E3S-A. Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric Sensor (Medium Size) Ordering Information. Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric Sensors. Horizontal. 7 m.

Transcription

1 Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric (Medium Size) ES-A Be sure to read Safety Precautions on page 0. Ordering Information Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric s Red light Infrared light Sensing method Appearance Connection method Sensing distance Functions Model NPN output PNP output --- ES-AT ES-AT Horizontal Pre-wired Timer Self Diagnosis Turbo External Diagnosis ES-AT2 ES-AT4 Through-beam s Connector (M2) 7 m --- ES-AT6 ES-AT6 --- ES-AT6 ES-AT8 Vertical Pre-wired Timer Self Diagnosis Turbo External Diagnosis ES-AT7 ES-AT9 Connector (M2) --- ES-AT66 ES-AT ES-AR ES-AR Horizontal Pre-wired Timer Self Diagnosis Turbo External Diagnosis ES-AR2 ES-AR4 Retro-reflective s Connector (M2) 2 m (00 mm) --- ES-AR6 ES-AR6 --- ES-AR6 ES-AR8 Vertical Pre-wired * Timer Self Diagnosis Turbo External Diagnosis ES-AR7 ES-AR9 Connector (M2) --- ES-AR66 ES-AR86 (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

2 ES-A Sensing method Appearance Connection method Sensing distance Functions Model NPN output PNP output --- ES-AD *2 ES-AD 00 mm (wide view) Timer Self Diagnosis ES-AD2 ES-AD4 Horizontal Pre-wired 0 mm Timer Self Diagnosis --- ES-AD ES-AD Turbo ES-AD2 ES-AD4 --- ES-AD2 ES-AD2 700 mm Timer Self Diagnosis Turbo ES-AD22 ES-AD42 Diffuse-reflective s Connector (M2) 00 mm (wide view) 0 mm 700 mm ES-AD8 ES-AD8 --- ES-AD6 ES-AD6 ES-AD7 ES-AD7 --- ES-AD6 *2 ES-AD8 00 mm (wide view) Timer Self Diagnosis ES-AD7 ES-AD9 Vertical Pre-wired 0 mm Timer 700 mm Self Diagnosis --- ES-AD6 ES-AD8 Turbo ES-AD7 ES-AD9 --- ES-AD62 ES-AD82 Timer Self Diagnosis ES-AD72 ES-AD92 Connector (M2) 00 mm (wide view) 0 mm 700 mm --- ES-AD68 ES-AD66 ES-AD67 ES-AD88 ES-AD86 ES-AD87 *. Values in brackets are the minimum required distance between the and Reflector. *2. The following models are available with 0-mm sensing distances: ES-AD4 and ES-AD64. Accessories (Order Separately) Insert-type Long Slit Slit width Minimum sensing Sensing distance object (typical) 0. mm. mm 00 mm 0.2-mm dia. mm. mm. m 0.4-mm dia. 2 mm.6 mm 2. m 0.8-mm dia. Model Quantity Remarks E9-S46 of each for Emitter/ (4 Slits total) of each for Emitter/ (2 Slits total) Slits can be used with the ES- AT@@ Through-beam. Page 0 Mutual Interference Prevention Filters Sensing distance Model Quantity Remarks 2.4 m E9-E6 Reflectors/Other Accessories 2 of each for Emitter/ (4 Filters total) Can be used with the ES-AT@@ Through-beam. Page Name Sensing distance (typical) Model Quantity Remarks Reflectors 2 m (00 mm) * (rated value) E9-R Provided with ES-AR@@ Retro-reflective. Small Reflectors. m (00 mm) * E9-R mm (70 mm) * E9-R mm (00 mm) * E9-RS Tape Reflectors 700 mm (00 mm) * E9-RS2 Enables MSR function. 900 mm (00 mm) * E9-RS Axis Confirmation Reflector --- E9-R Used to check optical for the ES-AT@@ Through-beam. Note: When using any Reflector other than the provided one, use a sensing distance of approximately 0.7 times the typical value as a guide. * Values in brackets are the minimum required distance between the and Reflector. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 2

3 ES-A Mounting Brackets/Other Appearance Model Quantity Remarks E9-L69 Provided with ES-A Horizontal s. E9-L70 Provided with ES-A Vertical s. E9-L9 Provided with ES-A Vertical Pre-wired s. E9-L8 Provided with ES-A Vertical Connector s. E9-L97 E9-L98 E9-L60 Protective Cover for Horizontal s Note: When mounting s with Connectors, the I/O Connector will come into contact with the Bracket. Mount the with care. Protective Cover for Vertical s Note: When mounting s with Connectors, the I/O Connector will be longer. Mount the with care. Close Mounting Plate: Provided with ES-A Connector s. Note: If a Through-beam Model is used, order two Mounting Brackets, one for the Emitter and one for the. s I/O Connectors Model Quantity Remarks E9-G2 Provided with product. s I/O Connectors Cable Appearance Cable type Model Straight 2 m XS2F-D42-DC0-A m XS2F-D42-GC0-A Standard -wire L-shaped 2 m XS2F-D422-DC0-A m XS2F-D422-GC0-A (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

