to the operator All Enphase Microinverters connectors have been certified by a NRTL for loadbreak operation, they are guarded, locking, require a tool, and are located within sight of the inverter 21
22 In Conclusion No need for an AC disconnect on a rooftop Connectors are within sight of microinverters Allowed to be disconnects Circuit breakers at ground level are allowed to be secondary disconnecting means All requirements are met 22
23 Microinverters and safety Improvements for 2014
24 Safety Improvements with 2014 Code 2014 NEC received considerable input from the NFPA Fire Safety Task Group 690.5(A) Ground-Fault Protection GFP be capable of detecting a ground fault in the dc current-carrying conductor and components, including intentionally grounded conductors 690.5(B) Isolating Faulted Circuits The faulted circuit can be isolated by Disconnecting the ungrounded conductors or The power converter shall cease to export power 24
25 2014 NEC Rapid Shutdown
26 What is Rapid Shutdown NEC Traditional string inverter systems have energized high-voltage DC conductors, even when the grid is down 26
27 NEC Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems Required for buildings Residential and Commercial Requirement for controlled conductors 1.5 m (5 ft.) inside a building 3 m (10 ft.) from a PV array Controlled conductors limited to not more than 30 V and 240 volt-amperes within 10 seconds 27
28 NEC Rapid Shutdown & Microinverters Enphase Microinverter systems do not produce AC power when there is no utility grid source Fully meet rapid shutdown requirements, without the need to install additional electrical equipment Enphase Microinverters Shut down within 6 cycles. Well within the required 10 seconds no other conductors energized more than 1.5 m (5 ft) in length inside a building or more than 3 m (10 ft) from a PV array. Labeling required per NEC Section (B) and (C) 28
29 Rapid Shutdown Initiator Enphase Microinverters meet these requirements They always have and always will Rapid Shutdown System is initiated by ac circuit breaker Utility-interactive microinverters will shut down as required in UL 1741/IEEE 1547 All conductors in controlled zone meet the requirements within 2 seconds 29
30 Inverter Grounding and Bonding
31 Microinverter Integrated Grounding
32 Before and After Integrated Grounding 32
33 Electrical grounding types Two basic types of grounding are required: System Grounding: Connecting the current carrying circuit to ground, including the negative of a DC array the neutral of a split single-phase AC system the neutral of a bi-polar DC system Equipment Grounding: Connecting all non-current carrying metal parts to ground (metal enclosure, racking, module frame, etc.). Also called bonding 33
34 Ungrounded Systems Ungrounded PV Power Systems. Photovoltaic power systems shall be permitted to operate with ungrounded PV source and output circuits where the system complies with (A) through (G) (A) Disconnects All PV source and output circuits conductors shall have disconnects complying with 690, Part II (B) Overcurrent Protection. All PV source and output circuit conductor shall have overcurrent protection complying with (C) Ground-Fault Protection. All PV source and output circuits shall be provided with a ground-fault protection device or system that complies with (1) through (4) (D) (E) (F) (G) Equipment The inverters or charge controllers used in systems with ungrounded PV source and output circuits shall be listed for the purpose 34
35 Enphase System Grounding 3 rd Generation M215 Earlier models require GEC 35 DC System Ground bonded to Inverter Case
36 Integrated Ground Architecture IG models do not require GEC DC system is isolated and not grounded 36
37 UL2703, Microinverters and Integrated Ground Racking Systems
38 Before and After Racking with Integrated Ground 38
39 Equipment Bonding and Grounding Equipment Grounded Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts Metallic module frames Electrical equipment Conductor enclosures (C) permits the support structure of a PV array to be used as the EGC provided that Listed for equipment grounding Includes bonding jumpers between separate metallic sections 39
40 UL 2703 System PV mount systems Mounting devices, clamping devices, and ground lugs tested in combination Ground Lugs may be tested in combination with specific PV modules, specific PV module frames and specific mounting rails 40
41 Identify UL 2703 system UL 2703 certifies the racking hardware for grounding and bonding Racking system documentation should contain the following NRTL mark indicating compliance with UL 2703 Installation Manual should describe the part numbers use in the evaluation Nuts Rails Qualified PV module Bolds Bonding Splice Bars Enphase products Washers Standoffs and feet End Clamps Exploded views Mid Clamps Torque Specifications This ensures the system is compliant with UL
42 Listed System vs Recognized Component Listed system or product NRTL has tested representative samples and determined that it meets UL requirements Recognized Component product has been tested as a component intended for use in a complete product or system UL
43 UL 2703 Certified System UL 2703 Modules bonded to racking through UL 2703 device(s) Microinverters bonded to racking through UL 2703 device Enphase Microinverters and Engage Cable system are UL Recognized Component as a ground path for UL 2703 racking systems Microinverter EGC provides grounding for the microinverters and array metal 43
44 Resources Grounding and Bonding IAEI, Bonding and Grounding PV Systems, ay-june 2015, B. Brooks, J. Rogers Enphase/ Unirac UL 2703 Bonding video IAEI, Bonding and Grounding PV Systems, ay-june 2015, B. Brooks, J. Rogers Enphase/ Unirac UL 2703 Bonding video 44
45 What s On The Horizon
46 Enphase AC Battery Each module: 1.2 KWh, 240VAC, 275/550 W, 40lbs Modular, distributed architecture allows scalability Plug and play: easy one person install Fully integrated with Enphase Home Energy Solution 46
47 Questions?
48
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