Scale-out Storage Solution and Challenges Mahadev Gaonkar igate

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2 Table of Content Overview of Scale-out Scale-out NAS Solution Architecture IO Workload Distribution Development Challenges Scale-out NAS Testing Test Strategy Test Challenges Open Source Tools Scale-out NAS Next 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 2

3 Scale-out Overview Distributed scalable storage Distributed scalable IO computing Infrastructure versus system Interoperable Fault tolerant Infrastructure manageability 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 3

4 Scale-out NAS Approaches Scale-out NAS with no metadata Uses consistent hashing (e.g.. MD5 algorithm) for distribution and look-up of files in the cluster Scale-out NAS with some metadata Uses consistent hashing and maintains some metadata for distribution and look-up of files in the cluster Scale-out NAS with metadata Uses pre-defined parameters (e.g. file count, capacity of the storage node) for distribution of files Metadata is used for file look-up 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 4

5 Scale-out NAS Approaches Scale-out NAS with no metadata Highlights Fast look-up No single point of failure as no metadata server Good scalability Lowlights No load balancing File movement in case of rename, node add Rebalancing mandatory Scale-out NAS with some metadata Highlights Good load balancing Only metadata movement and no file movement in case of rename, node add Metadata can be distributed on multiple servers to prevent single point of failure Good scalability Lowlights Average look-up time Scale-out NAS with metadata Highlights Look-up time could be proportional to number of files Good load balancing No file movement Lowlights Large metadata Metadata considerations for scalability 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 5

6 Scale-out NAS Architecture Meta Data Server-Y Client-1 Client-N Controller-1 Controller-2 Controller-X Meta Data Server-1 Node-1 Node-2 Node-Z 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 6

Scale-out NAS Components Controller Meta Data Server-Y File Meta Data Client-1 NFS Client-N CIFS Controller-1 Controller-X Meta Data Server-1 File Data Node-1

metadata using consistent hashing Data Management - Distribution and lookup of file data using weight-based (on file count, node capacity) algorithm Client

7 Scale-out NAS Components Controller Meta Data Server-Y File Meta Data Client-1 NFS Client-N CIFS Controller-1 Controller-X Meta Data Server-1 File Data Node-1 Node- Z Controller provides: Global Namespace- Provides a single unified global file system view to clients Metadata Management- Distribution and lookup of file metadata using consistent hashing Data Management - Distribution and lookup of file data using weight-based (on file count, node capacity) algorithm Client Request Management Accepts and responds to client requests Automatic failover by deploying redundant controllers 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 7

8 Scale-out NAS Components Metadata Server Meta Data Server-Y File Mapping Meta Data Replication and Rebalance Meta Data Server-1 Node-1 Node- Z Metadata server provides: Repository for directory hierarchy File to Node mapping Metadata servers are clustered for: Scalability - distribution of file metadata uniformly enables metadata workload distribution and capacity scaling Availability - replication of metadata Elasticity - metadata servers can be added or removed in cluster; metadata is automatically rebalanced 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 8

Scale-out NAS Components Node Controller-1 Controller-N File Data File Data Node-1 Node- Z Data Replication and Rebalance Node provides: : File based data storage (Native file system) Scalability:

9 Scale-out NAS Components Node Controller-1 Controller-N File Data File Data Node-1 Node- Z Data Replication and Rebalance Node provides: : File based data storage (Native file system) Scalability: Nodes can be added/ removed non-disruptively Load Balancing: Data Rebalancing when nodes are added/ removed Availability: Policy based data replication IO Handling: Services IO requests 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 9

Multiple clients IO Parallel read/write of file chunks to multiple Nodes Parallel read/write to Node with

10 IO Workload Distribution Client Client Client Client Client Controller Controller- 1 Controller- 2 Controller- 1 Controller- 2 Node-1 Node-N Node Node-1 Node-N Single large file IO Multiple files IO Multiple clients IO Parallel read/write of file chunks to multiple Nodes Parallel read/write to Node with multiple Node Managers Parallel read/write by multiple Controllers 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 10