4 Ratings and Specifications ES-A Item Sensing distance Sensing method Standard sensing object Model Through-beam s ES-AT, 6, 2,, 6, 4, 6, 66, 7, 8, 86, 9 7 m Opaque: 0-mm dia. min. Differential travel --- Retro-reflective s (with MSR function) ES-AR, 6, 2,, 6, 4, 6, 66, 7, 8, 86, 9 2 m (00 mm) * (When using E9-R) Opaque: 7-mm dia. min. *. Values in brackets are the minimum required distance between the and Reflector. *2. National Electrical Manufacturers Association ES-AD, 8, 2,, 8, 4, 6, 68, 7, 8, 88, 9 00 mm (wide view) (white paper mm) % max. of sensing distance Diffuse-reflective s ES-AD, 6, 2,, 6, 4, 6, 66, 7, 8, 86, 9 0 to 0 mm (white paper mm) --- 0% max. of sensing distance ES-AD2, 7, 22, 2, 7, 42, 62, 67, 72, 82, 87, mm (white paper 0 0 mm) % max. of sensing distance Directional angle Both Emitter and : to to Light source (wavelength) Red LED (700 nm) Infrared LED (880 nm) Red LED (700 nm) Infrared LED (880 nm) Power supply voltage 0 to 0 VDC, including ripple (p-p) 0% Current consumption Control output Self-diagnostic output (Only on s with self-diagnostic outputs) External diagnostic input (Only on s with external diagnostic outputs) Protection circuits Input voltage Response time Response time Sensitivity adjustment Timer function (Only on s with the timer function) Turbo function (Only on s with the turbo function) Ambient illumination ( side) Ambient temperature Ambient humidity Both Emitter and : ma max. (plus approx. ma with turbo function) 0 ma max. (plus approx. ma with turbo function) ma max. 0 ma max. (plus approx. ma with turbo function) Load power supply voltage: 0 VDC max., Load current: 00 ma max. (residual voltage: V max.) Open-collector output (NPN or PNP depending on model), Light-/Dark- selectable (Only s with self-diagnostic function) Load power supply voltage: 0 VDC max., Load current: 0 ma max. (residual voltage: V max.), Open-collector output (NPN or PNP depending on model) NPN with Emitter : 0 V short-circuit or. V max. (source current: ma max.) with Emitter : Open (leakage current: 0. ma max.) PNP with Emitter : +DC short-circuit or. VDC --- max. (sink current: ma max.) with Emitter : Open (leakage current: 0. ma max.) 0. ms max. ma max. Power supply reverse polarity protection, Power supply reverse polarity protection, Output short-circuit protection, Mutual interference prevention Output short-circuit protection Operation or reset: 0. ms max. Two-turn endless adjuster with an 0 to 00 ms -delay variable adjuster Yes (with turbo switch) --- Incandescent lamp:,000 lx max. Sunlight: 0,000 lx max. Operating: 2 C to C (with no icing or condensation) Storage: C to 70 C (with no icing or condensation) Operating: % to 8% (with no condensation) Storage: % to 9% (with no condensation) MΩ min. at 00 VDC between current-carrying parts and case,000 VAC, 0/60 Hz for min. between current-carrying parts and case Insulation resistance Dielectric strength Vibration resistance (destruction) 0 to Hz,.-mm double amplitude for 2 hours each in X, Y, and Z directions Shock resistance (destruction) Destruction: 00m/s 2, times each in X, Y, and Z directions Degree of protection IEC IP67; NEMA: 4X (indoors only) *2 Connection method Pre-wired (standard length: 2 m) or M2 connector Weight (packed state) Material Accessories Case Lens Mounting Bracket Pre-wired cable: Approx. 0 g Connector: Approx. 70 g PBT Denatured polyallylate Stainless steel Pre-wired cable: Approx. 0 g Connector: Approx. 60 g Pre-wired cable: Approx. 90 g Connector: Approx. 0 g Mounting bracket (with screws), Sensitivity adjustment driver, Sensitivity adjusting knob, Instruction sheet, Close mounting plate (only for s with connectors), and Reflector (only for Retro-reflective s) (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 4

5 Engineering Data (Typical) ES-A Parallel Sensing Range Through-beam s Through-beam s Through-beam s ES-AT@@ ES-AT@@ + E9-S46 (Slit Sold Separately) ES-AT@@ + E9-E6 (Filter Sold Separately) Distance Y (mm) X Distance X (m) Y Distance Y (mm) Slit width: 2 mm Y Slit width: mm X Distance X (m) Distance Y (mm) Y X Distance X (m) Parallel Sensing Range Retro-reflective s ES-AR@@ + E9-R (with Reflector) Slit width: 0. mm 0 0 Sensing Range Diffuse-reflective s ES-AD@/AD@2/AD@/AD@6/AD@7/AD@8 Distance Y (mm) E9-R Reflector Y X Distance X (m) Distance Y (mm) Sensing object: white paper ES-AD@/@/@6/@8: mm 0 ES-AD@2/@7: 0 0 mm ES-AD@/@ ES-AD@/@ Distance X (m) X Y ES-AD@2/@7 00 Excess Gain vs. Set Distance Through-beam s ES-AT@@ Excess gain ratio (times) Operating level Distance (m) Retro-reflective s ES-AR@@ + E9-R (with Reflector) Excess gain ratio (times) E9-R Reflector Operating level Distance (m) (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

6 ES-A Diffuse-reflective Diffuse-reflective Sensing Object Size vs. Sensing Distance (Detection of White Paper) (Detection of Black Paper) Excess gain ratio (times) Sensing object: White paper ES-AD@/@/@6/@8: mm ES-AD@2/@7: 0 0 mm ES-AD@2/@7 Excess gain ratio (times) ES -AD@/@6 Operating level 0. ES-AD@/@ Distance (m) Operating level Sensing object: Black paper ES-AD@/@/@6/@8: mm ES-AD@2/@7: 0 0 mm ES -AD@/@6 ES-AD@/@8 ES-AD@2/@ Distance (mm) Distance (m).2 Sensing object: white paper ES-AD@2/@7 ES-AD@/@6 ES-AD@/@ Side of object (mm) I/O Circuit Diagrams NPN Output Model Operation mode Timing charts Mode selector switch Output circuit ES-AT ES-AT6 ES-AT6 ES-AT66 ES-AR ES-AR6 ES-AR6 ES-AR66 ES-AD ES-AD6 ES-AD6 ES-AD66 ES-AD2 ES-AD7 ES-AD62 ES-AD67 ES-AD ES-AD8 ES-AD6 ES-AD68 Light- Dark- Through-beam Emitters Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) Power Photoelectric main circuit L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) Through-beam s, Retro-reflective s, Diffuse-reflective s Light Stability Photoelectric main circuit 0 to 0 VDC ZD Connector Pin Arrangement 2 4 Note: Pin 2 is not used. (Control Load output) Black (Relay) 4 00 ma max. Connector Pin Arrangement 2 4 Note: Pins 2 and 4 are not used. 0 to 0 VDC (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 6

