SATA RAID For The Enterprise? Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA April 19-20,2005

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1 Logo of Your organization SATA RAID For The Enterprise? Scott K. Cleland, Director of Marketing AMCC 455 West Maude Ave., Sunnyvale, CA Phone: FAX: Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Sony Auditorium, 3300 Zanker Rd, San Jose CA April 19-20,2005 1

2 Agenda SATA Technologies SATA in the Verticals SATA 1.1 Extensions (SATA II) Best Practice Applications for SATA Enterprise Defined (short form) Does SATA Fit in the Enterprise? Summary 2

3 Serial ATA The Market Disruptor First extensible, high-volume drive interface introduction in more than 10 years Desktop volumes deliver economies of scale on a high-capacity, high-performance interface Simplifies the integration of commodity disks into multi-drive storage enclosures 3

4 Key Features of SATA 100% compatible with existing operating systems Higher data rates Serial ATA starts at 1.5Gb/s (150MB/s) Roadmap to 6Gb/s (600MB/s) Low-voltage differential signaling to meet dense storage requirements and new ASIC technologies Improved reliability CRC error correction on all transfers Hot-plug support Longer and thinner cables up to 1 meter in length Point-to-point interconnect topology allows full 1.5Gb bandwidth to every drive Parallel ATA Serial ATA 4

5 Applications, Access and Technologies APPLICATIONS CONTENT NAS File servers Disk-2-Disk backup High-performance computing Security and surveillance Image capture Medical, legal, research, oil and gas Video-on-demand Video editing FC SCSI SAS SATA TAPE Transactional, Critical Access, Constant Change Sequential Periodic Change Archival 5

6 SATA Extensions A set of new and optional features for SATA Vendors are not required to support all the features in the extension of the current specification Commonly referred to as SATA II 3Gbps Port Multiplier Port Selector Native Command Queuing 6

7 3Gbps Increase embedded clock from current 1500MHz (1.5GHz) to 3000MHz (3GHz) 100% backward compatible with existing drivers and cabling 7

8 Port Multiplication Provides a platform to attach multiple drives to a single SATA Port Can reduce the cost of expensive host adapters Ideal for Random applications Integrated into a backplane design 8

9 Port Multiplication Context Switching Command-based cannot access a drive until the previous command is complete Command-based switching is ideal for single drive applications FIS-based can accept multiple commands for aggregated performance FIS-based switching is ideal for large scale RAID applications 9

10 Port Selector Conceptually an A/B Switch Port Selector per drive HBA Usually housed in drive carrier 1 Failover is Active-Passive No multi-initiator Drives unaware of PS Can support SATA I drives HBA PORT SELECTOR HDD Some external coordination mechanism necessary 0 To determine which HBA has control of which drive To handle failover (and failback) Can be used in SAS systems 10

11 Applications Redundant controllers within a system Fully redundant storage appliances Common in SAN-attach environments Failover is at the controller level Redundant hosts (clustered systems) Two hosts directly attached to shared storage Failover is at the system (host) level Requires external connections to drives 11

12 Active-Passive Configuration HBA-A controls all drives HBA-B sits idle (standby mode) HBA A HDD 1 HBA B HDD HDD 2 3 HDD 4 12

13 Active-Passive Configuration HBA-A controls all drives HBA-B sits idle (standby mode) If HBA-A fails, HBA-B takes over HBA A HDD 1 HBA B HDD HDD 2 3 HDD 4 13

14 Active-Passive Configuration HBA-A controls all drives HBA-B sits idle (standby mode) If HBA-A fails, HBA-B takes over HBA A HDD 1 When HBA-A comes back online, it assumes standby role HDD 2 HBA B HDD 3 HDD 4 14

15 Failover Models Application : 1 system, 2 HBA, 1 Interposer, 1 set of disks can be configured into 2 volumes. Each HBA has access to its own volume actively. Dedicated spare disk per volume or global spare disk that can be used by any volume. Failover on HBA Global spare disk (optional) HBA 1 (Active) HBA 2 (Active) ONE SYSTEM SATA connect by X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable Interposer Secondary Connection Board Failover Connection SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active RAID Volumes SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active 15

16 Failover Models Application : 1 system, 2 HBA, 1 Interposer, 1 set of disks can be configured into 2 volumes. Each HBA has access to its own volume actively. Dedicated spare disk per volume or global spare disk that can be used by any volume. Failover on HBA Global spare disk (optional) X HBA 1 (Failed) HBA 2 (Active) ONE SYSTEM SATA connect by X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable Interposer Secondary Connection Board Failover Connection SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active RAID Volumes SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active 16

17 Failover Models Application : 1 system, 2 HBA, 1 Interposer, 1 set of disks can be configured into 2 volumes. Each HBA has access to its own volume actively. Dedicated spare disk per volume or global spare disk that can be used by any volume. Failover on HBA Global spare disk (optional) X HBA 1 (Failed) HBA 2 (Active) ONE SYSTEM SATA connection failover SATA connect by X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable Interposer Secondary Connection Board Failover Connection SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active RAID Volumes SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active 17

18 Failover Models Application : 1 system, 2 HBA, 1 Interposer, 1 set of disks can be configured into 2 volumes. Each HBA has access to its own volume actively. Dedicated spare disk per volume or global spare disk that can be used by any volume. Failback on HBA Global spare disk (optional) HBA 1 (New Active) HBA 2 (Active) ONE SYSTEM SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable Interposer Secondary Connection Board Failover Connection SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active RAID Volumes SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active 18

