KVM as The NFV Hypervisor

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1 KVM as The NFV Hypervisor Jun Nakajima Contributors: Mesut Ergin, Yunhong Jiang, Krishna Murthy, James Tsai, Wei Wang, Huawei Xie, Yang Zhang 1

2 Legal Disclaimer INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. INTEL PRODUCTS ARE NOT INTENDED FOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. All products, dates, and figures specified are preliminary based on current expectations, and are subject to change without notice. Intel, processors, chipsets, and desktop boards may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright 2015 Intel Corporation. 2

3 Agenda KVM Enhancements for NFV at OPNFV Deterministic Execution and Minimal Latency Inter-VM communication: vhost-user-shmem 3

4 Software IT Virtualization Standard High Volume Servers ETSI s Vision European Telecommunications Standards Institute 4

5 Architecture Framework Virtual Network Function NFV Infrastructure KVM, Containers, 5

6 KVM is Crucial to OPNFV Upstream Projects: 6

7 Project: NFV Hypervisors-KVM 1. Minimal Interrupt latency variation for data plane VNFs (Virtual Network Function) 2. Inter-VM Communication 3. Fast Live Migration Developers from: 7

8 Deterministic Execution and Minimal Latency 8

9 Causes of Latency Variation Guest (VNF) Asynchronous Events User-Level User-Level Interrupts, VM Exits, Cache/TLB Misses Intr_Handler Software Linux Kernel KVM Modules Spin Locks, Loops, Scheduling, Exit to user-level Hardware/Firmware SMI, Power Management, NIC NIC Hardware NIC 9

10 Solutions Guest Excusive/Static Allocation User-Level User-Level Soft Partitioning, CPU Binding, Huge Pages Intr_Handler Software PREEMPT-RT Linux, Code inspection, testing/measurements Linux Kernel PREEMPT-RT Configuration KVM Modules Hardware Technologies Cache Allocation Technology, Advanced VT features NIC Hardware NIC 10

11 Cache Allocation Technology Last Level Cache partitioning mechanism enabling the separation of an application VMs can be isolated to increase determinism Core App Core App Core App Core App Having limited cache is still better than unlimited cache and noisy neighbors Last Level Cache DRAM CAT is supported on the following 6 SKUs for Intel Xeon processor E5 v3 family: E v3, E5-2658A v3, E5-2648L v3, E5-2628L v3, E5-2618L v3, and E5-2608L v3 and Intel(R) Xeon(R) processor D family. 11

12 Latency Data 1: Cyclictest Cyclic Test in Guest: Latency (in µs ) Min: Avg: 9 Max: Histogram RT Linux Guest on KVM Latency Occurrences % (Total #: 79,810,183) Host: Linux with RT patches Latency (µs) 12

13 Latency Data 2: Latency from Periodic External Interrupts Latency from periodic external interrupt: Time delta from interrupt occurrence to invocation of interrupt handler in guest (unit: in µs) Min: 3.98 Avg: 4.42 Max: 9.10 Periodic (1ms) Interrupt (MSI) Intr_Hander Expecting even better results with: Posted Interrupts and CAT (Cache Allocation Technology) Linux Kernel Device Driver KVM Modules Hardware PCIe Device 13

14 Inter-VM Communication 14

15 Communication Models VM1 Process Process VM2 Process Process VM3 Process Process vswitch Kernel Kernel Kernel vhost-user Network stack Network stack Network stack Network stack Network stack Network stack Specific API Shared memory, etc. Directly used by particular Processes Linux Kernel API API Shared Memory (1GB pages) TX, RX TX, RX queues queues TAP TX, RX queues TX, RX queues in-kernel vswitch KVM Modules TAP Networking API Use vswitch in hypervisor Generic NIC Hardware NIC 15 15

16 Fast Paths: Inter-VM Communication vswitch VM1 Process VM2 Process VM3 Process sync Kernel In-VM Switch Network stack Kernel Network stack Kernel Network stack Specific API Need to improve security when using shared memory Linux Kernel Shared Memory (1GB pages) TX, RX queues TAP TX, RX queues in-kernel vswitch Shared Memory TAP Networking API KVM Modules Access Destination VM memory Use In-VM Switch NIC Hardware NIC 16 16

17 Implementing Inter-VM Communication: vhost-user-shmem 17

18 Goals Add fast-paths in VMs as optimized inter-vm communication Maintain consistent flow table entries in VMs Enable protected access to the destination VM or shared memory Open the Window when needed Close it immediately when done vswitch vswitch (e.g. OVS (e.g. with OVS-dpdk, DPDK-netdev) Snabb Switch) Flow Table Entries vhost-user Process virtio-net If (in-vm Switch is present) Go to Fast Path VM1 VM2 VM3 Process API Libraries In-VM Switch Simple Flow Table (inc. MPLS) In-VM Switch Inter-VM data transfer virtio-net R X T X In-VM Switch virtio-net R X T X Shared Memory In-VM Switch NIC 18 18