7 ES-A Model ES-AT2 ES-AT7 ES-AD2 ES-AD7 ES-AD22 ES-AD72 ES-AD2 ES-AD7 Operation mode Light- Dark- Timing charts Incident light No incident light T Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor T Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) External diagnostic input Mode selector switch L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) --- Emitter LED --- Indicator (Between blue and pink) Through-beam s, Diffuse-reflective s Stability Light Photoelectric main circuit Through-beam Emitters Power Photoelectric main circuit Output circuit ZD 00 ma max. 0 ma max. ZD Black Load (Control (relay) output) Orange (Self-diagnostic output) Load (relay) 0 to 0 VDC Pink (External diagnostic input) 0 V 0 to 0 VDC ES-AR2 ES-AR7 Light- Dark- Incident light No incident light T Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor T Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) Retro-reflective s Stability Light Photoelectric main circuit 00 ma max. ZD 0 ma max. ZD 2 K Black Load (relay) (Control output) Orange (Self-diagnostic Pink Load (relay) output) (External diagnostic input) 0 to 0 VDC Structure of I/O Connector 2 4 Terminal No. 2 4 XS2F-D42-DC0-A Black Classification Wire color Connection Pin No. Application +V For DC V Black 4 Output Note: Pin No. 2 is not used. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 7

8 ES-A PNP Output Model ES-AT ES-AT6 ES-AT8 ES-AT86 ES-AR ES-AR6 ES-AR8 ES-AR86 ES-AD ES-AD6 ES-AD8 ES-AD86 ES-AD2 ES-AD7 ES-AD82 ES-AD87 ES-AD ES-AD8 ES-AD8 ES-AD88 Operation mode Light- Dark- Through-beam Model Emitters Timing charts Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between blue and black) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between blue and black) Light Photoelectric main circuit Mode selector switch L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) Output circuit Through-beam s, Retro-reflective s, Diffuse-reflective s Stability Light Photoelectric main circuit 0 to 0 VDC ZD Connector Pin Arrangement 2 4 Note: Pin 2 is not used. Black (Control output) 4 00 ma max. Load (Relay) Connector Pin Arrangement 2 4 Note: Pins 2 and 4 are not used. 0 to 0 VDC ES-AT4 ES-AT9 ES-AD4 ES-AD9 ES-AD42 ES-AD92 ES-AD4 ES-AD9 Light Dark Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between blue and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor T Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between blue and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) T L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) Through-beam s, Diffuse-reflective s Stability Light Photoelectric main circuit Through-beam Emitters ZD ZD 00 ma max. Orange 0 ma max. (Self-diagnostic output) (Control output) Load Black (relay) Load (relay) 0 to 0 VDC External diagnostic input --- Emitter LED --- Indicator (Between brown and pink) Power Photoelectric main circuit 0 to 0 VDC (External diagnostic input) Pink 0 V (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 8

9 ES-A Model Operation mode Timing charts Mode selector switch Output circuit ES-AR4 ES-AR9 Light- Dark- Incident light No incident light T Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between blue and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) Incident light No incident light Light Output transistor Load Operate (e.g., relay) Reset (Between brown and black) T: -delay timer (0 to 00 ms) T L Side (LIGHT ) D Side (DARK ) Retro-reflective s Stability Light Photoelectric main circuit 4.4 K ZD ZD 0 ma max. 00 ma max. Pink Orange (External diagnostic input) (Self-diagnostic output) (Control output) Load Black (relay) Load (relay) 0 to 0 VDC Structure of I/O Connector 2 4 Terminal No. 2 4 XS2F-D42-DC0-A Black Classification Wire color Connection Pin No. Application +V For DC V Black 4 Output Note: Pin 2 is not used. Adjustment Methods Sensitivity Adjustment for Diffuse-reflective s Set to Light Item Sensing condition Sensitivity adjuster Indicators Procedure ) Position A 2) Position B Photoelectric Sensing object Photoelectric Sensing object ) Setting --- Background object Background object (A) Min. Min. (A) Min. Max. Max. (C) (C) (B) Max. Stability Stability Light Light Locate a sensing object at the sensing distance, set the sensitivity adjuster to the minimum scale position, and gradually increase sensitivity by turning the sensitivity adjuster clockwise until the incident light (red LED) is. Position A is where the has turned. Position B is when the sensing object is removed and the sensitivity adjuster is turned clockwise until the incident light (red LED) is. Position C is where the adjuster is turned counterclockwise (reducing the sensitivity) from position B until the incident light (red LED) is. When there are no background objects, the maximum sensitivity is position C. Set the sensitivity adjuster to halfway between (A) and (C) (at the optimum sensitivity). Check that the stability (green LED) turns according to whether the sensing object is there or not. There is not sufficient margin if it does not turn. If this is the case, reconsider the detection method. Unlike conventional Photoelectric s, the variation in the sensitivity of ES-A Photoelectric s is minimal. This means the sensitivity can be adjusted on only a single Photoelectric, and then the adjusters on the other Photoelectric s can be set to the same scale position. There is no need to adjust the sensitivity of each Photoelectric individually. Stability Light (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 9

