CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University"

Transcription

1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [MEMORY MANAGEMENT] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University MS-DOS.COM? How does performing fast I/O fit into all of this? What if you have compile-time binding, and you wait before running it and that memory segment was taken? Why not compress memory contents? Wouldn t that would save memory space requirements? ISA only for registers and main-memory? No instructions for the cache? Contiguous vs. non-contiguous Other questions: TLB, pages, etc. L20.1 L20.2 Topics covered in this lecture Contiguous memory allocations Fragmentations External and Internal Paging Hardware support for paging Dynamic Storage Allocation Problem Satisfying a request of size n from the set of available spaces First fit Best fit Worst fit L20.3 L20.4 First fit Scan list of segments until you find a memory-hole that is big enough Hole is broken up into two pieces One for the process The other is unused memory Best Fit Scan the entire list from beginning to the end Pick the smallest memory-hole that is adequate to host the process L20.5 L20.6 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.1

2 Comparing Best Fit and First Fit Best fit is slower than first fit Surprisingly, it also results in more wasted memory than first fit Tends to fill up memory with tiny, useless holes Worst fit How about going to the other extreme? Always take the largest available memory-hole Perhaps, the new memory-hole would be useful Simulations have shown that worst fit is not a good idea either L20.7 L20.8 Contiguous Memory Allocation: Fragmentation As processes are loaded/removed from memory Free memory space is broken into small pieces External fragmentation Enough space to satisfy request; BUT Available spaces are not contiguous FRAGMENTATION L20.9 L20.10 Fragmentation: Example Fragmentation can be internal as well P 3 P 4 P 5 P 1 Process P 5 cannot be loaded because memory space is fragmented Memory allocated to process may be slightly larger than requested Internal fragmentation Unused memory is internal to blocks P 2 L20.11 L20.12 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.2

3 Compaction: Solution to external fragmentation Shuffle memory contents Objective: Place free memory into large block Not possible if relocation is static Load time Approach involves moving: 1 Processes towards one end 2 Gaps towards the other end Compaction: Example P 3 P P 5 4 P 1 P 2 L20.13 L20.14 Memory compaction is time intensive and is usually not done Let s consider a machine with 1 GB of RAM The machine can copy 4 bytes in 20 nanoseconds Time to compact all the memory? 10 9 x (20x10-9 /4) = 5 seconds (approximately) Note: 1 GB is approximately 10 9 bytes. Summarizing the pure Swapping based approach Bring in each process, in its entirety, into memory Run process for a while before eviction due to: Space being needed for another process Process becomes idle n Idle processes should not take up space in memory L20.15 L20.16 OVERVIEW OF THE MAPPING PROCESS L20.17 L20.18 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.3

4 Overview of how mapping of logical and physical addresses is performed Virtual address CPU Memory Management Unit (MMU) Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) Physical Memory Noncontiguous memory management Physical address MMU may access Physical Memory to perform translations {PageTable may be stored there} PAGING L20.19 L20.20 The Paging memory management scheme Physical address space of process can be noncontiguous Solves problem of fitting variable-sized memory chunks to backing store Backing store has fragmentation problem n Compaction is impossible Basic method for implementing paging Break memory into fixed-sized blocks Physical memory: frames Same size Logical memory: pages Backing store is also divided the same way L20.21 L20.22 What will seem odd, and perhaps cool, about paging [1/2] While a program thinks of its memory as linear It is usually scattered throughout physical memory in a kind of abstract mosaic The processor will execute one instruction after another using virtual addresses The virtual addresses are still linear However, an instruction located at the end of a page will be located in a completely different region of physical memory from the next instruction at start of another page What will seem odd, and perhaps cool, about paging [2/2] Data structures appear to be contiguous using virtual addresses But a large matrix is scattered across many physical page frames L20.23 L20.24 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.4

