A+ Study Guide ( )

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "A+ Study Guide ( )"

Transcription

1 A+ Study Guide ( ) This is our study guide for CompTIA's A+ certification exam ( ). We hope you find this guide useful in your studies. Listed below is the breakdown of the test percentages by domain, which should help prioritize your studying: Domain Percentage of Examination 1.0 Hardware 38% 2.0 Operating Systems 34% 3.0 Networking 15% 4.0 Security 13% Total 100% Domain 1.0: Hardware Domain 1.1: Given a scenario, install, configure and maintain personal computer components Storage devices o HDD: Hard drives SATA: Installation for SATA drives is slightly different than for PATA drives, as there is no jumper setting necessary the SATA controller does the work and every SATA drive connects directly to a connector; there is no master/slave relationship with SATA drives. The installation process is straightforward: Special note: With this general procedure, as with any procedure that involves handling components and working inside a computer, it is imperative the technician take proper ESD precautions before beginning: wearing a properly fitted wrist strap attached to an antistatic mat or grounded against the computer chassis; working at a grounded workstation, preferably on an antistatic rubber mat or special antistatic carpet; using anti-esd bags to store components until needed. See the A study guide for a more detailed breakdown of ESD precautions. It is assumed that technicians will follow ESD precautions as a first step before beginning work in any and every procedure. If the tech isn t sure an internal bay is available, open the system and check for an open 3.5-inch drive bay. If a 3.5-inch drive bay is not available but a 5.25-inch drive bay is, attach an adapter kit and rails to the SATA drive. Attach the SATA cable to the drive. SATA cables are keyed so there s only one way they can be connected. Slide the drive into the appropriate bay; use screws or snap rails into place to attach the drive to the bay.

2 Attach the power connector to the drive. If an edge connector is not available, use the Molex-edge connector adapter to convert one. It may be necessary to purchase a power connector, but unlikely, since SATA is the current drive standard. Attach the data cable to the host adapter on the motherboard or SATA adapter. Verify correct data and power connections. Turn on the computer and go into the BIOS if the SATA host adapter is built into the motherboard. Ensure the SATA host adapter is activated, save changes if applicable and restart your system. If the SATA drive is connected to an adapter card, watch for startup messages to ensure the host adapter BIOS has located the drive. If applicable, install drivers for the OS to enable the SATA drive and host adapter when prompted. PATA: For older machines that still use PATA drives (also known as EIDE or IDE), the installation process is similar: If the tech isn t sure an internal bay is available, open the system and check for an open 3.5-inch drive bay. If a 3.5-inch drive bay is not available but a 5.25-inch drive bay is, attach an adapter kit and rails to the PATA drive. Set the drive jumpers according to the configuration being used. 40-wire cables use master and slave settings, whereas 80-wire cables use either cable select or master and slave settings. Hard drives should only use 80-wire cables, although other drives can use either 40-wire or 80-wire cables. Connect the drive cable to the drive, matching the colored marking on the cable edge to the drive connector s pin 1. Pin 1 might be marked with a square solder hole on the drive s underside or by silk-screening. Otherwise, pin 1 is generally the one nearest the power connector. If necessary, disconnect the cable from the host adapter or other PATA drive to create sufficient slack. Slide the drive into the appropriate bay; use screws or snap rails into place to attach the drive to the bay. Attach the power connector to the drive; most PATA hard drives use the Molex power connector originally used on 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. If necessary, use a Y-splitter to split one connector into two. Reattach the data cable to the other PATA drive and/or adapter if necessary. If there s another PATA drive on the same cable, change the jumper on the other PATA drive. With 80-wire cables, both drives can be jumpered to cable select, with the drive at the far end of the cable acting as master, and the middle drive as slave. Drives on 40- wire cables generally only use master and slave jumper positions.

3 When moving jumpers, use a pair of tweezers or needle-nose pliers to carefully grab the jumper and gently pull straight off the pins; it s best to change jumper settings before inserting the drive into the bay, as case configurations can make it tough to do afterward. Verify correct data and power connections. Turn on the computer and go into the BIOS. Make sure that the BIOS is properly recognizing the following information: o Hard drive geometry, which consists of: Number of sectors per track Number of read/write heads Number of cylinders o Data transfer rate o LBA translation o Drives must be recognized by the system BIOS before they can be prepared and used by the OS. Most system BIOS will auto-detect a drive and obtain the correct configuration from the drive. Make sure the system detects the hard drive during an install. Save BIOS changes if applicable and restart your system. Solid state: Because of their high cost, solid state drives (SSD) are currently overwhelmingly used in laptops and mobile computers, so installing SSD devices will essentially be identical to replacing hard drives, meaning the process is a matter of turning off the laptop, accessing the drive bay, removing the old drive if present (a matter of simply pulling it out of the bay), inserting the new drive and closing everything up. o FDD: Floppy drives. Although considered an obsolete technology, floppy drives are still commonly used, and technicians will likely have to support them for a while yet. The installation procedure is fairly straightforward: Select an empty 3.5-inch external drive bay; one specifically for the floppy drive should be available, if the case supports it. Remove the dummy plate from the case front, if present. If the case is an ATX system, remove the left side panel as seen from the front. If the case is a BTX system, remove the right side panel. If the case is a desktop system, remove the top. If the 3.5-inch drive bay is a removable cage, remove it from the system; this might involve pushing on a spring-loaded tab or removing a screw. Some drive bays pull straight out, while others swing out to one side. Remove the floppy disk drive from its protective packaging. Ensure the drive screws you ll use are correctly threaded and the right length. Look for pin 1 markings on the bottom or rear panel of the drive; if no markings are found, pin 1 is the pin closest to the power connector. Secure the drive to the drive bay with screws. Replace the drive bay into the case if it was removed. Attach the 34-pin connector at the end of the floppy disk drive data cable with the twist to the drive.

4 Connect the other end of the floppy disk drive data cable to the floppy disk drive interface on the motherboard or adapter card. Attach the correct type of four-wire power cable to the drive. Double-check the power and data cable connection, ensuring the cables are connected in accordance with how they re keyed, before starting the computer. Follow these steps in reverse to remove the drive from the system. o Optical drives: CD and/or DVD drives, including CD/DVD-writer, +RW drives and Blu-ray drives. The installation procedure is identical to that of hard drives, with the exceptions that no special BIOS configuration is needed (auto-select will be sufficient) and that in order to play CDs and DVDs through the optical drive, it may be necessary to connect an audio connector on the back of the optical drive to a 4-pin connector on the sound card; there is a special cable, usually gray with black connectors, used for this purpose. Newer drives often process sound output through the SATA connection, so do not have the sound connector. o Removable: Removable drives is a term for drives that use removable media, which includes the Iomega Zip and REV drives, as well as older technologies such as the Jaz and SuperDisk drives. The media is usually a cartridge with either platters or flexible magnetic disks, similar to floppy disks, inside. Internal removable drives come in SCSI, PATA (ATAPI) and IEEE 1394 versions, and the installation procedure is virtually identical to that of optical drives. Tape drives, though generally used only for backup purposes and thus would be special cases, are also considered removable media, and their installation procedures are the same. o External: External drives are generally hard drives, although external removable media and optical drives are sometimes used. Most external drives use USB or IEEE 1394 ports, but some external SCSI drives are also available. External hard drives of the USB or IEEE 1394 variety are generally preformatted with FAT32 and designed to work out of the box; attach the drive, and it should appear in My Computer/Computer or Explorer. Note that if an external drive is connected to a computer that lacks the appropriate drivers, the external device cannot be used until drivers are installed, but Windows from XP forward includes drivers for most external drives, although SCSI external drives need to prepared for use with a formatting program either built into the SCSI adapter BIOS or provided by the SCSI adapter manufacturer. External USB hard disks are available in 3.5-inch, 2.5-inch and 1.8-inch form factors; most use the larger 3.5-inch or 2.5-inch standards. Motherboards: The motherboard is the central circuitry of the computer, where all the major components intersect and work together to create a computing unit. While there are several aspects of a motherboard that will be examined, this guide will start with the general procedure for preparing and installing an ATX motherboard in a case: o Preparing: The first step in preparing the motherboard is to review the system documentation to determine the correct sizes of memory supported, processors supported and configuration information. Next, install the RAM, as it is often difficult to do this once the motherboard is in place. Install the processor (CPU) and heat sink next, then configure CPU speed, multiplier, type and voltage