Scale-out NAS Scaling Metadata Server-Y Capacity Metadata Server-1 Controller-1

12 Technical Challenges Challenge Issue Solution SUN-RPC based daemons are single threaded (in Linux) Handling simultaneous requests Multiple SUN RPC server processes Dynamically spawn/kill processes depending upon workload Challenge Issue Solution In TCP/IP, sockets once released are not available immediately, to avoid denial of service No socket available for Client-Server communication after a threshold Connection pool of sockets TCP/IP tuning (tcp_fin_timeout, ip_local_port_range, tcp_tw_reuse, tcp_tw_recycle, tcp_max_syn_backlog, netdev_max_backlog, somaxconn) SUN RPC tuning (tcp_fin_timeout, rpc_timeout) 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 12

13 Technical Challenges cont.. Challenge Issue Solution Directory tree is replicated on metadata servers Synchronizing simultaneous directory operations across metadata servers Use of master metadata server for synchronization. All directory operations except readdir() are routed through master metadata server Challenge Issue Solution Files are distributed across storage nodes leading to directory tree replication on each node Synchronization and performance issues associated with create, delete, rename operation of directories on each storage node due to replication of directory tree on multiple storage nodes Maintaining the directory tree at the Metadata Server File is uniquely identified by prefixing directory inode to file name 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 13

14 Test Strategy - Traditional v/s Scale-out NAS Traditional NAS Test Considerations Designed to handle low volume of data Performance bottleneck when multiple users access simultaneously Capacity scaling Performance degradation as data traffic grows Risk of data unavailability in case of NAS head failure Scale-out NAS Test Considerations Ability to scale and store huge data Load balancing across nodes Performance improvement Capacity scaling Dynamic scaling by on-the-fly addition of nodes Scale-out NAS Testing challenges Huge data creation for scalability testing Performance testing to consider node scale-out and scale-down conditions Initiation of multiple simultaneous operations from multiple clients 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 14

15 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Resiliency Multi Protocol Intelligence Scale-Out Performance Scalability Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

16 Scale-out NAS Test Tools Tools Performance Stress Interoperability Multiprotocol Scalability Security Bonnie++ Yes No No No Yes No XDD Yes No Yes Yes Yes No DBench Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No FIO Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No FFSB Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Filebench Yes Yes No No Yes No PGMeter Yes Yes Yes Yes No No NASPT Yes Yes No No No No IOZone Yes No Yes Yes No No 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 16

Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Management Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Multi Protocol Performance Scalability

17 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Management Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Multi Protocol Performance Scalability Orchestration Software upgrades and maintenance User account management GUI complexity Ease of deployment 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

18 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Security Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Authentication (RPC/ AD/ LDAP / NIS) Network Security Data security Antivirus support Scalability Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

19 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Multi Protocol Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Scalability Multi Protocol Performance NFS, CIFS, FTP, HTTP protocols Backward Compatibility Infiniband/FC interoperability Support of SSH, SCP for backend operations 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

20 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Performance Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance IO and User workload Distributed File System Degraded node Benchmarking Scalability Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

21 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Scalability Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Scalability Multi Protocol Performance Determine storage controller threshold for optimum performance Determine capacity threshold per storage controller for linear performance File system capacity 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Stress Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Scalability Simultaneous User

22 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Stress Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Scalability Simultaneous User support Continuous heavy IO File system load testing Degraded mode Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Inter-Operability Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Scalability Multi Protocol Performance

23 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Inter-Operability Resilience Intelligence Interoperability Scale-Out Stress Scalability Multi Protocol Performance Support to third party applications Backup applications using NDMP support Cloud API support for different vendors 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

24 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Intelligence Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Scalability Load balancing Policy based replication, storage tiering, archiving Compression, De duplication Thin provisioning Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Resilience Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Failover/ Failback Replication

25 Scale-out NAS Test Strategy Management Security Resilience Resilience Intelligence Scale-Out Multi Protocol Performance Failover/ Failback Replication Redundant storage access path NIC teaming NIC failover / failback Scalability Interoperability Stress 2013 Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved.

26 Scale-out Next Cloud integration (OpenStack etc.) STaaS OpenStack Swift Integration Big Data Hadoop Platform for BI Apps Solid State Device Scale-out NAS SSD array PCIe SSD cards Software Defined (SDS) SLAs & QoS Orchestration & Hypervisor Healthcare or other Domain/Industry Online data, history, diagnosis, medication, billing, etc Developer Conference. igate. All Rights Reserved. 26

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