5 Paging: Analogy Paging: Logical and Physical Memory Shuffling several decks of cards together A single process in its virtual address page sees the cards of a single deck in order A different process sees a completely different deck, but it will also be in order In physical memory, however, the decks of all processes currently running will be shuffled together, apparently at random Page tables are the magician s assistant in locating cards from the shuffled decks L20.25 Page 0 Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Logical Memory Page Table Page 0 Page 2 Page 1 Page 3 Physical Memory L20.26 Paging Hardware: Performing address translation Page size Page number Logical Address CPU p d Page offset Physical Address f f d Frame f A power of 2 Typical sizes: 512 bytes 16 MB Size of logical address: 2 m Page size: 2 n p f f Page number m - n Page offset n m bits Logical address Page Table L20.27 L20.28 Paging and Fragmentation No external fragmentation Free frame available for allocation to other processes Internal fragmentation possible Last frame may not be full If process size is independent of page size n Internal fragmentation = ½ page per process Page sizes Processes, data sets, and memory have all grown over time Page sizes have also increased Some CPUs/kernels support multiple page sizes L20.29 L20.30 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.5

6 Paging: User program views memory as a single space Program is scattered throughout memory User view and physical memory reconciled by Address-translation hardware Process has no way of addressing memory outside of its page table OS manages the physical memory Maintains frame-table; one entry per frame Free or allocated? If allocated: Which page of which process Maintains a page table for each process Used by CPU dispatcher to define hardware page table when process is CPU-bound n Paging increases context switching time L20.31 L20.32 Example: 32-bit address space Page size = 4K Logical address = 0x23FA427 What s the offset within the page? 0x427 What s the page number? 0x23FA Page table entry maps 0x23FA to frame 0x12345 what is the physical memory address for the logical address? 0x Example: 32-bit address space Page size = 1K Logical address = 0x23FA427 What s the offset within the page? What s the page number? L20.33 L20.34 The purpose of the page table is to map virtual pages onto physical frames Think of the page table as a function Takes virtual page number as an argument Produces physical frame number as result All accesses to memory must go through a map. Efficiency is important. HARDWARE SUPPORT FOR PAGING Virtual page field in virtual address replaced by frame field Physical memory address L20.35 L20.36 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.6

7 Two major issues facing page tables Can be extremely large With a 4 KB page size, a 32-bit address space has 1 million pages Also, each process has its own page table The mapping must be fast Virtual-to-physical mapping must be done on every memory reference Page table lookup should not be a bottleneck Implementing the page table: Dedicated registers When a process is assigned the CPU, the dispatcher reloads these registers Feasible if the page table is small However, for most contemporary systems entries are greater than 10 6 L20.37 L20.38 Implementing the page table in memory Page table base register (PTBR) points to page table 2 memory accesses for each access One for the page-table entry One for the byte Observation Most programs make a large number of references to a small number of pages Not the other way around Only a small fraction of the page table entries are heavily read Others are barely used at all L20.39 L20.40 Translation look-aside buffer Small, fast-lookup hardware cache Number of TLB entries is small (64 ~ 1024) Contains few page-table entries Each entry of the TLB consists of 2 parts A key and a value When the associative memory is presented with an item Item is compared with all keys simultaneously Using the TLB with page tables (1) TLB contains only a few page table entries When a logical address is generated by the CPU, the page number is presented to the TLB When frame number is found, use to access memory Usually just 10-20% longer than an unmapped memory reference L20.41 L20.42 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.7

8 Using the TLB with page tables (2) What if there is a TLB miss? Memory reference to page table is made Replacement policies for the entries Some TLBs allow certain entries to be wired down TLB entries for kernel code are wired down TLB and Address Space Identifiers (ASIDs) ASID uniquely identifies each process Allows TLB to contain addresses from several different processes simultaneously When resolving page numbers TLB ensures that ASIDs match If not, it is treated as a TLB miss L20.43 L20.44 Without ASIDs TLB must be flushed with every context switch Each process has its own page table Without flushing or ASIDs, TLB could include old entries Valid virtual addresses But incorrect or invalid physical addresses n From previous process The contents of this slide-set are based on the following references Avi Silberschatz, Peter Galvin, Greg Gagne. Operating Systems Concepts, 9 th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN-13: [Chapter 8] Andrew S Tanenbaum and Herbert Bos. Modern Operating Systems. 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN: X/ [Chapter 3] Thomas Anderson and Michael Dahlin. Operating Systems Principles and Practice. 2nd Edition. Recursive Books. ISBN: [Chapter 8] L20.45 L20.46 SLIDES CREATED BY: SHRIDEEP PALLICKARA L20.8