10 ES-A Safety Precautions WARNING This product is not designed or rated for ensuring safety of persons. Do not use it for such purposes. Precautions for Correct Use Do not use the product in atmospheres or environments that exceed product ratings. Mounting Position of Axis of Through-beam Model Unlike conventional through-beam sensors, the ES-A Through-beam Photoelectric incorporates 2 lenses. The lens actually in use is the one marked with an arrow indicating the position of the optical. When using a Slit, attach it to the lens marked with the arrow. Mounting Bracket (Provided) The direction of the optical coincides with the machine of the ES-A when the mounting screw is inserted into the lock hole of the Mounting Bracket. If the mounting surface and the screw hole are correctly aligned toward the sensing object (or toward the Retroreflector for a Through-beam ), the mechanical and optical will be aligned when the screw is inserted into the hole. Incident light will be detected, and time-consuming adjustment will not be necessary. (If, however, the mounting surface is not flat, adjustment of the optical may still be required.) Adjust the position of the so that incident light points at the center. Make sure that the incident light is at a fixed position. The maximum tightening torque of the screw is 0. N.m max. Unused lens arrow Arrow indicating optical position Lens actually in use (attach the Slit to this lens) Machine Base of mounting bracket Bracket can move in this direction lock hole (M) Position of Arrow Indicating Axis Model ES-A (Vertical s) ES-A (Horizontal s) Position of lens in use Top Bottom Tightening the Connector Manually tighten the connector until the threads have completely disappeared. If tightening is insufficient, the degree of protection may not be maintained, or the connector may become loose when it is subjected to vibration. Using pliers to tighten the connector may damage it. Adjustments E9-S46 Through-beam Slits (Accessory, order separately) Use the rubber attachment with the metal cover if a slit width of 2 mm is required. (A Slit is not required in this case.) Insert the 0.- or -mm Slit between the metal cover and rubber attachment if a slit width of 0. or mm is desired. These Slits fit into the rubber attachment..6 mm 2 mm. mm Metal cover Slit (0. mm or mm) Rubber attachment Arrow indicating position of optical Screw Indented portions Use the E9-L60 Close Mounting Plate (provided) if the is mounted using mounting brackets or if it is mounted directly. (Refer to Dimensions.) ES-A Apply the Slit to the lens of the Photoelectric marked with an arrow indicating the position of the optical (apply it to the bottom lens of Horizontal s and the top lens of Vertical s). (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 0

11 ES-A E9-E6 Polarized Mutual Interference Prevention Filters for Through-beam s (Accessory, order separately) A set of 4 Filters are sold together for two Through-beam s (for 2 each for Emitters and s). Order one for every two sets of Photoelectric s. For mounting, refer to the figure of the Through-beam Slits. Y = 0 Emitter Up to two units can be attached. Note: The arrows on the Filters can be attached in either direction when two s are mounted next to each other. The Filter attached to an Emitter and to the corresponding must be the same in direction of polarization or the will not function. The arrow printed on the cover indicates the direction of polarization. By attaching the Filters opposite to each other in polarization to the Emitters and the s in rows, mutual interference can be prevented (in any case, the Filter attached to an Emitter and to the corresponding must be the same in direction of polarization or the Photoelectric will not function). Operating Mode Selection As shown in the following illustration, the ES-A has an operating mode selector on the panel where the connector is located. With this operating mode selector, the ES-A is in either Dark- or Light- mode. Operating mode switch (black) Light Dark ( when light is ) ( when light is ) D L Turbo Function ( Turbo Switch) The turbo function is effective with the turbo switch pressed, and the function is reset automatically when released. With the turbo function switched, the light spot is visible even at a distance of 0 mm, making it easy to check the sensing position and the angle of the optical. Precautions ()Do not keep the turbo switch pressed for longer than minutes. (It will not break even if it is pressed for an extended period.) (2)Pressing the switch may change the timer delay settings. Set the timer after using the turbo function to check the optical. ()To press the switch, use a force of 9.8 N max. Sensitivity adjuster The -delay timer adjuster is used as a turbo switch (black). The intensity of the red spot will be increased, making visual confirmation much easier. PUSH Using the E9-R Axis Reflector for Throughbeam s (Accessory, order Separately) Use this attachment when the set distance is long and adjustment is mechanically difficult with a sensing object. Eye ES-AT@@ E9-R Axis Confirmation Reflector The default operating mode is shown in the following table. Default switch Sensing method setting Through-beam s Dark- Retro-reflective s Diffuse-reflective s Light- Timer and Turbo Switch The Emitter of the Through-beam with the selfdiagnostic feature incorporates a turbo switch. When this switch is, the intensity of the red LED light source can be increased to make a brighter spot. ES-AT@@ Emitter Attach the Reflector to the. Look at the Reflector from right behind the Emitter. The Reflector should be bright with red light when the optical beam strikes the Reflector. If the Emitter has a turbo function, the Reflector looks brighter with the function switched. When the Reflector is removed, the light beam strikes the. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

12 ES-A Dimensions (Unit: mm) Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance class IT6 is used for dimensions in this data sheet. ES-A Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric Through-beam s (Horizontal) Pre-wired s ES-AT/2//4 () Sensitivity adjuster (white) Timer adjuster (black) * Light (4) dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 4 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m *2 8.8 dia. Emitter: ES-AT@@-L : ES-AT@@-D Stainless steel Lens (7 7) Stability *. Not applicable to s with timer adjusters (ES-AT and ES-AT). *2. The ES-AT or ES-AT has three conductors.. Operation mode selector switch Two, M holes ES-AT/ (Emitter) 7.8 Power (4) 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 2 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m dia Stainless steel Lens (7 7) ES-AT2/4(Emitter) Power Turbo switch (4) 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m 8.8 dia Two, M holes (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 2