5 jumpers or DIP switches on the motherboard, if used; most current motherboards configure these options through the BIOS, making the task far easier. o Installing: After the motherboard is prepped and ready for installation, the technician will follow these general steps, deviating where needed per the motherboard documentation: Place the new motherboard over the old motherboard to determine which mounting holes should be used for standoffs plastic supports that prevent shorts against the chassis and which should be used for brass spacers. Move brass spacers as needed to accommodate mounting holes. Getting this step correct will prevent shorts and operation issues later. Insert the I/O shield and connector at the back of the case. Make sure all port cutouts are completely removed before installing the I/O shield. Secure the motherboard using the original motherboard screws. If applicable, reattach the wires to the speaker, reset switch, IDE host adapter and power lights. Not all of these options will be available on newer machines; check the case documentation if in doubt. If the system has a floppy drive and/or EIDE drives hard drive or optical reattach the drives ribbon cables to the motherboard s EIDE and floppy disk drive interfaces, matching the cables colored sides to the respective pin 1. Reattach the drives SATA cables to the motherboard s SATA ports. SATA port 1 will be assigned to the first SATA drive and so on. Attach the power supply connectors to the motherboard. If moving adapter cards from the old motherboard, install them, making sure the existing adapters don t duplicate any features built into the new motherboard. Any adapter that will be used in place of an integrated feature must have the integrated feature disabled in the BIOS first. Mount header cables using expansion card slot brackets (such as cables for additional USB ports) into empty slots and connect the cables to the appropriate motherboard ports. Attach any cables used by front-mounted ports such as USB, serial or IEEE 1394 ports to the motherboard and case. o Jumper settings: Jumpers are plastic pin covers with metal inside used to connect pins and complete a circuit. Most current motherboards don t use jumpers which replaced its predecessor, DIP switches for configuration information, but one common use for jumpers in storing settings is with BIOS; motherboards often use jumpers to control access to BIOS settings and to lock access to the computer. Jumpers on the motherboard can be taken from their default parked settings where a jumper is on one pin only and set to clear passwords or allow flash updates. o CMOS battery: The CMOS is a volatile memory chip, which requires a small amount of power to store the settings. Generally, this energy comes from the power supply, but motherboards come with a small battery to keep the CMOS powered in case the computer is unplugged. This battery can be removed and changed.

6 o Advanced BIOS settings: There are several manufacturers of BIOS on the market the main ones being Phoenix, AMI and Award and the settings considered advanced depend on the makers. Overall, though, the Advanced BIOS Settings/Features menu typically covers configuration settings that determine how a computer boots. For example, enabling the Quick Boot feature skips certain tests to allow the computer to start faster, mainly memory and drive tests. Enabling Boot Sector Protection interferes with write attempts to the boot sector, and thus provides some protection against computer viruses. Boot Up Num-Lock LED activates the Num Lock key at boot. Another option frequently found here is Boot Sequence, which for everyday usage should be set to this: First device: Hard drive Second: Floppy (if present) or optical drive. Some computers prompt the user to press a key in order to boot from the optical drive even if a bootable disk is found; the computer will proceed to the next device in the boot sequence otherwise. Third: Optical drive or USB device o Bus speeds: Currently, different processors support different system bus speeds, which is the maximum signal frequency the system bus can send. Intel processors currently support bus speeds of 800, 1066, 1333 and 1600 megahertz (MHz). AMD processors currently support system bus speeds of 800, 1000 and 1800 MHz. One MHz is equal to 1,000,000 cycles per second. o Chipsets: A chipset is a collection of controllers and microchips that function together to support the processor socket and type, as well as control the system memory, the various buses and a few peripheral devices. Most chipsets available presently come from Intel, AMD, NVIDIA and SiS. Different chipsets have different focuses; NVIDIA chipsets, for example, tend to work well in high-end gaming systems because NVIDIA is best known for its graphics controllers, which integrate well into their chipsets. Intel processors naturally integrate well with Intel chipsets; ditto for AMD. o Firmware updates: Firmware is the programming that controls a hardware device from a chip built into the device; CMOS is considered firmware. Updates to the BIOS programming on a CMOS is often available through the computer or motherboard manufacturer s site, as these companies usually modify the BIOS from the base configuration the BIOS maker uses. In some cases, such as with Dell computers, firmware updates can be downloaded through an update utility. o Socket types: Intel processors use different socket types than AMD processors, and are not interchangeable. Intel processors presently use a land grid array (LGA) architecture, which uses lands (which look like pads) instead of pins to connect to the CPU. The LGA socket style was introduced with the LGA775, which had 775 lands; current socket types are the LGA 775 (Socket T), LGA 771 (Socket J) and the LGA1366 (Socket B). AMD uses a pin grid array (PGA) architecture, with rows of pins placed around the socket, to make contact with the CPU. The current AMD socket types are the Socket 940, Socket 754, AM2, AM2+ and AM3. o Expansion slots: Expansion slots allow more I/O devices and high-speed graphics cards to be installed in computers. The most common expansion slots on recent

7 systems include PCI, AGP and PCI-Express, or PCIe. Some systems also feature audio modem riser (AMR) or communications network riser (CNR) slots for specific purposes. o Memory slots: Current motherboards include a minimum of two memory slots, and some models hold as much as six. To boot, a modern computer must have at least one memory slot filled, or it will not function. Slot design varies; systems that used SDRAM required three-section memory slots designed for 168-pin modules, while DDR SDRAM machines require two-section 184-pin memory slots. DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM machines have two-section memory slots for 240-pin modules. Regardless of slot design, however, each memory slot includes locking levers that swivel into place and secure the modules automatically when memory is correctly installed. o Front panel connectors: Front panel connectors are generally pins soldered onto the motherboard that connect to the typical front panel options: a hard drive light to indicate disk access activity, a power light and, if available, an internal speaker. Although many computers offer additional ports on the front, such as USB ports and speaker/headphone jacks, these are actually connected to different circuits through header cables, and aren t to be confused with the front panel functions. o I/O ports: Current motherboards have a number of I/O ports integrated into them, including USB 1.1/2.0, parallel, Ethernet, PS/2 (for some units), IEEE 1394 and serial ports. Some motherboards also integrate video card capability, S/PDIF and sound mini-jacks as well. In most cases, there will be a port cluster positioned at the back of the computer, with header cables splitting off to give port capabilities in the front of the machine as well. Increasingly, motherboards are forgoing legacy ports, such as the PS/2, serial and parallel ports, as USB devices become more varied. Power supplies: What technicians refer to as a power supply is really a power converter, which provides power to the computer by transforming high-voltage alternating current (AC) from the wall socket to low-voltage direct current (DC) the computer can use. It takes a significant amount of wire coils and other components to perform this task, and bountiful heat is created as a side effect of the conversion. Most power supplies use one or two fans to dissipate this heat, but some supplies designed for silent operation use passive heat sink technology. o Installing: Installing a power supply is fairly simple, as there aren t a lot of parts involved. Still, it requires attention, particularly when it comes to making connections. Follow these general steps: Shut down the computer. Turn off the power supply s power switch as well, if present. Unplug the power cord from the computer. Open the case to show the power supply. Consult the system documentation to look up specifics on this aspect. Unplug the power supply from the motherboard. Note there is a catch securing the power supply connector, which must be tripped to unplug the connector. Unplug the power connectors from all drives. Unplug the power supply from the case and CPU fans.

8 Remove the screws attaching the power supply to the back of the computer case. Remove any screws holding the power supply inside the case, if present. Unplug the power supply switch from the front of the case, if present. Lift or slide the power supply from the case. Compare the replacement power supply to the original, ensuring the form factors, power connectors and switch locations match. o Wattages and capacity: Power supplies are rated in wattage, a measure of how much power they can provide. While there is no set standard for how large a power supply s wattage rating should be, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, power supplies produce marginally more wattage at room temperature than at operating temperature, so look for peak and actual ratings, which are measured at room and operating temperatures respectively. If a supply doesn t have both, assume the listed rating is the peak rating for room temperature and reduce the wattage rating by 10-15% to estimate operating wattage. When determining a system s expected power usage, add up all the loads for installed devices, including passive USB and IEEE 1394 devices that draw power from the bus, and add 30% to the total. o Connector types and quantity: ATX power supplies use either 20-pin main power connectors, used by older motherboards, or 24-pin power connectors that meet the ATX12V 2.x power supply standard, although some highcapacity power supplies with 20-pin connectors may include a 20-pin to 24- pin adapter. In addition, some motherboards may also use some of the following connector types: Four-wire ATX12V connector, which provides additional 12 V power to the motherboard. Known as a P4 or Pentium 4 connector. Eight-wire EPS12V connector; replaces the ATX12V power connector. Six-wire AUX connector; found on older motherboards. Four-pin Molex power connector; used to power drives and internal devices. Reduced-size Molex power supply connector; used to power floppy drives. L-shaped thinline power connector; powers SATA drives. Six-pin PCI Express power cable; provides additional 12 V to PCI Express x16 video cards. Y-splitters are commonly used to split one power connection into two, but these can lower the power supply s ability to work, and these connectors often short out. Adapters from Molex to reduced-size Molex or SATA connectors are also available. o Output voltage: Maintaining a level and consistent output voltage is important for power supplies, as the components use far lower voltage, and a different type of current, than what is coming in from the wall. A certain amount of variance is expected, but very little: a power supply should vary no more than 5% from nominal on every rail. For computer components, that means a narrow range of voltages is acceptable:

9 For the +5.0 output: For the output: For the +3.3 output: Power Good: Processors: The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer, and as such, one of the most important parts of the computer. Matching the capabilities and technologies built into the CPU with the rest of the machine is very important, as is exercising the utmost care when installing a CPU, using the following general process: o Installing: There are several different socket types available for computers, as was noted earlier in the guide. Two of the most common architectures for current computers are PGA and LGA. o First, to install a PGA processor into a zero insertion force (ZIF), locate the pin 1 corner of the CPU, which is generally marked with a dot or triangle, or even a line pointing toward pin 1. Line up the pin 1 corner with the pin 1 socket corner. If the chip is placed incorrectly and power is applied, the chip is destroyed. Insert the CPU into the socket, after ensuring the ZIP lever is vertical, and verify the pins are fitting into the correct holes. Snap the lever into place to secure the processor. Check if the heat sink has a thermal, or phase-change, pad or if thermal compound needs to be applied to the processor core. Apply the thermal pad or thermal compound as needed keep in mind there must be some type of thermal material between the processor and heat sink. Attach the heat sink to the processor as directed by the processor vendor, if the heat sink came with the processor, or heat sink vendor for aftermarket heat sinks. In some cases, mounting hardware may need to be attached to the motherboard before attaching the heat sink. If installing an active heat sink one with a fan connect the fan to the appropriate motherboard connector. o To insert an LGA775 processor, locate the notches on each side of the CPU that correspond with key tabs in the socket, and use this process: Ensure the load plate assembly is completely open. The plastic cover can be removed later. Align the notches in the CPU with the key tabs in the processor socket to ensure the processor s Pin 1 is properly aligned. Lower the processor into place, with the metal heat spreader plate face up and the gold pads face down. Do not drop the processor; such an impact could damage the socket s lands. Push down the load plate and close the load plate assembly cam lever. Lock the lever in place on the side of the socket. Remove the plastic cover and put it aside. Check if the heat sink has a thermal, or phase-change, pad or if thermal compound needs to be applied to the processor core. Apply the thermal pad or thermal compound as needed keep in mind there must be some type of thermal material between the processor and heat sink.

10 Attach the heat sink to the processor as directed by the processor vendor, if the heat sink came with the processor, or heat sink vendor for aftermarket heat sinks. In some cases, mounting hardware may need to be attached to the motherboard before attaching the heat sink. If installing an active heat sink one with a fan connect the fan to the appropriate motherboard connector. o Socket types: Current socket types for Intel are the LGA 775 (Socket T), LGA 771 (Socket J) and the LGA1366 (Socket B). The current AMD socket types are the Socket 940, Socket 754, AM2, AM2+ and AM3. o Speeds: Processor speed is defined as the speed at which the processor operates internally, as opposed to external operation frequency, which is the system bus frequency. The processor frequency is given as the product of the system bus frequency and a multiplier. There are many families of processor currently, so there are a number of speed ranges available. Intel s Celeron processors, for example, range between 1.2 and 2.4 GHz, while the Core 2 Extreme processors range between 2.66 and 3.2 GHz. Similarly, for AMD, the various AMD Athlon 64 processors start at 1 GHz and run all the way up to 3.2 GHz for the Athlon 64 FX line, while processors in the Phenom line go from 1.8 to 2.6 GHz. One gigahertz (GHz) is equal to one billion cycles a second. o Number of cores: Having two or more physical processors provides a tremendous performance boost; multiple processors make a computer perform multitasking or run multithreaded programs far faster. Computers with the hardware needed to use multiple CPUs, however, are expensive to make, and many operating systems are not capable of utilizing multiple processors. To counteract these disadvantages, dual core processors two separate processor cores bundled into one processor were developed, giving nearly all the advantages of two physical CPUs, while staying less expensive and being fully compatible with all OS versions. Dual-core desktop processors reached the market in 2005, with competing products launched by Intel (Pentium D) and AMD (Athlon 64 X2). Since then, Intel and AMD have released a number of multi-core processor lines, including the Core 2 Duo and Athlon 64 X2 (dual-core) and the Phenom X4 Agena and Core i5 750 lines (each of which have 4 cores). Both companies have released multi-core lines going as high as 8 cores. o Power consumption: Processors use tremendous amounts of power, and there are a couple of different ways to measure this quality. Intel processors use thermal design power (TDP), a measure of the power a computer s cooling system must dissipate, while AMD recently switched to the average CPU power (ACP) benchmark, based on average daily usage of power. These systems are not either-or scales AMD has stated that its processors will have ratings in both systems but they do not precisely match; a 105 watt ACP rating, for example, works out to 137 watts TDP. Either way it s measured, modern CPUs draw prodigious power: the AMD Phenom X4 Agena has a 140 watt TDP rating, while the Intel Core i7-960 draws a 130 watt TDP rating.

11 o Cache: Cache is a small section of RAM used by the processor to contain data and instruction sets the memory controller expects the processor to need next, which saves time and improves performance by avoiding excessive calls to RAM. Cache comes in three flavors: Level 1 (L1) cache, which is on the processor die, Level 2 (L2) cache, which is not on the die but part of the overall processor package and Level 3 (L3) cache, which is the cache memory farthest from the core. Cache sizes range from a tiny 64 KB of L2 cache on older Athlon processors to a whopping 6 MB of L2 cache for some Intel Core 2 Duo processors; L3 cache generally runs 6-12 MB for current processors. o Front side bus: The front side bus (FSB) is the main bus on the motherboard, the data path used by the CPU, RAM and onboard chipset. Traditionally, the FSB speed was measured in MHz, but it s become more common among manufacturers to rate the FSB using the maximum effective data rate, which is measured in megatransfers per second (MT/s). Current FSB ratings range as high as 2600 MHz, although the most common motherboards fall in the MHz range. o 32-bit vs. 64-bit: Before the AMD Athlon 64 was developed, processors were only designed for 32-bit operating systems and applications. One drawback to this is 32-bit software is unable to address more than 4 GB of RAM 32-bit Windows applications are limited to approximately 3.25 GB of RAM making use of large files difficult due to memory restrictions. The Athlon 64 was the first desktop CPU to support 64-bit extensions to the 32-bit x86 architecture, known as x64, which allow access to more than 4 GB of RAM and run 64-bit operating systems while remaining compatible with 32-bit operating systems and applications. Most current processors support x64 functions. Memory: The memory modules in the computer, or random access memory (RAM), are what store the data being actively used by the OS and the running applications. As a result, RAM has a substantial and immediate impact on the speed and efficiency with which a system runs. Memory installs are a commonplace activity for technicians, and fortunately, the process is straightforward: o Line up the modules connectors with the socket. o Verify the tabs at each end of the RAM socket are in the outside o (open) position. o Once the module is aligned with the socket, push the module straight down into the socket until the tabs snap into place at the top corners of the module. Be firm, as the locks need a decent amount of force to shut correctly. Be careful not to touch the gold-plated connectors on the module s lower half, as contact with skin can cause corrosion or ESD damage. o Although the installation process is easy, there are several tips technicians can use to make the process easier yet: Place the system on its side before installing memory; this makes it easier to see and reduces the chances of knocking the computer over. Open the locks on the RAM sockets before trying to insert the module. Move cables away from the memory sockets for easier access. Disconnect them if necessary.