19 Clean Design Objectives Extend vhost-user as transport mechanism over shared memory/virtqueues: Deliver packets to another guest s virtio device/ virtqueue directly Provide memory mapping (GPAs), protected access, destination addressing APPs In-VM switch, SFC or Build innovative high-performance networking applications, e.g: 1. In-VM switch as a fast cached-datapath for the fullblown virtual switch 2. Lightweight and fast Service Function Chaining 3. Next big NFV app you are developing vhost-user-shmem TRANSPORT 19 19

20 Shared Memory Using vhost-user Server vhost-user server (backend) has sufficient info and capability to host shared memory: Gather mem info to access virtuques from vhost-user clients (QEMUs) It can allocate its own memory for sharing purposes E.g. large pages shared by guests (like ivshmem) VM1 Clients QEMU 1 fd0, gpa0, len0 VM 1 Memory fd1, gpa1, len1 VM 2 Memory vring address info VM n Memory fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vswitch vhost-user Server Server (backend) vring address info Send mem info Send mem info VM n vhost-user Protocol Clients QEMU n fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info VM1 VM2 VMn 20

21 Extending it for Inter-VM Communication vhost-user server (backend) becomes a client Send mem info to QEMUs QEMU extends memory regions QEMU 1 VM 1 Memory VM 2 Memory VM n Memory VM 2, Allows vhost-user clients to access their virtqueues each other Provides vhost-user clients with VM1 shared memory Clients Server (backend) mem info Send mem info Clients vhost-user Server fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info Server (backend) Send mem info vhost-user Protocol VM 2, VM n Clients mem info QEMU n fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 fd0, gpa0, len0 fd1, gpa1, len1 vring address info vring address info vring address info VM1 VM2 VMn 21

22 Simple Example: VM1 and VM2 vswitch vhost-user-shmem (vushmem) server VM2 VM1 vushmem client VM2 VM1 vushmem control structure 1. vhost-user from VM2 VM2 vushmem client PCI BAR vushmem control structure shared shared BAR vushmem control structure fastpath code vhost-user socket 1 fastpath code 3 interrupt (MSI) VM1 vushmem PCI detection 2 2. vhost-user for VM2 (multicast) VM2 vushmem PCI detection vhost-user-shmem support vushmem PCI Device model vhost-usershmem Protocol socket vhost-usershmem Protocol vhost-user-shmem support vushmem PCI Device model QEMU QEMU 22

23 Adding Protected Access VM1 VM2 VM3 Extends memory to access fastpath channel or destination VM VMFUNC instruction in VM w/o VM exit #0 (EAX): Switches EPT (Extend Page Table) Pointers Alternate EPT has additional translation Linux Kernel TX() Mapped by Default EPT (Extend Page Table) VMFUNC VMFUNC RX() Guest Memory 2 VMFUNC RX() KVM Modules NIC Hardware NIC 23

24 Adding EPT Alternate View No Access VM2, VM3, Fast Pass Code (Protected Code): Upon VMFUNC #0, EPT View is changed Access other shared memory and virtqueues of other VMs in protected fashion PCI BAR BAR VM2, VM3, vushmem control structure Default EPT VM1 KVM ioctl options for QEMU to extend Guest Memory: 1. W/O protection, or 2. W/ protection Extend only in alternate EPT view VMFUNC #0 interrupt (MSI) fastpath code VM1 vushmem PCI detection vhost-user-shmem support vushmem PCI Device model Alt. EPT OK VM2, VM3, VM1 QEMU 24

25 Default EPT Alternate EPT Implementing Protected Access EPT Permission Full (X, W, R) start_xmit(*skb, *dev) { send(packets); } start_xmit(*skb, *dev) { send(packets); } No Execute (-, W, R) Page Boundary Trampoline Page Registered by a trusted entity Entry/Exit to/from Trusted Code Protected Code Write-Protected (X, -, R) No Access (-, -, -) send(*packet) { VMFUNC #0, EPTP; Tx(packets); VMFUNC #0, 0 } Tx(*packet) { move_data(); notifify(); } send(*packet) { VMFUNC #0, EPTP; } Tx(packets); VMFUNC #0, 0 Tx(*packet) { move_data(); notifify(); } Write-Protected (X, -, R) Full (X, W, R) Additional pages Specified at registration time 25 25

26 Performance Estimate from PoC Measure cost of VMFUNC and Trampoline Code: Transfer 64B packets from virtio-net to another VM (fast path) 65Mpps with 32-packet batching*: Same batching size as DPDK +VMFUNC) *Intel internal estimation 26

27 Summary 1. Minimal Interrupt latency variation for data plane VNFs (Virtual Network Function) On Track 2. Inter-VM Communication Preliminary performance data from PoC with trampoline code Implementation proposal (vhost-user-shmem) based on vhost-user 3. Fast Live Migration Next presentation Join OPNFV Projects! 27

28 Q & A

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