13 ES-A s with Standard Connectors ES-AT6/6 () Sensitivity adjuster (white) Light M2 Connector (0) Stability 0.. Stainless steel Lens (7 7). Operation mode selector switch Two, M ES-AT6/6 (Emitter) Power M2 Connector 7.8 (0) Stainless steel 2 Lens (7 7) Two, M (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

14 ES-A Through-beam s (Vertical) Pre-wired s ES-AT6/7/8/9 () 8. Lens (7 7). (4) 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 4 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m * Stainless steel dia...4. Stability.6 7 Light Sensitivity adjuster (white) Timer adjuster (black) *2. Operation mode selector switch *. The ES-AT6 or ES-AT8 has three conductors. *2. Not applicable to timer adjuster models ES-AT6 and ES-AT Two, M holes 0. Two, M x 2 screws ES-AT6/8 (Emitter) 8. Lens (7 7). (4) 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 2 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m * Stainless steel dia....4 Power ES-AT7/9 (Emitter) 0. Power.6 Turbo switch *The ES-AT7 of ES-AT9 has three conductors. Two, M holes (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 4

15 ES-A Connector s ES-AT66/86 () Use these two holes for mounting. 2 Lens (7 7). M2 Connector (0). Stainless steel Stability.6 7 LIght Sensitivity adjuster (white). Operation mode selector switch E9-L60 Close Mounting Plate (provided) (Attach the mounting plate or the plug cannot be connected.) Two, M holes ES-AT66/86 (Emitter) Use these two holes for mounting. 2 Lens (7 7). M2 Connector (0). Power. Stainless steel Two, M holes E9-L60 Close Mounting Plate (provided) (Attach the mounting plate or the plug cannot be connected.) 0. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

16 ES-A Retro-reflective s (Horizontal) Pre-wired s ES-AR/2// Stainless steel Lens (7 4) Light Sensitivity adjuster (white) Timer adjuster/ Turbo switch (black) * Turn to adjust the timer: push to switch turbo function (4) *2 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter: 8.8 dia.. mm), Standard length: 2 m * *. For ES-AR2 and ES-AR4 only. * mm for ES-AR2 and ES-AR4. *. The ES-AR or ES-AR has three conductors.. Stability Operation mode selector switch Emitter 2.8 Two, M holes s with Connectors ES-AR6/ Light Sensitivity adjuster (white) 42. (0) Connector M2 7. Stability. 0 Stainless steel Lens (7 4). Operation mode selector switch Emitter Two, M holes (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 6

17 ES-A Retro-reflective s (Vertical) Pre-wired s ES-AR6/7/8/ Stainless steel Lens (.7 0.9) Emitter (4) *2 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m * 8.8 dia Stability Light Sensitivity adjuster (white). Operation mode selector switch Timer adjuster/ Turbo switch (black) * Turn to adjust the timer: push to switch turbo function 0. *. Available on ES-AR7 and ES-AR9 only. * mm for ES-AR7 and ES-AR9. *. The ES-AR6 or ES-AR8 has three conductors. 0. Two, M holes s with Connectors ES-AR66/ Use these two holes for mounting. Lens (.7 0.9) 2 7 Emitter M2 Connector (0) Stainless steel Four mounting holes 2. Stability.9 7 Light Sensitivity adjuster (white). Operation mode selector switch Two, M 2 screws Two, M holes E9-L60 Close Mounting Plate (provided) (Attach the mounting plate or the plug cannot be connected.) 0. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 7

18 ES-A Diffuse-reflective s (Horizontal) Pre-wired s ES-AD/2//2/22/2 -AD/2//4/42/4 Light Sensitivity adjuster (white) Timer adjuster/ Turbo switch (black) * Turn to adjust the timer: push to switch turbo function 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable (4) with 4 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m *2 8.8 dia Stainless steel *. Timer adjuster: Not available on ES-AD, ES-AD2, ES-AD, ES-AD, ES-AD2 and ES-AD. Turbo switch: Available on ES-AD2 and ES-AD4 only. *2. The ES-AD, ES-AD2, ES-AD, ES-AD, ES-AD2, or ES-AD has three conductors. Lens (7 4). Stability Operation mode selector switch Emitter 0. Two, M holes s with Connectors ES-AD6/7/8/6/7/8 Sensitivity adjuster (white) Light M2 Connector (0) Stability. 0 Stainless steel Lens (7 4). Operation mode selector switch Emitter 0. Two, M holes (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 8

19 ES-A Diffuse-reflective s (Vertical) Pre-wired s ES-AD6/62/6/7/72/7 -AD8/82/8/9/92/9 4.8 Lens (7 4) Emitter (4) 4-dia. vinyl-insulated round cable with 4 conductors (Conductor cross section: 0.2 mm 2, Insulator diameter:. mm), Standard length: 2 m * 8.8 dia Stainless steel. Stability Timer adjuster/ Turbo switch (black) *2 Turn to adjust the timer: push to switch turbo function Light Sensitivity. adjuster (white) 0. Operation mode selector *. ES-AD6, ES-AD62, ES-AD6, ES-AD8, ES-AD82, and ES-AD8 have three conductors. *2. Timer adjuster: Not available on ES-AD6, ES-AD62, ES-AD6, ES-AD8, ES-AD82 and ES-AD8. Turbo switch: Available on ES-AD7 and ES-AD9 only. Two, M holes s with Connectors ES-AD66/67/68/86/87/ Use these two holes for mounting. Lens (7 4) 2 7 Emitter Connector M2 (0) Stainless steel Stability Light Sensitivity adjuster (white). Operation mode selector switch Two, M holes E9-L60 Close Mounting Plate (provided) (Attach the mounting plate or the plug cannot be connected.) 0. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. 9

20 ES-A Accessories (Order Separately) Insert-type Long Slit (For Through-beam Model) E9-S46.6 A Filters for Mutual Interference Prevention (For Through-beam Model) E9-E A 2.4 A * Name Dimensions A Material Quantity Supporter Slits 2 mm 0. mm mm Stainless steel PVC One each for Emitter and (total of 2) One each for Emitter and (total of 4) Material: Stainless steel * Two of each for the Emitter and (total of four) 2. Axis Confirmation Reflector (For Through-beam Model) E9-R Bracket to be attached to the Emitter panel of ES-A Reflectors Mounting Brackets Material: Reflector: Acryl Back: ABS.9 7. In the interest of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.