12 Shine a flashlight inside the case so the sockets and locking tabs can be easily seen. Use the flashlight to double-check the installation when it s done and before closing up the case. Replace any moved or disconnected cables before closing the case. Adapter cards: Adapter cards are specialized circuit boards that perform various functions, and are often used to bring higher performance or handle specialized tasks for a system. There are several types of adapter cards, each with their own particular functions, but the process for installing them is similar across the board: o Installing: These instructions presume that the technician already knows what slots are open and what type of slot the adapter card takes. If this isn t the case, do not proceed until this information is known. Shut down the system. Unplug the computer from AC power. Remove the system cover. This will vary depending on case and motherboard design; consult the system documentation if unsure how to proceed. Locate the expansion slot to be used. If a header cable is installed in the slot cover, move it to a different slot or remove it altogether, if not needed. Remove the slot cover corresponding to the desired expansion slot. Most slot covers are secured by set screws fastening the slot cover to the case. If unable to remove the slot cover after removing the screw, loosen the screw on the next cover. Sometimes the screw head overlaps the adjacent cover. Remove the card from its antistatic packaging, holding the adapter card by the bracket only. Align the connector with the slot and insert the card. Push the card connector firmly into the slot. Secure the card bracket, usually by replacing the set screw. Connect any cables the card requires. Reconnect AC power and restart the system. Provide drivers when the system asks for them after restarting. o Graphics cards: Some general tips for graphics card installations to keep in mind: Whenever installing a graphics card in a computer with Windows already installed, it s recommended to uninstall the current adapter through Device Manager first. This avoids driver conflict issues. Currently, graphics cards are available in PCI Express x16, AGP and PCI models. PCI graphics cards are intended for systems without PCI Express or AGP slots, or to provide support for additional displays on systems that already have PCI Express or AGP cards installed. Ensure the AGP card lock tab on the front of the slot is open before installing an AGP adapter. The mechanisms can differ from board to board, so check before proceeding.

13 Install the drivers provided by the graphics card manufacturer, using the latest drivers from the manufacturer s Web site whenever possible, when installing an adapter. o Sound cards: To complete sound card installation after physically putting the card in the computer, connect speakers and a microphone to the sound card to test the functionality. Current sound cards use the same PC99 color coding used by onboard audio solutions. Restart the system after the card installation, and Windows will prompt for the drivers, which may include a customized mixer used to select speaker types, speaker arrangements and provide speaker testing and diagnostics. Test the speakers to ensure signal is coming through the correct jacks. o Storage controllers: A storage controller, or an adapter card that controls hard drives attached to internal or external ports on the adapter, is somewhat more complex than regular adapters, as drivers are not only needed for the card connectors but possibly a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) array as well. However, the basic process is the same; the installing technician may simply have to run an extra utility after the physical installation and the driver installation are finished. There are two common types of storage controller currently in use: RAID cards: These controllers are specifically intended to set up RAID arrays, which are usually implemented in one of three ways: RAID 0: Two or more drives are grouped into one logical drive. Data is striped, meaning written evenly across the drives. This improves performance, but offers no inherent fault tolerance. RAID 0 arrays are called striped volumes. RAID 1: Data written to one drive is mirrored, or written in exactly the same way, to another drive. This provides fault tolerance, since the data is exactly duplicated, but offers no performance benefits. RAID 1 arrays are called mirrored volumes; in some variations, separate controllers are used for the drive, which is known as disk duplexing. RAID 5: Data is striped across multiple drives, along with parity data that can be used to reconstruct the data if one drive goes out. This arrangement requires three volumes, and offers both fault tolerance and performance benefits (both in speed and capacity usage), though it is the most expensive. RAID 5 arrays are called RAID 5 volumes. esata cards: External SATA (esata) cards were created to allow external devices to use SATA connections. esata offers up to six times the transfer rate of USB, and can be used with cables up to 2 meters (6.6 feet) long. o I/O cards: Some current machines do not include legacy support, and some machines may not provide enough ports to meet a customer s needs, so I/O cards offer a way to expand a machine s ability to handle different types of ports and devices. Some of the card types currently used include:

14 IEEE 1394 (FireWire): IEEE 1394 (also known as FireWire or i.link) is a serial bus interface providing high-speed data transfer between computers and external devices. Data is sent isochronously, or without interruption, making IEEE 1394 useful for real-time applications and streaming multimedia. IEEE 1394 devices are hot-pluggable, and can be daisy-chained in a series of up to 63 devices. Currently, there are two common standards: 1394a and 1394 b; although 1394c which allows FireWire speeds over a standard network port was published in 2007, it isn t commonly used. 1394a (often known as FireWire 400) and 1394b (FireWire 800) support maximum data transfer speeds of 400 Mbps and 3.2 Gbps respectively, though device limitations mean 1394b connections reach a practical maximum of 800 Mbps. 1394a cables can reach a maximum length of 4.5 meters (15 feet), allow up to 16 cables to be daisy-chained and come in 4-pin or 6-pin configurations (the extra two pins carry power). In comparison, 1394b cables can be up to 100 meters (328 feet) long, and use a 9-pin connector, although they can be connected to 1394a devices with the right connector. USB: Universal Serial Bus (USB) was originally developed to provide a faster, simpler connection between computers and various devices. USB 1.1, the first widely adopted version, allowed a 12 Mbit/s transfer rate for high-speed devices and 1.5 Mbit/s for lower-speed devices, such as mice. USB 2.0, often known as Hi-Speed USB, allows for data transfer speeds up to 480 Mbit/s and is backward-compatible with USB 1.1. The most current revision is USB 3.0, or SuperSpeed USB, which offers a maximum possible data transfer rate of 5.0 gigabits per second (Gbit/s), which is about 10 times faster than USB 2.0. USB devices can be daisy-chained, regardless of version, to connect up to 127 devices, although power limitations of the USB bus require virtually all of the devices in the chain to have their own power supply. USB connections have four wires two for power, two for signal transmission and can use cables with a maximum length of three meters for USB 1.1 devices and five meters for USB 2.0 devices. Parallel: Parallel ports were the standard connection type for peripherals such as scanners and printers for years. Parallel ports transmit data over several lines at once, sending eight bits of data at a time. Originally, parallel data could only go in one direction at a time; the Standard Parallel Port (SPP) type was unidirectional. However, later revisions such as Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) and Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) were bidirectional, and faster as well; ECP ports use a Direct Memory Access (DMA) channel to increase transmission rates. The current standard for parallel ports is IEEE 1284, which was finalized in Although a maximum cable length is not defined, data integrity concerns offer a practical limit of 4.5 meters (15 feet), and most parallel cables come in 1.8-meter (6 feet) lengths. Parallel ports use either a 25-pin connector (DB25) or a 36-pin

15 micro ribbon connector, although older units may have a 50-pin connector. Serial: Serial ports also known as DB9 or DB25 ports, depending on the pin configuration are among the first connectivity standards used on PCs. Serial ports were defined by the RS-232 standard, the most recent version of which is RS-232c. Because of their common usage as modem ports, they are also referred to as COM 1/2/3/4 or UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) ports. Serial ports send data one bit at a time, are generally male connectors, and can be disabled in the BIOS if needed. These ports are set by default to the I/O address and interrupt request (IRQ) settings of 3F8 and IRQ 4 (for COM 1) and 2F8 and IRQ 3 (for COM 2). o Wired and wireless network cards: As with most adapter cards, the installation process for network interface cards (NICs) are the same as for any other adapter, regardless of whether the NIC is a wired or wireless card. The only significant difference is after the driver installation is finished, the technician must test for connectivity on the part of the network. This can be done through verifying network traffic once the cable is connected by checking the LEDs on the card, pinging the loopback address ( ) in the command prompt and simply connecting the machine to the network. o Video capture cards: As the name implies, video capture cards are designed to capture video frames from analog or digital video sources. Card types include: IEEE 1394 (FireWire) cards: Used to capture video from DV camcorders and other 1394 devices, such as scanners. Onboard IEEE 1394 ports can capture video as well. Analog video capture cards: Used to capture video from analog sources, such as cable or broadcast TV, composite video or S-video; these cards often incorporate TV tuners as well. Digital video capture card: Used to capture digital video signals from HDMI sources, such as HDTV. ATI All-in-Wonder series: High-end cards that have capability of sending accelerated 3D video display output to monitors, as well as video capture and TV tuner support. After installing any type of video capture card, install the driver package provided with the card, connect the card to the available video source and set up the TV tuner feature for cards that support it. o Media reader: A media reader, also known as a flash card reader, is a multislot device designed to allow users to quickly read a variety of flash cards, generally used as storage devices for digital cameras, cell phones and other portable devices. Most media readers that aren t integrated into a computer are external USB devices, so installing them is simply a matter of connecting them to an open USB port. The computer should automatically detect the reader, assign drive letters to each slot as required, and display a notification at the end of the installation process. Older versions of Windows or other operating systems may require the driver to be installed before connecting the media reader.