19 Failover Models Application : 1 or 2 systems, 2 HBA, 2 Interposer, 1 set of disks can be configured into 2 volumes. Each HBA has access to its own volume actively. Dedicated spare disk per volume or global spare disk that can be used by any volume. This model eliminates all SPOF between the host and disks. Failover on System HBA 2 (Active) Global spare disk (optional) Clients Network NODE One Heartbeat HBA 2 (Active) NODE Two SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable SATA connect By X4 SATA cable I 2 C cable Interposer Interposer Failover Connection SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active RAID Volumes SATA Disk SATA Active Disk Active 19

20 NCQ Visual Example Queuing is ability to issue multiple commands to drive and allow reordering Example: A B C D Non-queued: A-B-C-D executed ~2½ revolutions Queued: B-D-A-C ~1 revolution Only device can optimally reorder commands since only device knows disk organization and angular position 20

21 NCQ (cont d) What is substantial advantage to using NCQ? NCQ results in higher performance with multiple-command workloads Can support up to 32 outstanding commands Reduced overhead to retrieve data Improved drive endurance and less mechanical wear and tear How does NCQ improve performance? Serial ATA NCQ achieves high performance and efficiency through efficient command re-ordering and implements the following features: Race-free status return Handshake not required Can issue status for multiple commands at same time Interrupt aggregation Less than one interrupt per command can be achieved First Party DMA Drive acts as a master No host intervention required 21

22 SATA Extensions Summary A set of new and optional features for SATA Vendors are not required to support all the features in the extension of the current specification Commonly referred to as SATA II 3Gbps Port Multiplier Port Selector Native Command Queuing 22

23 What is Enterprise? Enterprise storage is the field of information technology focused on the storage, protection, and retrieval of data in large-scale environments. It is differentiated from consumer storage in many practical ways, ranging from the size of the environment to the technologies used. The enterprise storage model provides multiple paths to all data, so that failure of a server never results in loss of access to critical information 23

24 Elite Data Center Feature Set Data Center Attributes Centralized repository for business information provides common data management and protection Offers data sharing functions, through connections to numerous (and possibly dissimilar) computer systems. Uses a storage area network Provides high availability Includes disaster recovery Supports centralized administration and remote support. 24

25 SATA Response Increased levels of fault tolerance RAID 6 Increased levels of performance RAID 10 and 50 Complex levels of integration Clustering Enterprise Topologies Eliminating the dreaded Single- Point-Of-Failure 25

26 What Is RAID 6? RAID 6 is the generic term commonly used to describe a mechanism to protect against two or more consecutive drive failures RAID 6 is not part of the Berkeley RAID Paper All implementations are patented Hewlett-Packard s ADG IBM (several implementations in its patent pool) InoStor s RAIDn Intel? Network Appliance s RAID-DP 26

27 Why Choose RAID 6 over RAID 5? As drive capacity increases, so does the capacity of the disk array A 8-drive RAID 5 array using 400GB drives will yield a total usable capacity of 2.8TB As the array capacity increases, so does the associated rebuild time, in the event of a drive failure During rebuild, the array cannot suffer another drive failure RAID 6 solves this problem with its ability to survive 2 or more consecutive drive failures There is a penalty in total usable capacity A 8-drive RAID 6 array using 400GB drives will yield a total usable capacity of 2.4TB 27

28 RAID 10 and RAID 50 Combine striping with mirroring (RAID 10) or RAID 5 (RAID 50) Improves performance over RAID 1 or RAID 5 alone RAID 10 provides the most fault tolerance but requires double the number of drives for the same capacity RAID 50 improves performance over RAID 5 and doesn t require as many drives as RAID 10 but still is fairly fault tolerant 28

29 RAID 10 Data Disk Drive X X A D A D B E B E C F C F Example: Data is split in equal chunks that is striped across mirrored disks in parallel. With this configuration you can lose one drive from each mirrored pair with no loss of data. 29

30 RAID 50 Data Stripes Parity Stripes Disk Drive X X X Example: Data is split in equal chunks that is striped across multiple RAID 5 array s in parallel. With this configuration you can lose one drive from each RAID 5 with no loss of data 30

31 Growth of SATA in Servers and Storage (,000 Units) 30,000 25,000 25% CAGR 20,000 (S)ATA 15,000 Total ATA 10,000 5,000 SCSI/SAS -5% CAGR Total SCSI/SAS Source: Gartner, HDD Forecast By 2008, SATA will be 42% of storage market SATA growth will cannibalize SCSI/SAS market 31

32 SATA II Transition (Multi-user HDD) 12, , , % 6, , % 79% 18% 76% 79% Serial ATA 3.0 Serial ATA 1.5 Parallel ATA 2, % 21% Major jump in Growth in 2006 with SATA II 32

33 Let s See if SATA Measures Up? Reliability and Availability Leverage SATA economies of scale and implement SATA storage solutions with double redundancy where applicable RAID 10 or RAID 50 and RAID 6 Data accessibility with Failover topologies Using Port Multiplication and Port Selection you can implement complex SATA RAID configurations to meet high availability requirements Scalable and Extensible Suitable for future applications and technologies for ~10 years Support for advanced features and performance 33

34 Summary SATA has a place in the enterprise. DATA Center support infrastructure can and will be SATA-based D-D backups Archival Storage Nearline Storage ILM The use model depends on the application model. DATA Center backend will remain a FC and/or SAS interconnect 34

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