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [MEMORY MANAGEMENT] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L20.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Virtual addresses L20.2 SLIDES

More information

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [MEMORY MANAGEMENT] Matrices in Banker s algorithm Max, need, allocated Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado

More information

CS370 Operating Systems

CS370 Operating Systems CS370 Operating Systems Colorado State University Yashwant K Malaiya Spring 2018 L17 Main Memory Slides based on Text by Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne Various sources 1 1 FAQ Was Great Dijkstra a magician?

More information

Chapter 9 Memory Management Main Memory Operating system concepts. Sixth Edition. Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne 8.1

Chapter 9 Memory Management Main Memory Operating system concepts. Sixth Edition. Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne 8.1 Chapter 9 Memory Management Main Memory Operating system concepts. Sixth Edition. Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne 8.1 Chapter 9: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation

More information

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2016] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2016] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 7: OPERATING SYSTEMS [MEMORY MANAGEMENT] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University TLB Does the TLB work in practice? n

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [FILE SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L28.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey How are files recovered if the drive

More information

6 - Main Memory EECE 315 (101) ECE UBC 2013 W2

6 - Main Memory EECE 315 (101) ECE UBC 2013 W2 6 - Main Memory EECE 315 (101) ECE UBC 2013 W2 Acknowledgement: This set of slides is partly based on the PPTs provided by the Wiley s companion website (including textbook images, when not explicitly

More information

Memory Management. CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science

Memory Management. CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science Memory Management CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science Notice: The slides for this lecture are based on those from Operating Systems Concepts, 9th ed., by Silberschatz, Galvin,

More information

Chapter 8: Memory Management. Operating System Concepts with Java 8 th Edition

Chapter 8: Memory Management. Operating System Concepts with Java 8 th Edition Chapter 8: Memory Management 8.1 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2009 Background Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process for it to be run Main memory and registers are

More information

Chapter 7: Main Memory. Operating System Concepts Essentials 8 th Edition

Chapter 7: Main Memory. Operating System Concepts Essentials 8 th Edition Chapter 7: Main Memory Operating System Concepts Essentials 8 th Edition Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2011 Chapter 7: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure

More information

Chapter 8: Main Memory

Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Main Memory Operating System Concepts 8 th Edition,! Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2009! Chapter 8: Memory Management Background" Swapping " Contiguous Memory Allocation" Paging" Structure

More information

Chapter 8: Main Memory

Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium 8.2 Silberschatz, Galvin

More information

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation

More information

Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies

Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies, Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2009 Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS : OPERATING SYSTEMS [VIRTUAL MEMORY] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L. Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Contents of page table entries in multilevel

More information

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [FILE SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University If you have a file with scattered blocks,

More information

Outlook. Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium

Outlook. Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium Main Memory Outlook Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium 2 Backgound Background So far we considered how to share

More information

CS420: Operating Systems. Paging and Page Tables

CS420: Operating Systems. Paging and Page Tables Paging and Page Tables James Moscola Department of Physical Sciences York College of Pennsylvania Based on Operating System Concepts, 9th Edition by Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne Paging Paging is a memory-management

More information

CS307: Operating Systems

CS307: Operating Systems CS307: Operating Systems Chentao Wu 吴晨涛 Associate Professor Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University SEIEE Building 3-513 wuct@cs.sjtu.edu.cn Download Lectures ftp://public.sjtu.edu.cn

More information

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation

More information

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies

Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the Page Table Example: The Intel 32 and

More information

Basic Memory Management. Basic Memory Management. Address Binding. Running a user program. Operating Systems 10/14/2018 CSC 256/456 1