16 Cooling systems: As detailed in earlier sections, computers generate a substantial amount of heat, and heat is anathema to computer components. As a result, computer manufacturers have developed a number of technologies for dissipating heat in a computer. These technologies include: o Heat sinks and CPU fans: A heat sink is a finned metal device that radiates heat away from the processor. Virtually all current heat sink models are active heat sinks, meaning paired with a fan that sits on top of the heat sink and pulls heat vertically upward, except for those used in specially-designed cases where the airflow is engineered to cool the processor. Copper is a superior material for heat sinks, but aluminum is more inexpensive, and many heat sinks combine copper and aluminum. While the active heat sink model is the most common one, BTX cases use a different approach, applying a thermal duct that fits over the processor and its heat sink, with a fan at one end that directs air past the CPU. o Thermal compound: Thermal compound, or thermal grease, is a material applied to the chip of heat sink base that facilitates a more efficient transfer of heat between the component being called and the heat sink. Heat sinks packaged with CPUs might use a preapplied phase-change material on the heat sink, while OEM CPUs with third-party heat sinks usually require a paste or thick liquid thermal grease or silver-based compound to be applied. If the thermal material is pre-applied, ensure the protective tape is removed before installing the heat sink. If a heat sink is replaced, or removed and reinstalled, be sure to carefully remove any existing thermal material from the heat sink and processor die surface. Apply new thermal material to the CPU before reinstalling the heat sink. o Case fans: Like the name implies, case fans are actually part of the chassis, and for ATX cases, there are generally at least two: one at the front, and one at the rear. Case fans are generally powered directly by the motherboard or through a Y-splitter on a four-pin Molex power connector. In order to work correctly, front case fans should draw air into the case, while rear case fans should draw air out. Fans powered through the motherboard connector can be monitored by the PC Health or hardware monitor function in the BIOS, and some fans that connect to a Molex power connector have a special power connection that enables fan speed monitoring in the BIOS as well. Common case fan sizes include 80 mm and 120 mm. Domain 1.2: Given a scenario, detect problems, troubleshoot and repair/replace PC components Storage devices: Hard drives are frequent points of failure in a computer, and since they re involved with every operation on a computer, many things can go wrong. Some issues are specific to the drive type, but most of them are generic to the technology. o HDD Troubleshooting and common issues Scenario: Keyed cable plugged pin 20 or raised projection cannot be plugged into drives or motherboards Replace cable with unkeyed cable or properly keyed cable Scenario: PATA UDMA-66 or faster drive limited to slower speeds

17 Replace 40-wire cable with 80-wire cable; may need to run manufacturer speed-change program Scenario: No power to drive Shut down computer and plug power cable into drive Scenario: No information displayed at boot, or drive error because drive not detected at startup, and drive can be heard spinning up Shut down computer and ensure ribbon cable is properly aligned with connector (pin 1 to pin 1) and fully attached. With SATA drives, ensure cable is fully plugged into drive and connector on motherboard. Scenario: BIOS does not detect drive, but configuration and drive cabling are correct; drive makes scraping or clicking noises at system bootup Drive has been damaged by impact or sudden drop, and needs to be replaced Scenario: System will not start when drive is attached to power, but boots when drive isn t connected Check if power connection to drive is on an extender or Y- splitter; if it is, connect drive directly to power supply and retest. If problem reoccurs, replace drive. Scenario: Two drives are on a ribbon cable, and only one is being detected, or neither drive is detected. Drives are jumpered incorrectly: if not using cable select, one drive must be master and one must be slave. Change the jumpers on the drives to master for one and slave for the other, or cable select if both drives support it and ribbon cable is 80- wire. If jumpers are correct and issue isn t resolved, switch jumper settings (set master to slave and vice versa), move slave drive to other IDE controller and/or replace ribbon cable. Scenario: Initial system power yields drive not ready error, but reboot and drive comes up fine. Hard drive is not fully spun up when computer tries to access it: adjust Delay Timer option in BIOS, disable Quick Boot or let computer do full memory count and test prior to boot. Scenario: Intermittent drive errors or unusual error codes appear Run drive manufacturer diagnostic programs on drive o FDD Troubleshooting and common issues Scenario: Drive gives not ready reading or general failure error when disk is inserted Disk is not readable, corrupted or not formatted; try formatting the disk or reading a different disk Scenario: Drive gives bad sector or sector not found or track 0 bad error Disk is bad or formatted incorrectly: press I to ignore sector if available, or try reformatting disk Scenario: Drive light comes on and stays on at boot

18 Floppy drive cable is reversed at drive or controller; shut down the computer, disconnect and properly reattach the ribbon cable, and restart Scenario: Computer displays a floppy drive error at startup, and drive light does not come on Data or power cable is not attached to drive; shut down, attach the missing cable and restart Scenario: Computer displays floppy drive error at startup and drive light does come on, or drive cannot read, write or format disks at correct capacities Drive type is set incorrectly in BIOS. Start system, go into BIOS and select correct configuration for drive Scenario: USB floppy drive works in Windows, but inaccessible during boot or during Windows install Drive may not be registered correctly in BIOS, or computer may not support USB floppy drives; go into BIOS and doublecheck configuration Scenario: Drive occasionally reads or writes data, but gives numerous read/write errors Read/write heads may be dirty: insert a wet-technology head cleaner, spin heads for a few minutes using Scandisk or another program, let heads dry and try again Scenario: Disks with data from other drives can t be read by drive, and data written by drive can t be read on other drives Read/write heads may be misaligned, or motor may be running too fast or too slow; replace floppy drive Scenario: Drive doesn t perform a seek operation at startup, and data can t be read or written Head-positioning mechanism may have failed; adjust or clean worm-drive mechanism to free it up Scenario: Unable to insert disk into drive Replace floppy drive Scenario: When the directory command is invoked at command prompt, directory for most recent disk reads as same contents as first disk Changeline support is not working, likely caused by problems with pin 34; shut down computer, replace floppy drive cable and restart Any time a hardware failure of a floppy drive is suspected, this general process is useful: Exchange the floppy disk drive cable for a known good cable. Floppy drive cables are cheap and easily damaged. Disconnect any tape drive sharing the floppy cable. If the floppy drive works correctly on its own, replace the tape drive s cable if still needed; otherwise, remove the tape drive. Replace the drive.

Chapter 3: Computer Assembly

Chapter 3: Computer Assembly Chapter 3: Computer Assembly IT Essentials v6.0 ITE v6.0 1 Chapter 3 - Sections & Objectives 3.1 Assemble the Computer Build a Computer. 3.2 Boot the Computer Explain how to verify BIOS and UEFI settings.

More information

Computer Assembly Step by Step DRAFT

Computer Assembly Step by Step DRAFT 9781587132636_ch03.qxp 8/20/10 1:37 PM Page 79 CHAPTER 3 Computer Assembly Step by Step Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: How do I open the

More information

After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives:

After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: 3.0 Introduction Assembling computers is a large part of a technician's job. As a technician, you will need to work in a logical, methodical manner when working with computer components. As with any learned

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives Objectives Learn about the technologies used inside a hard drive and how data is organized on the drive

More information

Introduction to the Personal Computer

Introduction to the Personal Computer Introduction to the Personal Computer 2.1 Describe a computer system A computer system consists of hardware and software components. Hardware is the physical equipment such as the case, storage drives,

More information

EVGA assumes you have purchased all necessary parts needed to allow for proper system functionality.

EVGA assumes you have purchased all necessary parts needed to allow for proper system functionality. Before You Begin Parts NOT in the Kit This kit contains all the hardware necessary to install and connect your new EVGA e-7050/610i GPU motherboard with integrated GeForce graphics processing. However,

More information

Computer Assembly (Installing Mother Board & CPU)

Computer Assembly (Installing Mother Board & CPU) Computer Assembly (Installing Mother Board & CPU) IT@SCHOOL HARDWARE TEAM Biju Thiruvananthapuram Sree Kumar Kottarakkara Shamsudeen Attingal Pradeep Mattara Wandoor Pre-Installation Precaution Mother

More information

Section 3 MUST BE COMPLETED BY: 10/17

Section 3 MUST BE COMPLETED BY: 10/17 Test Out Online Lesson 3 Schedule Section 3 MUST BE COMPLETED BY: 10/17 Section 3.1: Cases and Form Factors In this section students will explore basics about computer cases and form factors. Details about

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 6 Supporting Hard Drives Objectives Learn about the technologies used inside a hard drive and how data is organized on the drive

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware : Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware Objectives Learn that a computer requires both hardware and software to work Learn about the many different hardware components

More information

About the Presentations

About the Presentations About the Presentations The presentations cover the objectives found in the opening of each chapter. All chapter objectives are listed in the beginning of each presentation. You may customize the presentations

More information

Chapter 2 Motherboards and Processors

Chapter 2 Motherboards and Processors A+ Certification Guide Chapter 2 Motherboards and Processors Chapter 2 Objectives Students should be able to explain: Motherboards and Their Components: Form factors, integrated ports and interfaces, memory

More information

FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER Components of a personal computer - Summary Computer Case aluminium casing to store all components. Motherboard Central Processor Unit (CPU) Power supply

More information

Chapter 0: IT Essentials Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction to the Personal Computer

Chapter 0: IT Essentials Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction to the Personal Computer Name Date Chapter 0: IT Essentials Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction to the Personal Computer After completion of this chapter, students should be able to: Explain IT industry certifications and technician

More information

CPU fan has a power connector which needs to be connected to CPU fan power socket on your motherboard as shown on the image above.

