A Disseminated Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation Yizhou Shan
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1 LegoOS A Disseminated Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation Yizhou Shan, Yutong Huang, Yilun Chen, and Yiying Zhang Y 4 1
2 2
3 Monolithic Server OS / Hypervisor 3
4 Problems? 4
5 cpu mem Resource Utilization Server 1 Server 2 Available Space Heterogeneity Job Job 12 Required Space TPU Hard to add, remove, or reconfigure devices in a servers after deployment FPGA Elasticity Fault Tolerance No extra PCIe slots NVM 5
6 How to improve resource utilization, elasticity, heterogeneity, and fault tolerance? Go beyond physical server boundary! 6
7 Hardware Resource Disaggregation: Breaking monolithic servers into network-attached, independent hardware components 7
8 8
9 Resource Utilization Fault Tolerance Application Elasticity Heterogeneity Hardware Network 9
10 Why Possible Now? Intel Rack-Scale System Network is faster InfiniBand (200Gbps, 600ns) Optical Fabric (400Gbps, 100ns) More processing power at device SmartNIC, SmartSSD, PIM Berkeley Firebox HP The Machine IBM Composable System dredbox Network interface closer to device Omni-Path, Innova-2 10
11 Outline Hardware Resource Disaggregation Kernel Architectures for Resource Disaggregation LegoOS Design and Implementation Abstraction Design Principles Implementation and Emulation Conclusion 11
12 12
13 Can Existing Kernels Fit? monolithic kernel microkernel Kernel Kernel Kernel Core GPU P-NIC CPU CPU msg passing over local bus mem NIC mem NIC Disk Server Disk Server Shared Main network across servers Disk NIC Monolithic Server Monolithic/Micro-kernel (e.g., Linux, L4) Multikernel (e.g., Barrelfish, Helios, fos) 13
14 Existing Kernels Don t Fit Access remote resources Network Distributed resource mgmt Fine-grained failure handling 14
15 When hardware is disaggregated The OS should be also 15
16 OS Virtual File & Process Storage Mgmt System System Network 16
17 Network Process Mgmt File & Storage System Network Network Virtual System Network File & Storage System Network 17
18 The Splitkernel Architecture Process GPU XPU Monitor Minitor Manager Split OS functions into monitors Processor Processor New h/w (CPU) (GPU) (XPU) Run each monitor at h/w device network messaging across non-coherent components Network messaging across non-coherent components Monitor NVM Monitor HDD Monitor SSD Monitor Distributed resource mgmt and failure handling NVM Hard Disk SSD 18
19 LegoOS The First Disaggregated OS Processor Storage NVM 19
20 Outline Hardware Resource Disaggregation Kernel Architectures for Resource Disaggregation LegoOS Design and Implementation Abstraction Design Principles Implementation and Emulation Conclusion 20
21 How Should LegoOS Appear to Users? As a set of hardware devices? As a giant machine? Our answer: as a set of virtual Nodes (vnodes) - Similar semantics to virtual machines - Unique vid, vip, storage mount point - Can run on multiple processor, memory, and storage components 21
22 Abstraction - vnode Process GPU XPU Monitor Minitor Manager vnode1 Processor Processor New h/w (CPU) (GPU) (XPU) vnode2 network messaging across non-coherent components Monitor NVM Monitor HDD Monitor SSD Monitor NVM Hard Disk SSD One vnode can run multiple hardware components One hardware component can run multiple vnodes 22
23 Abstraction Appear as vnodes to users Linux ABI compatible Support unmodified Linux system call interface (common ones) A level of indirection to translate Linux interface to LegoOS interface 23
24 LegoOS Design 1. Clean separation of OS and hardware functionalities 2. Build monitor with hardware constraints 3. RDMA-based message passing for both kernel and applications 4. Two-level distributed resource management 5. failure tolerance through replication 24
25 Separate Processor and Processor CPU $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache TLB MMU DRAM PT 25