Basic Memory Management. Basic Memory Management. Address Binding. Running a user program. Operating Systems 10/14/2018 CSC 256/456 1 Basic Memory Management Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process for it to be run Basic Memory Management CS 256/456 Dept. of Computer Science, University of Rochester Mono-programming

More information

CS307 Operating Systems Main Memory

CS307 Operating Systems Main Memory CS307 Main Memory Fan Wu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Spring 2018 Background Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process

More information

Lecture 8 Memory Management Strategies (chapter 8)

Lecture 8 Memory Management Strategies (chapter 8) Bilkent University Department of Computer Engineering CS342 Operating Systems Lecture 8 Memory Management Strategies (chapter 8) Dr. İbrahim Körpeoğlu http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~korpe 1 References The

More information

Basic Memory Management

Basic Memory Management Basic Memory Management CS 256/456 Dept. of Computer Science, University of Rochester 10/15/14 CSC 2/456 1 Basic Memory Management Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process for it

More information

Chapter 8: Memory Management

Chapter 8: Memory Management Chapter 8: Memory Management Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 8.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2005 Background Program/Code

More information

Memory Management. Dr. Yingwu Zhu

Memory Management. Dr. Yingwu Zhu Memory Management Dr. Yingwu Zhu Big picture Main memory is a resource A process/thread is being executing, the instructions & data must be in memory Assumption: Main memory is infinite Allocation of memory

More information

Memory Management. Contents: Memory Management. How to generate code? Background

Memory Management. Contents: Memory Management. How to generate code? Background TDIU11 Operating systems Contents: Memory Management Memory Management [SGG7/8/9] Chapter 8 Background Relocation Dynamic loading and linking Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Copyright

More information

Chapter 8: Main Memory. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition

Chapter 8: Main Memory. Operating System Concepts 9 th Edition Chapter 8: Main Memory Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the Page Table Example: The Intel

More information

CSE 4/521 Introduction to Operating Systems. Lecture 14 Main Memory III (Paging, Structure of Page Table) Summer 2018

CSE 4/521 Introduction to Operating Systems. Lecture 14 Main Memory III (Paging, Structure of Page Table) Summer 2018 CSE 4/521 Introduction to Operating Systems Lecture 14 Main Memory III (Paging, Structure of Page Table) Summer 2018 Overview Objective: To discuss how paging works in contemporary computer systems. Paging

More information

Memory Management. Dr. Yingwu Zhu

Memory Management. Dr. Yingwu Zhu Memory Management Dr. Yingwu Zhu Big picture Main memory is a resource A process/thread is being executing, the instructions & data must be in memory Assumption: Main memory is super big to hold a program

More information

Chapter 8 Memory Management

Chapter 8 Memory Management Chapter 8 Memory Management Da-Wei Chang CSIE.NCKU Source: Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin, and Greg Gagne, "Operating System Concepts", 9th Edition, Wiley. 1 Outline Background Swapping Contiguous

More information

Chapter 3 - Memory Management

Chapter 3 - Memory Management Chapter 3 - Memory Management Luis Tarrataca luis.tarrataca@gmail.com CEFET-RJ L. Tarrataca Chapter 3 - Memory Management 1 / 222 1 A Memory Abstraction: Address Spaces The Notion of an Address Space Swapping

More information

Chapter 8: Main Memory

Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Main Memory Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the Page Table Example: The Intel

More information

Memory Management. Memory Management

Memory Management. Memory Management Memory Management Gordon College Stephen Brinton Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 1 Background Program must be brought into memory

More information

Memory Management. Reading: Silberschatz chapter 9 Reading: Stallings. chapter 7 EEL 358

Memory Management. Reading: Silberschatz chapter 9 Reading: Stallings. chapter 7 EEL 358 Memory Management Reading: Silberschatz chapter 9 Reading: Stallings chapter 7 1 Outline Background Issues in Memory Management Logical Vs Physical address, MMU Dynamic Loading Memory Partitioning Placement

More information

Module 8: Memory Management

Module 8: Memory Management Module 8: Memory Management Background Logical versus Physical Address Space Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging Operating System Concepts 8.1 Silberschatz and Galvin