21 General Precautions Photoelectric s Technical Guide For precautions on individual products, refer to Safety Precautions in individual product information. WARNING These s cannot be used in safety devices for presses or other safety devices used to protect human life. These s are designed for use in applications for sensing workpieces and workers that do not affect safety. Precautions for Safe Use To ensure safety, always observe the following precautions. Wiring Item Power Supply Voltage Do not use a voltage in excess of the operating voltage range. Applying a voltage in excess of the operating voltage range, or applying AC power (00 VAC or greater) to a DC may cause explosion or burning. DC Three-wire NPN Output s Black Load Typical examples --- Load Short-circuiting Do not short-circuit the load. Doing so may cause explosion or burning. DC Three-wire NPN Output Black Load (Load short circuit) + - AC Two-wire s Example: EE2 Load (Load short circuit) Incorrect Wiring Do not reverse the power supply polarity or otherwise wire incorrectly. Doing so may cause explosion or burning. DC Three-wire NPN Output s Example: Incorrect Polarity Black Load - + DC Three-wire NPN Output s Example: Incorrect Polarity Wiring Load - Black Black + Load + - Connection without a load If the power supply is connected directly without a load, the internal elements may burst or burn. Be sure to insert a load when connecting the power supply. DC Three-wire NPN Output s Black 2 to 24VDC 0V AC 2-wire s Example: EE2 etc. Operating Environment () Do not use a in an environment where there are explosive or inflammable gases. (2) Do not use the in environments where the cables may become immersed in oil or other liquids or where liquids may penetrate the. Doing so may result in damage from burning and fire, particularly if the liquid is flammable. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-

22 Photoelectric s Technical Guide Design Power Reset Time Precautions for Correct Use The will be ready to detect within approximately 00 ms after the power is turned. If the and the load are connected to separate power supplies, turn the power before turning the load power. Any exceptions to this rule are indicated in Safety Precautions in individual product information. Turning Power An output pulse may be generated when the power is turned. It is recommended that the load or load line power be turned before the power is turned. Power Supply Types An unsmoothed full-wave or half-wave rectifying power supply cannot be used. Mutual Interference Mutual interference is a state where an output is unstable because the s are affected by light from the adjacent s. The following measures can be taken to avoid mutual interference. Countermeasure Use a with the interference prevention function. 2 Concept Through-beam s Reflective s Install an inference prevention filter. Separate s to distance where interference does not occur. If s are mounted in close proximity, use s with the interference prevention function. 0 or fewer s: EX-DA@-S, EX-MDA, EC-LDA Fiber s Performance, however, will depend on conditions. Refer to pages EX-DA-S/EX-MDA and EC-LDA. or fewer s: EX-NA Fiber s 2 or fewer s: ET, EZ, EZM, EZM-C, ES-C, EG-L/L, or ES-C Built-in Amplifier Photoelectric s (except Through-beam s) EC Photoelectric with separate amplifier A mutual interference prevention polarizing filter can be installed on only the EZ-TA to allow close-proximity --- mounting of up to 2 s. Mutual Interference Prevention Polarizing Filter: E9-E Check the parallel movement distance range in the catalog, verify the set distance between adjacent s, and install the s accordingly at a distance at least. times the parallel movement distance range. If the workpieces move from far to near, chattering may occur in the vicinity of the operating point. For this type of application, separate the s by at least. times the operating range. Workpiece. L Workpiece L Alternate Emitters and s. Close mounting of s is possible by alternating the Emitters with the s in a zigzag fashion (up to two s). However, if the workpieces are close to the Photoelectric s, light from the adjacent Emitter may be received and cause the to change to the incident light state. 4 Emitter Workpiece --- Offset the optical axes. Emitter If there is a possibility that light from another may enter the, change the position of the Emitter and, place a light barrier between the s, or take other measures to prevent the light from entering the. (Light may enter even if the s are separated by more than the sensing distance.) If s are mounted in opposite each other, slant the s as shown in the following diagram. (This is because the s may affect each other and cause output chattering even if separated by more than the sensing distance.) θ θ 6 Adjust the sensitivity. Lowering the sensitivity will generally help. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-2