CPU fan has a power connector which needs to be connected to CPU fan power socket on your motherboard as shown on the image above. The first thing you should do is unpack your ATX case. Take off the cover of your case so that you can access the inside. Place the case on a desk so that you are looking down towards the open case. Your

More information

IT Essentials (ITE v5.0 & v5.02) Chapter 3 Exam Answers 100% 2016

IT Essentials (ITE v5.0 & v5.02) Chapter 3 Exam Answers 100% 2016 IT Essentials (ITE v5.0 & v5.02) Chapter 3 Exam Answers 100% 2016 1.A technician is troubleshooting a PC that will not boot. When the PC is powered on, it emits a series of beeps and indicates that the

More information

Data rate - The data rate is the number of bytes per second that the drive can deliver to the CPU.

Data rate - The data rate is the number of bytes per second that the drive can deliver to the CPU. A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e Chapter 7 Hard Drives Learning from Floppy Drives Floppy drives are an obsolescent technology Replacements: CD drives and USB flash memory Good reasons for studying floppy drive

More information

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e. Chapter 8 Hard Drives

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e. Chapter 8 Hard Drives A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e Chapter 8 Hard Drives Introduction Hard drive: most important secondary storage device Hard drive technologies have evolved rapidly Hard drive capacities

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e. Chapter 7 Hard Drives

A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e. Chapter 7 Hard Drives A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e Chapter 7 Hard Drives Objectives Learn how the organization of data on floppy drives and hard drives is similar Learn about hard drive technologies Learn how a computer communicates

More information

Keep the work area free of clutter and clean. Food and drinks are not allowed in the work area.

Keep the work area free of clutter and clean. Food and drinks are not allowed in the work area. 29 Chapter 3 Computer Assembly Introduction This chapter addresses the process of the computer assembly process. The ability to successfully assemble a computer is a milestone for the PC Ttechnician. It

More information

computer case. Various form factors exist for motherboards, as shown in this chart.

computer case. Various form factors exist for motherboards, as shown in this chart. INTERNAL COMPONENTS The motherboard is the main printed circuit board and contains the buses, or electrical pathways, found in a computer. These buses allow data to travel between the various components

More information

Installing the Cisco ADE 2130 and 2140 Series Appliance Hardware Options

Installing the Cisco ADE 2130 and 2140 Series Appliance Hardware Options CHAPTER 4 Installing the Cisco ADE 2130 and 2140 Series Appliance Hardware Options This chapter provides instructions for installing, replacing, and removing various hardware options in your Cisco ADE

More information

Introduction To Computer Hardware. Hafijur Rahman

Introduction To Computer Hardware. Hafijur Rahman Introduction To Computer Hardware Lecture 2 Hafijur Rahman What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, which can input, process, and output data. input processing output A computer is a machine

More information

HP ProLiant DL165 G7 Server

HP ProLiant DL165 G7 Server HP ProLiant DL165 G7 Server Installation Instructions Part Number 601464-003 Identifying server components Front panel components Figure 1 Front Panel Components / 4 3.5 LFF HDD Item Description 1 Thumbscrews

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e. Chapter 4 Processors and Chipsets

A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e. Chapter 4 Processors and Chipsets A+ Guide to Hardware, 4e Chapter 4 Processors and Chipsets Objectives Learn about the many different processors used for personal computers and notebook computers Learn about chipsets and how they work

More information

This is a learning module for a specific Learning Outcome as stipulated in the HSP that is :

This is a learning module for a specific Learning Outcome as stipulated in the HSP that is : 1. What is it? This is a learning module for a specific Learning Outcome as stipulated in the HSP that is : Ä Ä Ä 2.4.1 Personal Computer (PC) Assembling 2.4.2 Hard disk partitioning and formatting 2.4.3

More information

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LEARNING MODULE COMPUTER SYSTEM MODULE 2.4 Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia 2006 1. What is it? This is a learning module for a specific

More information

Computer Maintenance. PC Disassembly and Reassembly. Copyright Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved.

Computer Maintenance. PC Disassembly and Reassembly. Copyright Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Computer Maintenance PC Disassembly and Reassembly 1 Enabling Objectives Computer Chassis (Cases) Power Supplies Configuring the Motherboard Configuring the Connectors CPU Interfaces RAM Installing a Hard

More information

Dell Inspiron XPS and Inspiron 9100 Service Manual

Dell Inspiron XPS and Inspiron 9100 Service Manual Dell Inspiron XPS and Inspiron 9100 Service Manual Dell Inspiron XPS and Inspiron 9100 Service Manual Before You Begin Memory Module, Mini PCI Card, and Devices System Components Subwoofer Bluetooth Card

More information

Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3BNHXF. Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNHXF

Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3BNHXF. Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNHXF Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3BNHXF Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNHXF Intel NUC 7 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i7BNHXG User Guide 1 Before You Begin

More information

Gateway Profile 4 service guide

Gateway Profile 4 service guide Gateway Profile 4 service guide Customizing Troubleshooting Contents Replacing Components in Your Gateway Profile 4.................. 1 About this guide.....................................................

More information

Colorful Technology Website:

Colorful Technology Website: Colorful Technology Website: http://www.colorful.cn Thanks for purchasing our based on Intel B250 Chipset motherboard. The motherboard C.B250A-BTC PLUS V20 based on Intel B250 Express Chipset, support

More information

User Guide for NUC7CJYSAL. Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL. User Guide

User Guide for NUC7CJYSAL. Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL. User Guide Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The steps in this guide assume you re familiar with computer terminology and with the safety practices

More information

Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems

Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems The main circuit board, the motherboard provides the base to which a number of other hardware devices are connected. Devices that connect

More information

A+ Certification Guide. Chapter 12 Storage Devices

A+ Certification Guide. Chapter 12 Storage Devices A+ Certification Guide Chapter 12 Storage Devices Chapter 12 Objectives Drive Interface Types Hard Disk Drives SSD / Flash Drives Identify External Removable Storage RAID Optical Drives Floppy Drives Tape

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 4 Supporting Processors

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 4 Supporting Processors A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 4 Supporting Processors Objectives Learn about the characteristics and purposes of Intel and AMD processors used for personal

More information

10. In the world of computers, the term refers to the computer s physical components, such as the monitor, keyboard, motherboard, and hard drive.

10. In the world of computers, the term refers to the computer s physical components, such as the monitor, keyboard, motherboard, and hard drive. Computer Maintenance 2016 Fall Final Review True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. A motherboard can have more than one bus, each using a different protocol, speed, data path size,

More information

Thank you for purchasing this Factory Service Manual CD/DVD from servicemanuals4u.com.

Thank you for purchasing this Factory Service Manual CD/DVD from servicemanuals4u.com. Thank you for purchasing this Factory Service Manual CD/DVD from servicemanuals4u.com. Please check out our ebay auctions for more great deals on Factory Service Manuals: servicemanuals4u Dell Latitude

More information

User Guide for NUC7i3DNHNC. Intel NUC7 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3DNHNC. User Guide

User Guide for NUC7i3DNHNC. Intel NUC7 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3DNHNC. User Guide Intel NUC7 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i3DNHNC User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The steps in this guide assume you re familiar with computer terminology and with the safety practices

More information

Oracle <Insert Picture Here>

Oracle <Insert Picture Here> Slide 1 Oracle Slide 2 WZT-6509 version B Sun Fire Nehalem and Westmere Rack-Mount Server Installation and Replacement Welcome to the installation and replacement

More information

ENCORE /ST G4. Processor Upgrade Card for Power Mac G4 AGP Graphics. Quick Start Guide for Encore/ST G4

ENCORE /ST G4. Processor Upgrade Card for Power Mac G4 AGP Graphics. Quick Start Guide for Encore/ST G4 ENCORE /ST G4 Processor Upgrade Card for Power Mac G4 AGP Graphics Quick Start Guide for G4 Power Mac and Operating System Compatibility This G4 processor upgrade is compatible only with Power Mac G4 AGP

More information

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 8 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e. Chapter 8 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage A+ Guide to Hardware: Managing, Maintaining, and Troubleshooting, 5e Chapter 8 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Objectives Learn about multimedia adapter cards, including sound cards, TV tuner cards,

More information

User Guide. Intel NUC 8 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HNKQC. Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HVKVA

User Guide. Intel NUC 8 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HNKQC. Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HVKVA Intel NUC 8 Business, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HNKQC Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7HVKVA User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume

More information

Serial ATA Hot Swap Drive Cage Upgrade Kit for: Intel Server Chassis SC5200 Intel Server Chassis SC5250-E

Serial ATA Hot Swap Drive Cage Upgrade Kit for: Intel Server Chassis SC5200 Intel Server Chassis SC5250-E Serial ATA Hot Swap Drive Cage Upgrade Kit for: Intel Server Chassis SC5200 Intel Server Chassis SC5250-E A Guide for Technically Qualified Assemblers of Intel Identified Subassemblies/Products Order Number:

More information

A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC, 8th Edition. Chapter 4 All About Motherboards

A+ Guide to Managing & Maintaining Your PC, 8th Edition. Chapter 4 All About Motherboards Chapter 4 All About Motherboards Objectives Learn about the different types and features of motherboards Learn how to use setup BIOS and physical jumpers to configure a motherboard Learn how to maintain

More information

Assembling Computers Summer Academy Presented by the Petters Research Institute (PRI) in cooperation with the Belize Defense Force

Assembling Computers Summer Academy Presented by the Petters Research Institute (PRI) in cooperation with the Belize Defense Force Assembling Computers 2007 Summer Academy Presented by the Petters Research Institute (PRI) in cooperation with the Belize Defense Force Andrew Schretter Paola Zamora What Will You Learn? What is a computer?