More information

Chapter 8: Memory Management. Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging

Chapter 8: Memory Management. Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 1 Background Memory management is crucial in better utilizing one of the most important

More information

Logical versus Physical Address Space

Logical versus Physical Address Space CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT Background Logical versus Physical Address Space Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging Operating System Concepts, Addison-Wesley 1994

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [CPU SCHEDULING] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L14.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Turnstiles: Queue for threads blocked

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [THREADS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L7.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey When a process is waiting, does it get

More information

Memory management. Last modified: Adaptation of Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne slides for the textbook Applied Operating Systems Concepts

Memory management. Last modified: Adaptation of Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne slides for the textbook Applied Operating Systems Concepts Memory management Last modified: 26.04.2016 1 Contents Background Logical and physical address spaces; address binding Overlaying, swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of

More information

Part Three - Memory Management. Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies

Part Three - Memory Management. Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies Part Three - Memory Management Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies 8.1 Background 8.2 Swapping 8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation 8.4 Segmentation 8.5 Paging 8.6

More information

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University CS 370: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & SOFTWARE [MASS STORAGE] Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L29.1 L29.2 Topics covered

More information

8.1 Background. Part Four - Memory Management. Chapter 8: Memory-Management Management Strategies. Chapter 8: Memory Management

8.1 Background. Part Four - Memory Management. Chapter 8: Memory-Management Management Strategies. Chapter 8: Memory Management Part Four - Memory Management 8.1 Background Chapter 8: Memory-Management Management Strategies Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process for it to be run Input queue collection of

More information

Topics: Memory Management (SGG, Chapter 08) 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.6 CS 3733 Operating Systems

Topics: Memory Management (SGG, Chapter 08) 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.6 CS 3733 Operating Systems Topics: Memory Management (SGG, Chapter 08) 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5, 8.6 CS 3733 Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Turgay Korkmaz Department Computer Science The University of Texas at San Antonio Office: NPB

More information

CS 3733 Operating Systems:

CS 3733 Operating Systems: CS 3733 Operating Systems: Topics: Memory Management (SGG, Chapter 08) Instructor: Dr Dakai Zhu Department of Computer Science @ UTSA 1 Reminders Assignment 2: extended to Monday (March 5th) midnight:

More information

Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation

Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Basic Hardware Address Binding Logical VS Physical Address Space Dynamic Loading Dynamic Linking and Shared

More information

CSE 421/521 - Operating Systems Fall Lecture - XII Main Memory Management. Tevfik Koşar. University at Buffalo. October 18 th, 2012.

CSE 421/521 - Operating Systems Fall Lecture - XII Main Memory Management. Tevfik Koşar. University at Buffalo. October 18 th, 2012. CSE 421/521 - Operating Systems Fall 2012 Lecture - XII Main Memory Management Tevfik Koşar University at Buffalo October 18 th, 2012 1 Roadmap Main Memory Management Fixed and Dynamic Memory Allocation

More information

Main Memory (Part I)

Main Memory (Part I) Main Memory (Part I) Amir H. Payberah amir@sics.se Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Amir H. Payberah (Tehran Polytechnic) Main Memory 1393/8/5 1 / 47 Motivation and Background Amir

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [PROCESSES] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L3.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Processors, CPU, and Core: Can we please

More information

Chapter 8: Main Memory

Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Main Memory Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the Page Table Example: The Intel 32 and 64-bit Architectures Example:

More information

The Memory Management Unit. Operating Systems. Autumn CS4023

The Memory Management Unit. Operating Systems. Autumn CS4023 Operating Systems Autumn 2017-2018 Outline The Memory Management Unit 1 The Memory Management Unit Logical vs. Physical Address Space The concept of a logical address space that is bound to a separate

More information

Module 8: Memory Management

Module 8: Memory Management Module 8: Memory Management Background Logical versus Physical Address Space Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 8.1 Background Program must be brought into memory

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [CPU SCHEDULING] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L15.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Could we record burst times in