26 Separate Processor and Processor CPU $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache MMU TLB PT Disaggregating DRAM Network DRAM 26
27 Separate Processor and Processor CPU $ CPU $ Separate and move Last-Level Cache hardware units Network to memory component TLB MMU DRAM PT 27
28 Separate Processor and Virtual System Processor CPU $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache Network TLB MMU DRAM PT 28
29 Separate Processor and Processor CPU $ CPU $ Separate and move Last-Level Cache virtual memory system Network to memory component TLB MMU Virtual System DRAM PT 29
30 Separate Processor and Virtual Address Virtual Address Virtual Address CPU Processor $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache Processor components only see virtual memory addresses All levels of cache are virtual cache Virtual Address Network TLB MMU Virtual System components manage DRAM PT virtual and physical memory 30
31 Challenge: Remote Accesses Network is still slower than local memory bus Bandwidth: 2x - 4x slower, improving fast Latency: ~12x slower, and improving slowly 31
32 Add Extended Cache at Processor Processor CPU $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache Network TLB MMU Virtual System DRAM PT 32
33 Add Extended Cache at Processor Processor CPU $ CPU $ Last-Level Cache Add small DRAM/HBM at processor DRAM ExCache Use it as Extended Cache, or ExCache Network Software and hardware co-managed Inclusive TLB MMU Virtual System Virtual cache DRAM PT 33
34 LegoOS Design 1. Clean separation of OS and hardware functionalities 2. Build monitor with hardware constraints 3. RDMA-based message passing for both kernel and applications 4. Two-level distributed resource management 5. failure tolerance through replication 34
35 Distributed Resource Management Global Process Manager (GPM) Process Monitor Processor GPU Minitor Processor Global Resource Mgmt Global Manager (GMM) (CPU) (GPU) Global network messaging across non-coherent components Storage Manager (GSM) 1. Coarse-grain allocation Monitor NVM Monitor HDD Monitor SSD Monitor 2. Load-balancing NVM Hard Disk SSD 3. Failure handling 35
36 Distributed Management 0 max User Virtual Address Space vregion 1 vregion 2 vregion 3 fix-sized, coarse-grain virtual region (vregion) (e.g., 1GB) mmap 1.5GB write 1GB GMM assigns vregions to mem components - On virtual mem alloc syscalls (e.g., mmap) GMM Processor - Make decisions based on global loads Owner of a vregion vregion 1 vregion 2 - Fine-grained virtual memory allocation Used Used Used Used - On-demand physical memory allocation (Physical ) (Physical ) (M1) (M2) - Handle memory accesses 36
37 Implementation and Emulation Processor Process Monitor CPU CPU LLC ExCache CPU CPU Disk DRAM RDMA Network Status 206K SLOC, runs on x86-64, 113 common Linux syscalls Processor Reserve DRAM as ExCache (4KB page as cache line) h/w only on hit path, s/w managed miss path Monitor Linux Kernel Module Limit number of cores, kernel-space only CPU CPU CPU CPU LLC Disk CPU LLC Disk Storage/Global Resource Monitors Implemented as kernel modules on Linux DRAM DRAM Network Storage RDMA RPC stack based on LITE [SOSP 17] 37
38 Performance Evaluation Slowdown Linux swap SSD Linux swap ramdisk InfiniSwap LegoOS Unmodified TensorFlow, running CIFAR-10 Working set: 0.9G 4 threads ExCache/ Size (MB) LegoOS Config: 1P, 1M, 1S Systems in comparison Baseline: Linux with unlimited memory Swap to SSD, and ramdisk Only 1.3x to 1.7x slowdown when disaggregating devices with LegoOS To gain better resource packing, elasticity, and fault tolerance! InfiniSwap [NSDI 17] 38
39 Conclusion Hardware resource disaggregation is promising for future datacenters The splitkernel architecture and LegoOS demonstrate the feasibility of resource disaggregation Great potentials, but many unsolved challenges! 39
40 Thank you! Questions? Open LegoOS.io Poster Tonight. Number 11..io
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