More information

ZOTAC ZBOX User s Manual

ZOTAC ZBOX User s Manual ZOTAC ZBOX User s Manual No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language

More information

Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) Random access memory (RAM)

Motherboard Central Processing Unit (CPU) Random access memory (RAM) Cool Careers in Cyber Security Missing Computer Parts Delivery: Can be used as a table demo (hands-on) activity or during a presentation session. Large display table recommended. Pre-cut and laminate the

More information

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 7e. Chapter 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 7e. Chapter 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 7e Chapter 10 Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage Objectives Learn about multimedia adapter cards, including sound cards, TV tuner cards, and video capture

More information

Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK & NUC8i7HVK User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK. User Guide

Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK & NUC8i7HVK User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK. User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers

More information

How to Assemble a Desktop PC

How to Assemble a Desktop PC How to Assemble a Desktop PC By Taylor Koch iii Table of Contents Introduction to Building a Desktop PC... 1 Preparation and Precautions... 3 PC Parts... 3 Basic Tools... 3 Safety Precautions... 3 Installing

More information

Intel NUC Kit DN2820FYKH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit DN2820FYKH User Guide

Intel NUC Kit DN2820FYKH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit DN2820FYKH User Guide Intel NUC Kit DN2820FYKH User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers and with the safety

More information

H4 Series Hardware Replacement Guide

H4 Series Hardware Replacement Guide Machine type: 10059/7723 10060/7724 10068/7752 10080/3099/1194 10091/2558/1196 H4 Series Hardware Replacement Guide Version 3.0 2011.08 31500379 Hardware Replacement Guide Copyright Lenovo 2011. All rights

More information

apple Service Source Xserve RAID 17 March Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

apple Service Source Xserve RAID 17 March Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. apple Service Source Xserve RAID 17 March 2003 2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. apple Service Source Basics Xserve RAID 2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview Xserve RAID

More information

P160 User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario

P160 User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario P10 User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario At Antec, we continually refine and improve our products to ensure the highest quality. So it's possible

More information

Upgrading and Servicing Guide

Upgrading and Servicing Guide Upgrading and Servicing Guide The only warranties for Hewlett-Packard products and services are set forth in the express statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed

More information

Components of a personal computer

Components of a personal computer Components of a personal computer Computer systems ranging from a controller in a microwave oven to a large supercomputer contain components providing five functions. A typical personal computer has hard,

More information

CONTENTS. 1. Motherboard installation Install 5¼ and 3½ drives Install PCI components Case fan setup...5

CONTENTS. 1. Motherboard installation Install 5¼ and 3½ drives Install PCI components Case fan setup...5 USER S MANUAL CONTENTS 1. Motherboard installation...1 2. Install 5¼ and 3½ drives...3 3. Install PCI components...4 4. Case fan setup...5 5. Connect case leads to motherboard...6 6. Identify the power

More information

Intel NUC Kit NUC7i7BNH, NUC7i5BNH & NUC7i3BNH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC7i7BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i5BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i3BNH User Guide

Intel NUC Kit NUC7i7BNH, NUC7i5BNH & NUC7i3BNH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC7i7BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i5BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i3BNH User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC7i7BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i5BNH Intel NUC Kit NUC7i3BNH User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated

More information

Intel NUC Kit D54250WYKH & D34010WYKH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit D54250WYKH Intel NUC Kit D34010WYKH User Guide

Intel NUC Kit D54250WYKH & D34010WYKH User Guide. Intel NUC Kit D54250WYKH Intel NUC Kit D34010WYKH User Guide Intel NUC Kit D54250WYKH Intel NUC Kit D34010WYKH User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers

More information

User Guide for NUC7CJYSAL. Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL. User Guide

User Guide for NUC7CJYSAL. Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL. User Guide Intel NUC 7 Essential, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7CJYSAL User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal

More information

Upgrading and Servicing Guide

Upgrading and Servicing Guide Upgrading and Servicing Guide The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not

More information

PC BIOS Settings: (22 Jan 2004) These settings will be required for either O.S. Installation or to improve the PC performance.

PC BIOS Settings: (22 Jan 2004) These settings will be required for either O.S. Installation or to improve the PC performance. PC BIOS Settings: (22 Jan 2004) These settings will be required for either O.S. Installation or to improve the PC performance. S.No. Standard Hard Disks Operation Reason 1. CMOS SETUP Keep Type setting

More information

User Guide for NUC8i5BEK, NUC8i3BEK. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i5BEK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i3BEK. User Guide

User Guide for NUC8i5BEK, NUC8i3BEK. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i5BEK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i3BEK. User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC8i5BEK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i3BEK User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The steps in this guide assume you re familiar with computer terminology and with the safety practices and regulatory

More information

Installation Guide. Copyright 2005 MSI Computer Corp.

Installation Guide. Copyright 2005 MSI Computer Corp. Installation Guide Copyright 2005 MSI Computer Corp. Overview: 1013 is shipped out as a barebone. Some of the components are equipped while some are not. This installation guide provides you with the information

More information

IS 258 PC Maintenance. Lecture 7: Installing, Upgrading and Troubleshooting Processor Instructor: Henry Kalisti

IS 258 PC Maintenance. Lecture 7: Installing, Upgrading and Troubleshooting Processor Instructor: Henry Kalisti IS 258 PC Maintenance Lecture 7: Installing, Upgrading and Troubleshooting Processor Instructor: Henry Kalisti 1 Objectives Learn about the characteristics and purposes of Intel and AMD processors used

More information

Intel NUC Kit NUC5i3MYHE & NUC5i5MYHE User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC5i3MYHE Intel NUC Kit NUC5i5MYHE User Guide

Intel NUC Kit NUC5i3MYHE & NUC5i5MYHE User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC5i3MYHE Intel NUC Kit NUC5i5MYHE User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC5i3MYHE Intel NUC Kit NUC5i5MYHE User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers

More information

Upgrading and Servicing Guide

Upgrading and Servicing Guide Upgrading and Servicing Guide The only warranties for Hewlett-Packard products and services are set forth in the express statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed

More information

Computer Overview. A computer item you can physically see or touch. A computer program that tells computer hardware how to operate.

Computer Overview. A computer item you can physically see or touch. A computer program that tells computer hardware how to operate. Hardware Computer Overview A computer item you can physically see or touch. Software A computer program that tells computer hardware how to operate. Information Technology (IT) The broad subject related

More information

Troubleshooting the System Hardware

Troubleshooting the System Hardware CHAPTER 5 This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information to help you identify some common problems that might occur with your Wide Area Virtualization Engine (WAVE). This chapter contains the

More information

Removing and Replacing Parts

Removing and Replacing Parts Removing and Replacing Parts Preparing to Work Inside the Computer Recommended Tools Screw Identification System Components Hard Drive Fixed Optical Drive Media Bay Devices Memory Modules Mini PCI Card

More information

Atlas Quiet Mini Server Case. User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario

Atlas Quiet Mini Server Case. User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario Atlas Quiet Mini Server Case User s Manual Manuel de l utilisateur Anwenderhandbuch Manuale per l operatore Manual del usuario 1 At Antec, we continually refine and improve our products to ensure the highest

More information

apple Service Source Xserve RAID Xserve RAID and Xserve RAID (SFP) Updated: 25 May Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.

apple Service Source Xserve RAID Xserve RAID and Xserve RAID (SFP) Updated: 25 May Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. apple Service Source Xserve RAID Xserve RAID and Xserve RAID (SFP) Updated: 25 May 2004 2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. apple Service Source Basics Xserve RAID 2003 Apple Computer, Inc.