More information

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & SOFTWARE [FILE SYSTEMS] Interpretation of metdata from different file systems Error Correction on hard disks? Shrideep

More information

Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies

Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory-Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory Management Strategies Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the Page Table Example: The Intel 32 and

More information

Module 9: Memory Management. Background. Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory

Module 9: Memory Management. Background. Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory Module 9: Memory Management Background Logical versus Physical Address Space Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 9.1 Background Program must be brought into memory

More information

Chapter 9: Memory Management. Background

Chapter 9: Memory Management. Background 1 Chapter 9: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 9.1 Background Program must be brought into memory and placed within a process for

More information

Memory and multiprogramming

Memory and multiprogramming Memory and multiprogramming COMP342 27 Week 5 Dr Len Hamey Reading TW: Tanenbaum and Woodhull, Operating Systems, Third Edition, chapter 4. References (computer architecture): HP: Hennessy and Patterson

More information

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & SOFTWARE [CPU SCHEDULING] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University OpenMP compiler directives

More information

Chapter 8: Memory- Manage g me m nt n S tra r t a e t gie i s

Chapter 8: Memory- Manage g me m nt n S tra r t a e t gie i s Chapter 8: Memory- Management Strategies Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium 2009/12/16

More information

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS : OPERATNG SYSTEMS [VRTUAL MEMORY] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University Multi-level paging: How many levels deep?

More information

Roadmap. Tevfik Koşar. CSC Operating Systems Spring Lecture - XII Main Memory - II. Louisiana State University

Roadmap. Tevfik Koşar. CSC Operating Systems Spring Lecture - XII Main Memory - II. Louisiana State University CSC 4103 - Operating Systems Spring 2007 Lecture - XII Main Memory - II Tevfik Koşar Louisiana State University March 8 th, 2007 1 Roadmap Dynamic Loading & Linking Contiguous Memory Allocation Fragmentation

More information

Chapter 8: Memory Management

Chapter 8: Memory Management Chapter 8: Memory Management Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with Paging 8.2 Background Program must be brought into memory and placed

More information

Main Memory. CISC3595, Spring 2015 X. Zhang Fordham University

Main Memory. CISC3595, Spring 2015 X. Zhang Fordham University Main Memory CISC3595, Spring 2015 X. Zhang Fordham University 1 Memory Management! Background!! Contiguous Memory Allocation!! Paging!! Structure of the Page Table!! Segmentation!! Example: The Intel Pentium

More information

Main Memory (Part II)

Main Memory (Part II) Main Memory (Part II) Amir H. Payberah amir@sics.se Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Amir H. Payberah (Tehran Polytechnic) Main Memory 1393/8/17 1 / 50 Reminder Amir H. Payberah

More information

CHAPTER 8 - MEMORY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

CHAPTER 8 - MEMORY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES CHAPTER 8 - MEMORY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OBJECTIVES Detailed description of various ways of organizing memory hardware Various memory-management techniques, including paging and segmentation To provide

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [FILE SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L27.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Type-1 or Type-2? Which is better?

More information

Performance of Various Levels of Storage. Movement between levels of storage hierarchy can be explicit or implicit

Performance of Various Levels of Storage. Movement between levels of storage hierarchy can be explicit or implicit Memory Management All data in memory before and after processing All instructions in memory in order to execute Memory management determines what is to be in memory Memory management activities Keeping

More information

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: Operating Systems [Spring 2017] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [MASS STORAGE] How does the OS caching optimize disk performance? How does file compression work? Does the disk change

More information

Operating Systems. Memory Management. Lecture 9 Michael O Boyle

Operating Systems. Memory Management. Lecture 9 Michael O Boyle Operating Systems Memory Management Lecture 9 Michael O Boyle 1 Memory Management Background Logical/Virtual Address Space vs Physical Address Space Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Goals

More information

Chapter 8 & Chapter 9 Main Memory & Virtual Memory

Chapter 8 & Chapter 9 Main Memory & Virtual Memory Chapter 8 & Chapter 9 Main Memory & Virtual Memory 1. Various ways of organizing memory hardware. 2. Memory-management techniques: 1. Paging 2. Segmentation. Introduction Memory consists of a large array