23 Photoelectric s Technical Guide Noise Countermeasures for noise depend on the path of noise entry, frequency components, and wave heights. Typical measures are as given in the following table. Type of noise Common mode noise (inverter noise) Common noise applied between the mounting board and the +V and 0-V lines, respectively. Noise intrusion path and countermeasure Before countermeasure After countermeasure Noise enters from the noise source through the frame (metal). Mounting block (metal) +V 0V Inverter motor IM Noise () Ground the inverter motor (to 00 Ω or less) (2) Ground the noise source and the power supply (0-V side) through a capacitor (film capacitor, 0.22 μf, 60 V). () Insert an insulator (plastic, rubber, etc.) between the and the mounting plate (metal). () Insert an insulator. Mounting block (metal) (2) +V Inverter motor 0V Noise Noise IM () Noise Radiant noise Ingress of high-frequency electromagnetic waves directly into, from power line, etc. Noise propagates through the air from the noise source and directly enters the. Noise source +V 0V Insert a shield (copper) plate between the and the noise source e.g., a switching power supply). Separate the noise source and the to a distance where noise does not affect operation. Noise source Shield plate (copper) +V 0V Power line noise Ingress of electromagnetic induction from high-voltage wires and switching noise from the switching power supply Noise enters from the power line. Noise Noise +V 0V Insert a capacitor (e.g., a film capacitor), noise filter (e.g., ferrite core or insulated transformer), or varistor in the power line. Insert a capacitor, etc. +V Noise 0V Wiring Cable Unless otherwise indicated, the maximum length of cable extension is 00 m using wire that is 0. mm 2 or greater. Exceptions are indicated in Safety Precautions in individual product information. Cable Tensile Strength When wiring the cable, do not subject the cable to a tension greater than that indicated in the following table. Cable diameter Tensile strength Less than 4 mm 0 N max. 4 mm or greater 0 N max. Note: Do not subject a shielded cable or coaxial cable to tension. Repeated Bending Normally, the cable should not be bent repeatedly. (For bending-resistant cable, see Attachment to Moving Parts on page C-4.) Separation from High Voltage (Wiring Method) Do not lay the cables for the together with high-voltage lines or power lines. Placing them in the same conduit or duct may cause damage or malfunction due to induction interference. As a general rule, wire the in a separate system, use an independent metal conduit, or use shielded cable. Power line Work Required for Unconnected Leads Unused leads for self-diagnosis outputs or other special functions should be cut and wrapped with insulating tape to prevent contact with other terminals. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-

24 Photoelectric s Technical Guide Power Supply When using a commercially available switching regulator, ground the FG (frame ground) and G (ground) terminals. If not grounded, switching noise in the power supply may cause malfunction. Example of Connection with SD2 Controller DC Three-wire NPN Output s Reverse operation is possible using the signal input switch on the SD2. 0 V Black OUT +2 V Mounting Attachment to Moving Parts To mount the Photoelectric to a moving part, such as a robot hand, consider using a s that uses a bending-resistant cable (robot cable). Although the bending repetition tolerance of a standard cable is approximately,000 times, robot cable has an excellent bending tolerance of approximately 00,000 times. Cable Bending Destruction Test (Tough Wire Breaking Test) With current flowing, bending is repeated to check the number of bends until the current stops. (2) () () 4 6 SD2 2 θ θ R Weight Test Specimen Standard cable VR (H) x8/0.2 Robot cable: Strong, conductive electrical wire 2 x 0. mm 2, shielded Bending angle (θ) Left/right 90 each Left/right 4 each Description/conditions Bending repetitions bends/minute Weight 00g 0g Operation per bending Bending radius of support points (R) () through () in figure once () through () in figure once mm 2. mm Result Approx.,000 times Approx. 00,000 times The testing conditions of the standard cable and robot cable are different. Refer to the values in the above table to check bend-resistant performance under actual working conditions. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-4

25 Photoelectric s Technical Guide Securing Fibers The EX Fiber Unit uses a one-touch locking mechanism. Use the following methods to attach and remove Fiber Units. () Attaching Fibers Open the protective cover, insert the fiber up to the insertion mark on the side of the Fiber Unit, and then lower the lock lever. Lock lever Fiber Fiber insertion mark Locked position 9mm Insertion position Lock released position Protective cover (2) Removing Fibers Open the protective cover, lift up the lock lever, and pull out the fibers. Adjustments Axis Adjustment Move the Photoelectric both vertically and horizontally and set it in the center of the range in which the operation is lit or not lit. For the ES-C, the optical and the mechanical are the same, so the optical can be easily adjusted by aligning the mechanical. Emitter : The from the center of the lens to the center of the beam for the Emitter and the from the center of the lens to the center of the reception area for the. Mechanical : The perpendicular to the center of the lens. Emitter 2 l Incident or Operation Optimum value Incident or Operation Locked position Lock released position Protective cover Emission beam Mechanical Reception area Note:.To maintain the fiber characteristics, make sure that the lock is released before removing the fibers. 2. Lock and unlock the fibers at an ambient temperature of 0 to C. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-

26 Photoelectric s Technical Guide Operating Environment Water Resistance Do not use in water, in rain, or outside. Ambient Conditions Do not use this in the following locations. Otherwise, it may malfunction or fail. () Locations exposed to excessive dust and dirt (2) Locations exposed to direct sunlight () Locations with corrosive gas vapors (4) Locations where organic solvents may splash onto the () Locations subject to vibration or shock (6) Locations where there is a possibility of direct contact with water, oil, or chemicals (7) Locations with high humidity and where condensation may result Environmentally Resistive s The E2-TF/T2F/T4F/T8F-S/D2F/D82F and EHQ can be used in locations () and (6) above. Fiber Photoelectric s in Explosive Gas Atmospheres The Fiber Unit can be installed in the hazardous area, and the Amplifier Unit can be installed in a non-hazardous area. <Reason> For explosion or fire due to electrical equipment to occur, both the hazardous atmosphere and a source of ignition must be in the same location. energy does not act as an ignition source, thus there is no danger of explosion or fire. The lens, case, and fiber covering are made of plastic, so this setup cannot be used if there is a possibility of contact with solvents that will corrode or degrade (e.g., cloud) the plastic. <Ignition Source> Electrical sparks or high-temperature parts that have sufficient energy to cause explosion in a hazardous atmosphere are called ignition sources. Hazardous area Fiber Unit Sensing object Non-hazardous area Amplifier Unit Influence from External Electrical Fields Do not bring a transceiver near the Photoelectric or its wiring, because this may cause incorrect operation. Maintenance and Inspection Points to Check When the Does Not Operate If the does not operate, check the following points. () Are the wiring and connections correct? (2) Are any of the mounting screws loose? () Are the optical and sensitivity adjusted correctly? (4) Do the sensing object and the workpiece speed satisfy the ratings and specifications? () Are any foreign objects, such as debris or dust, adhering to the Emitter lens or lens? (6) Is strong light, such as sunlight (e.g., reflected from a wall), shining on the? (7) Do not attempt to disassemble or repair the under any circumstances. (8) If you determine that the clearly has a failure, immediately turn the power supply. Lens and Case The lens and case of the Photoelectric are primarily made of plastic. Dirt should be gently wiped off with a dry cloth. Do not use thinner or other organic solvents. The case of the EZM, EZM-C and ES-C is metal. The lens, however, is plastic. Accessories Using a Reflector (E9-R/R7/RS/RS2/RS) During Application () When using adhesive tape on the rear face, apply it after washing away oil and dust with detergent. The Reflector cannot be mounted if there is any oil or dirt remaining. (2) Do not press on the E9-RS/RS2/RS with metal or a fingernail.this may weaken performance. () This cannot be used in locations where oil or chemicals may splash on the. M8 and M2 Connectors Be sure to connect or disconnect the connector after turning the. Hold the connector cover to connect or disconnect the connector. Secure the connector cover by hand. Do not use pliers, otherwise the connector may be damaged. If the connector is not connected securely, the connector may be disconnected by vibration or the proper degree of protection of the may not be maintained. Others Values Given in Typical Examples The data and values given as typical examples are not ratings and performance and do not indicate specified performance. They are rather values from samples taken from production lots, and are provided for reference as guidelines. Typical examples include the minimum sensing object, engineering data, step (height) detection data, and selection list for specifications. Cleaning Keep organic solvents away from the. Organic solvents will dissolve the surface. Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved. C-6