More information

1.1.Packing Contents 1*Colorful C.B250A-BTC V20 motherboard 2*SATA cables 1*Driver/Utility CD 1*User's Guide 1*I/O shield 1.2.MOTHERBOARD SPEC CPU

1.1.Packing Contents 1*Colorful C.B250A-BTC V20 motherboard 2*SATA cables 1*Driver/Utility CD 1*User's Guide 1*I/O shield 1.2.MOTHERBOARD SPEC CPU Colorful Technology Website: http://www.colorful.cn Thanks for purchasing our based on Intel B250 Chipset motherboard. The motherboard C.B250A-BTC V20 based on Intel B250 Express Chipset, support Intel

More information

Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK & NUC8i7HVK User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK User Guide

Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK & NUC8i7HVK User Guide. Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HNK Intel NUC Kit NUC8i7HVK User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers

More information

Motherboard Components of a Desktop Computer

Motherboard Components of a Desktop Computer Motherboard Components of a Desktop Computer The motherboard is the main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the rest of the parts of the

More information

I/O, Input Ports and Devices

I/O, Input Ports and Devices I/O, Input Ports and Devices Daren Russ All Rights Reserved No part of this material or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, modified or adapted, without the prior written consent of the author,

More information

Intel NUC Kit DC53427HYE User Guide. Intel NUC Kit DC53427HYE

Intel NUC Kit DC53427HYE User Guide. Intel NUC Kit DC53427HYE Intel NUC Kit DC53427HYE User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The procedures in this user guide assume familiarity with the general terminology associated with personal computers and with the safety

More information

RAIDTech USER S MANUAL. Revised October 3, Features

RAIDTech USER S MANUAL. Revised October 3, Features RAIDTech USER S MANUAL Revised October 3, 2006 Features Simple, hardware-based RAID (levels 0 or 1) On-the-fly data protection: RAID 1 makes backing up as painless as possible. The data is mirrored in

More information

XPS 15 2-in-1. Service Manual. Computer Model: XPS Regulatory Model: P73F Regulatory Type: P73F001

XPS 15 2-in-1. Service Manual. Computer Model: XPS Regulatory Model: P73F Regulatory Type: P73F001 XPS 15 2-in-1 Service Manual Computer Model: XPS 15-9575 Regulatory Model: P73F Regulatory Type: P73F001 Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better

More information

Upgrading and Servicing Guide

Upgrading and Servicing Guide Upgrading and Servicing Guide The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not

More information

PIX 515/515E. PIX 515/515E Product Overview CHAPTER

PIX 515/515E. PIX 515/515E Product Overview CHAPTER CHAPTER 4 PIX 515/515E This chapter describes how to install the PIX 515/515E, and includes the following sections: PIX 515/515E Product Overview Installing a PIX 515/515E PIX 515/515E Feature Licenses

More information

Quick Reference This guide is written for technically qualified personnel with experience installing and configuring desktop boards.

Quick Reference This guide is written for technically qualified personnel with experience installing and configuring desktop boards. Intel Desktop Boards D850EMD2 and D850EMV2 Quick Reference This guide is written for technically qualified personnel with experience installing and configuring desktop boards. Before You Begin Warning

More information

Intel NUC Kit NUC6CAYS User Guide

Intel NUC Kit NUC6CAYS User Guide Intel NUC Kit NUC6CAYS User Guide Regulatory Model NUC6CAY 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The steps in this guide assume you re familiar with computer terminology and with the safety practices and regulatory

More information

User Guide. Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7BEKQA. Intel NUC 8 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i5BEKPA

User Guide. Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7BEKQA. Intel NUC 8 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i5BEKPA Intel NUC 8 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i7BEKQA Intel NUC 8 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC8i5BEKPA User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTIONS The steps in this guide assume you re familiar

More information

Replacing/Upgrading Mac Pro Processors (Early 2008)

Replacing/Upgrading Mac Pro Processors (Early 2008) Replacing/Upgrading Mac Pro Processors (Early 2008) The steps in this procedure illustrate how to remove the lower processor (CPU B). The instructions are the same for removing the upper processor (CPU

More information

Inspiron 22. Service Manual Series. Regulatory Model: W17B Regulatory Type: W17B001

Inspiron 22. Service Manual Series. Regulatory Model: W17B Regulatory Type: W17B001 Inspiron 22 3000 Series Service Manual Regulatory Model: W17B Regulatory Type: W17B001 Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your

More information

How Hard Drives Work

How Hard Drives Work Thomas H. Russell How Hard Drives Work Hard drives come in two major types: the traditional type with moving parts; and a newer, more expensive technology that has no moving parts How Hard Drives Work

More information

1 Interference from generator and lighting that could result in unclean power is known as. 3 Form factor of motherboard define its

1 Interference from generator and lighting that could result in unclean power is known as. 3 Form factor of motherboard define its 1 IT ESS Class Test 1 1 Interference from generator and lighting that could result in unclean power is known as. Blackout Brownout Noise Spike 2 CPU speed is measure in. cycles per second click per second

More information

User s Manual. MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board. MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board

User s Manual. MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board. MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board MMX Enhanced MediaGX System Board Trademarks and / or Registered trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. User s Manual IBM, PC/AT and PC/XT are trademarks

More information

CONTENTS. 1. Motherboard installation Install 3½ and 5¼ drives Install PCI components Connect case leads to motherboard...

CONTENTS. 1. Motherboard installation Install 3½ and 5¼ drives Install PCI components Connect case leads to motherboard... CONTENTS 1. Motherboard installation... 1 2. Install 3½ and 5¼ drives... 3 3. Install PCI components... 4 4. Connect case leads to motherboard... 5 5. Case fan setup... 5 6. Optional device installation...

More information

IT Essentials v5.0: Introduction to the Personal Computer Online Study Questions Chapter 1

IT Essentials v5.0: Introduction to the Personal Computer Online Study Questions Chapter 1 Name: Per.: IT Essentials v5.0: Introduction to the Personal Computer Online Study Questions Chapter 1 Curr Question Answer 1.0.1 1. How large were the first computers? The OS 2. What makes up a computer?

More information

HOW TO BUILD A PC: GETTING STARTED

HOW TO BUILD A PC: GETTING STARTED HOW TO BUILD A PC: GETTING STARTED This class will introduce you to the various components that make up a computer, what they do, what to consider when buying, and tips on how to install all the components.

More information

Computer Hardware. In this lesson we will learn about Computer Hardware, so that we have a better understanding of what a computer is.

Computer Hardware. In this lesson we will learn about Computer Hardware, so that we have a better understanding of what a computer is. In this lesson we will learn about, so that we have a better understanding of what a computer is. USB Port Ports and Connectors USB Cable and Connector Universal Serial Bus (USB) is by far the most common

More information

Providing Fundamental ICT Skills for Syrian Refugees PFISR

Providing Fundamental ICT Skills for Syrian Refugees PFISR Yarmouk University Providing Fundamental ICT Skills for Syrian Refugees (PFISR) Providing Fundamental ICT Skills for Syrian Refugees PFISR Dr. Amin Jarrah Amin.jarrah@yu.edu.jo Objectives Covered 1.1 Given

More information

PTBG965EFN LF. User Manual. English PTBG965EFN LF. Mainboard Manual

PTBG965EFN LF. User Manual. English PTBG965EFN LF. Mainboard Manual Mainboard Manual 1 Copyright Copyright 2006 FIC (First International Computer) Incorporated All rights reserved. Disclaimer: FIC Inc. shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions

More information

When you are ready to build your computer you will have the following materials to work with.

When you are ready to build your computer you will have the following materials to work with. Copyright 2009 BOSMA Enterprises Chapter 3 Putting the Computer Together When you are ready to build your computer you will have the following materials to work with. 1. One motherboard. 2. One ribbon

More information

Intel Desktop Boards D845HV and D845WN Quick Reference

Intel Desktop Boards D845HV and D845WN Quick Reference Intel Desktop Boards D845HV and D845WN Quick Reference This guide is written for technically qualified personnel with experience installing and configuring desktop boards. #FGPSF:PV#FHJO Warning and Caution...

More information

Dell Inspiron 660 Owner s Manual

Dell Inspiron 660 Owner s Manual Dell Inspiron 660 Owner s Manual Computer model: Inspiron 660 Regulatory model: D11M Regulatory type: D11M002 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make

More information

User Guide. Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNKP. Intel NUC 7 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i7BNKQ

User Guide. Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNKP. Intel NUC 7 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i7BNKQ Intel NUC 7 Home, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i5BNKP Intel NUC 7 Enthusiast, a Mini PC with Windows 10 NUC7i7BNKQ User Guide 1 Before You Begin CAUTION The steps in this guide assume you re familiar

More information