More information

Virtual Memory. CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science

Virtual Memory. CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science Virtual Memory CSCI 315 Operating Systems Design Department of Computer Science Notice: The slides for this lecture have been largely based on those from an earlier edition of the course text Operating

More information

CS370 Operating Systems

CS370 Operating Systems CS370 Operating Systems Colorado State University Yashwant K Malaiya Fall 2017 Lecture 20 Main Memory Slides based on Text by Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne Various sources 1 1 Pages Pages and frames Page

More information

Memory Management. Minsoo Ryu. Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University.

Memory Management. Minsoo Ryu. Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University. Memory Management Minsoo Ryu Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University msryu@hanyang.ac.kr Topics Covered Introduction Memory Allocation and Fragmentation Address Translation Paging

More information

Memory Management Minsoo Ryu Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University

Memory Management Minsoo Ryu Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University Memory Management Minsoo Ryu Real-Time Computing and Communications Lab. Hanyang University msryu@hanyang.ac.kr Topics Covered Introduction Memory Allocation and Fragmentation Address Translation Paging

More information

Addresses in the source program are generally symbolic. A compiler will typically bind these symbolic addresses to re-locatable addresses.

Addresses in the source program are generally symbolic. A compiler will typically bind these symbolic addresses to re-locatable addresses. 1 Memory Management Address Binding The normal procedures is to select one of the processes in the input queue and to load that process into memory. As the process executed, it accesses instructions and

More information

CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT. By I-Chen Lin Textbook: Operating System Concepts 9th Ed.

CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT. By I-Chen Lin Textbook: Operating System Concepts 9th Ed. CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT By I-Chen Lin Textbook: Operating System Concepts 9th Ed. Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Segmentation Paging Structure of the

More information

I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Concepts 8ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY

I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Concepts 8ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Concepts 8ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the

More information

Hardware Address Binding Memory Allocation References. Physical Memory. Daniel Bosk 1

Hardware Address Binding Memory Allocation References. Physical Memory. Daniel Bosk 1 Physical Memory Daniel Bosk 1 Department of Information and Communication Systems (ICS), Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall. physmem.tex 233 2018-02-18 21:20:05Z jimahl 1 1 This work is licensed under the

More information

Goals of Memory Management

Goals of Memory Management Memory Management Goals of Memory Management Allocate available memory efficiently to multiple processes Main functions Allocate memory to processes when needed Keep track of what memory is used and what

More information

Chapters 9 & 10: Memory Management and Virtual Memory

Chapters 9 & 10: Memory Management and Virtual Memory Chapters 9 & 10: Memory Management and Virtual Memory Important concepts (for final, projects, papers) addressing: physical/absolute, logical/relative/virtual overlays swapping and paging memory protection

More information

Operating Systems. 09. Memory Management Part 1. Paul Krzyzanowski. Rutgers University. Spring 2015

Operating Systems. 09. Memory Management Part 1. Paul Krzyzanowski. Rutgers University. Spring 2015 Operating Systems 09. Memory Management Part 1 Paul Krzyzanowski Rutgers University Spring 2015 March 9, 2015 2014-2015 Paul Krzyzanowski 1 CPU Access to Memory The CPU reads instructions and reads/write

More information

I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Principles 7ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY

I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Principles 7ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY I.-C. Lin, Assistant Professor. Textbook: Operating System Principles 7ed CHAPTER 8: MEMORY MANAGEMENT Chapter 8: Memory Management Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of

More information

9.1 Background. In Chapter 6, we showed how the CPU can be shared by a set of processes. As a result of

9.1 Background. In Chapter 6, we showed how the CPU can be shared by a set of processes. As a result of Chapter 9 MEMORY MANAGEMENT In Chapter 6, we showed how the CPU can be shared by a set of processes. As a result of CPU scheduling, we can improve both the utilization of the CPU and the speed of the computer's

More information

P r a t t hr h ee e : e M e M m e o m r o y y M a M n a a n g a e g m e e m n e t 8.1/72