27 Read and Understand This Catalog Please read and understand this catalog before purchasing the products. Please consult your OMR representative if you have any questions or comments. Warranty and Limitations of Liability WARRANTY OMR's exclusive warranty is that the products are free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year (or other period if specifi ed) from date of sale by OMR. OMR MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATI, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING N-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE PRODUCTS. ANY BUYER OR USER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THE BUYER OR USER ALE HAS DETERMINED THAT THE PRODUCTS WILL SUITABLY MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THEIR INTENDED USE. OMR DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. LIMITATIS OF LIABILITY OMR SHALL NOT BE RESPSIBLE FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR COMMERCIAL LOSS IN ANY WAY CNECTED WITH THE PRODUCTS, WHETHER SUCH CLAIM IS BASED CTRACT, WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, OR STRICT LIABILITY. In no event shall responsibility of OMR for any act exceed the individual price of the product on which liability is asserted. IN NO EVENT SHALL OMR BE RESPSIBLE FOR WARRANTY, REPAIR, OR OTHER CLAIMS REGARDING THE PRODUCTS UNLESS OMR'S ANALYSIS CFIRMS THAT THE PRODUCTS WERE PROPERLY HANDLED, STORED, INSTALLED, AND MAINTAINED AND NOT SUBJECT TO CTAMINATI, ABUSE, MISUSE, OR INAPPROPRIATE MODIFICATI OR REPAIR. Application Considerations SUITABILITY FOR USE OMR shall not be responsible for conformity with any standards, codes, or regulations that apply to the combination of products in the customer's application or use of the product. At the customer's request, OMR will provide applicable third party certifi cation documents identifying ratings and limitations of use that apply to the products. This information by itself is not suffi cient for a complete determination of the suitability of the products in combination with the end product, machine, system, or other application or use. The following are some examples of applications for which particular attention must be given. This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all possible uses of the products, nor is it intended to imply that the uses listed may be suitable for the products: Outdoor use, uses involving potential chemical contamination or electrical interference, or conditions or uses not described in this catalog. Nuclear energy control systems, combustion systems, railroad systems, aviation systems, medical equipment, amusement machines, vehicles, safety equipment, and installations subject to separate industry or government regulations. Systems, machines, and equipment that could present a risk to life or property. Please know and observe all prohibitions of use applicable to the products. NEVER USE THE PRODUCTS FOR AN APPLICATI INVOLVING SERIOUS RISK TO LIFE OR PROPERTY WITHOUT ENSURING THAT THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE RISKS, AND THAT THE OMR PRODUCT IS PROPERLY RATED AND INSTALLED FOR THE INTENDED USE WITHIN THE OVERALL EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM. Disclaimers CHANGE IN SPECIFICATIS Product specifi cations and accessories may be changed at any time based on improvements and other reasons. It is our practice to change model numbers when published ratings or features are changed, or when signifi cant construction changes are made. However, some specifi cations of the product may be changed without any notice. When in doubt, special model numbers may be assigned to fi x or establish key specifi cations for your application on your request. Please consult with your OMR representative at any time to confi rm actual specifi cations of purchased product. DIMENSIS AND WEIGHTS Dimensions and weights are nominal and are not to be used for manufacturing purposes, even when tolerances are shown. ERRORS AND OMISSIS The information in this catalog has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate; however, no responsibility is assumed for clerical, typographical, or proofreading errors, or omissions. PERFORMANCE DATA Performance data given in this catalog is provided as a guide for the user in determining suitability and does not constitute a warranty. It may represent the result of OMR s test conditions, and the users must correlate it to actual application requirements. Actual performance is subject to the OMR Warranty and Limitations of Liability. PROGRAMMABLE PRODUCTS OMR shall not be responsible for the user's programming of a programmable product, or any consequence thereof. COPYRIGHT AND COPY PERMISSI This catalog shall not be copied for sales or promotions without permission. This catalog is protected by copyright and is intended solely for use in conjunction with the product. Please notify us before copying or reproducing this catalog in any manner, for any other purpose. If copying or transmitting this catalog to another, please copy or transmit it in its entirety. OMR Corporation Industrial Automation Company In the interest of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. (c)copyright OMR Corporation 08 All Rights Reserved.