P r a t t hr h ee e : e M e M m e o m r o y y M a M n a a n g a e g m e e m n e t 8.1/72 Part three: Memory Management programs, together with the data they access, must be in main memory (at least partially) during execution. the computer keeps several processes in memory. Many memory-management

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 370: OPERATING SYSTEMS [DEADLOCKS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L16.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Exponential Moving Average Is the α

More information

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University

CS370: System Architecture & Software [Fall 2014] Dept. Of Computer Science, Colorado State University CS 370: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE & SOFTWARE [DISK SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS] Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L30.1 L30.2

More information

Operating Systems Unit 6. Memory Management

Operating Systems Unit 6. Memory Management Unit 6 Memory Management Structure 6.1 Introduction Objectives 6.2 Logical versus Physical Address Space 6.3 Swapping 6.4 Contiguous Allocation Single partition Allocation Multiple Partition Allocation

More information

Operating Systems. Designed and Presented by Dr. Ayman Elshenawy Elsefy

Operating Systems. Designed and Presented by Dr. Ayman Elshenawy Elsefy Operating Systems Designed and Presented by Dr. Ayman Elshenawy Elsefy Dept. of Systems & Computer Eng.. AL-AZHAR University Website : eaymanelshenawy.wordpress.com Email : eaymanelshenawy@yahoo.com Reference

More information

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey

Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey CS 455: INTRODUCTION TO DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS [FILE SYSTEMS] Shrideep Pallickara Computer Science Colorado State University L27.1 Frequently asked questions from the previous class survey How many choices

More information

Memory Management Cache Base and Limit Registers base limit Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory Compile time absolute code Load time

Memory Management Cache Base and Limit Registers base limit Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory Compile time absolute code Load time Memory Management To provide a detailed description of various ways of organizing memory hardware To discuss various memory-management techniques, including paging and segmentation To provide a detailed

More information

CS420: Operating Systems

CS420: Operating Systems Main Memory James Moscola Department of Engineering & Computer Science York College of Pennsylvania Based on Operating System Concepts, 9th Edition by Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne Background Program must

More information

Principles of Operating Systems

Principles of Operating Systems Principles of Operating Systems Lecture 18-20 - Main Memory Ardalan Amiri Sani (ardalan@uci.edu) [lecture slides contains some content adapted from previous slides by Prof. Nalini Venkatasubramanian, and

More information

Memory Management. Goals of Memory Management. Mechanism. Policies

Memory Management. Goals of Memory Management. Mechanism. Policies Memory Management Design, Spring 2011 Department of Computer Science Rutgers Sakai: 01:198:416 Sp11 (https://sakai.rutgers.edu) Memory Management Goals of Memory Management Convenient abstraction for programming

More information

Lecture 7. Memory Management

Lecture 7. Memory Management Lecture 7 Memory Management 1 Lecture Contents 1. Memory Management Requirements 2. Memory Partitioning 3. Paging 4. Segmentation 2 Memory Memory is an array of words or bytes, each with its own address.

More information

Main Memory. Electrical and Computer Engineering Stephen Kim ECE/IUPUI RTOS & APPS 1

Main Memory. Electrical and Computer Engineering Stephen Kim ECE/IUPUI RTOS & APPS 1 Main Memory Electrical and Computer Engineering Stephen Kim (dskim@iupui.edu) ECE/IUPUI RTOS & APPS 1 Main Memory Background Swapping Contiguous allocation Paging Segmentation Segmentation with paging

More information

Memory Management. Memory

Memory Management. Memory Memory Management These slides are created by Dr. Huang of George Mason University. Students registered in Dr. Huang s courses at GMU can make a single machine readable copy and print a single copy of

More information

SHANDONG UNIVERSITY 1

SHANDONG UNIVERSITY 1 Chapter 8 Main Memory SHANDONG UNIVERSITY 1 Contents Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Structure of the Page Table Segmentation Example: The Intel Pentium SHANDONG UNIVERSITY 2 Objectives

More information