Cyber Threat Awareness CETAC 2018
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1 Presented by Jeff Sundvick- WAPA Raymond Jeter-SDG&E U.S. CERT-NCCIC Cyber Threat Awareness CETAC 2018 Welcome CETAC 2018 San Ramon Training Facility General Class Information: Safety/Fire evacuation. In event of emergency, do not call 911 from your phone. Instructors will call front desk and they will notify first responders. Restrooms: Outside J101 and to your right. Cell phones on silent or outside
2 Introduction Jeff Sundvick WAPA Raymond Jeter SDGE US CERT-NCCIC Class Summary 08:00-09:30 Cyberwar Threat: Navigating the New and Deadly Digital Battlefield PBS/Nova Series. 20 min. Class Room Discussion/Worksheet Break: 10 min 09:40-11:00 U.S CERT-NCCIC-National Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Center. Real World Threats-Protection, Risks, and Vulnerabilities- Industrial Control Systems/SCADA 20 Min Ques. & Answer Break: 10 min 11:10-12:00: Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise 3 4 2
3 Course Objectives Describe, and explain how we are now living in an era where computer code can cause the same potential damage as a bomb. Also list some of the potential Critical Facilities potential cyberattacks can harm Describe, and explain the vulnerability Mal-Ware can exploit and then use this vulnerability to attack its intended target(s) Describe and explain how a hacker can gain access to, and exploit everyday modern technologies, like modern automobiles. Describe the name of the attack hackers were able to exploit to demonstrate how a hacker can gain control of IOT devices Explain the experimental cyber-attack scenario DHS used in a test against Critical Infrastructure Describe how NCCIC is leading the protection of federal civilian agencies in Cyber Space 5 Course Objectives Describe how NCCIC works with critical civilian infrastructure owns and operators to reduce risk. Describe how NCCIC disseminates cyber threat and vulnerability analysis Describe how NCCIS orchestrates national protection, prevention, mitigation and recovery activities associated with significant cyber and communication incidents. Analyze a cyber threat case study on the 2015 Ukrainian Cyber Attack and formulate strategies from lessons learned presented by NCCIC Cyber Subject Matter Experts Analyze and respond to a potential cyber threat scenario to the BES utilizing information and tactics learned during previous Cyber Threat SME presentation class learning segment. 6 3
4 Why? Why? Description: March 15, 2018 United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team Since at least March 2016, Russian government cyber actors hereafter referred to as threat actors targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including the energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and critical manufacturing sectors. 7 Analysis by DHS and FBI, resulted in the identification of distinct indicators and behaviors related to this activity. Of note, in the report Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group, released by Symantec on September 6, 2017, provides additional information about this ongoing campaign. 8 4
5 Why? DHS and FBI characterize this activity as a multistage intrusion campaign by Russian government cyber actors who targeted small commercial facilities networks where they staged malware, conducted spear phishing, and gained remote access into energy sector networks. After obtaining access, the Russian government cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance, moved laterally, and collected information pertaining to Industrial Control Systems (ICS). 9 DHS observed the threat actors copying Virtual Network Connection (VNC) profiles that contained configuration information on accessing ICS systems. DHS was able to reconstruct screenshot fragments of a Human Machine Interface (HMI) that the threat actors accessed. 10 5
6 Targeting of ICS and SCADA Infrastructure In multiple instances, the threat actors accessed workstations and servers on a corporate network that contained data output from control systems within energy generation facilities. The threat actors accessed files pertaining to ICS or supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Based on DHS analysis of existing compromises, these files were named containing ICS vendor names and ICS reference documents pertaining to the organization (e.g., SCADA WIRING DIAGRAM.pdf or SCADA PANEL LAYOUTS.xlsx ). 11 Why? Background Security of IT systems is increasingly important Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are a subset of IT utilized to control industrial processes Systems referred to with the terms SCADA, DCS, PLC ICS cyber-attacks represent a real risk as ICS become more integrated with other IT systems Successful cyber attacks already being made Stuxnet, Flame, Duqu, Gauss, Shamoon, Havex 12 6
7 Why? Biggest Cyber Security Incidents of 2017 Shadow Brokers- Hacked NSA linked group called Equation -Data Stolen- Windows Exploit Eternal Blue WannaCry-Spread around the world crippling public utilities and hospitals in U.K-North Korean Gov. Petya/NotPetya/Goldeneye- On month after WannaCry Multiple Pharmaceutical Co-Merck & Danish Shipper Maersk WikiLeaks CIA Vault 7- Data trove of 8,761 documents stolen: Spying operations and hacking tools revealed. Cloudbleed- Cloudfare-Cyber Security Co data breach, affected Uber, Fitbit, Google and Bing American Voter Data Breach Deep Root Analytics Amazon S3 server hosted 198 million voter records. Macron Campaign Hack- 2 days before French presidential runoff, hackers dumped 9GB of leaked s (Wired Magazine 07/01/2017) 13 Why? The number of vulnerabilities in ICS components keeps growing. In total, 189 vulnerabilities in ICS components were published in 2015, and most of them are critical (49%) or have medium severity (42%). (Kaspersky Lab 2016 ICS Report) ICS vulnerabilities are widely diversified. New vulnerabilities were found in 2015 in the ICS components of different vendors (55 different manufacturers) and types (HMI, electric devices, SCADA, industrial network devices, PLCs and multiple others). (Kaspersky Lab 2016 ICS Report) The largest amount of vulnerabilities were found in Siemens, Schneider Electric and Hospira devices. (Kaspersky Lab 2016 ICS Report) 14 7
8 How? Industrial Control Systems: Cyber War Threat Video As internet connections multiply so do points of attack and risks to national security, and Critical Infrastructure
9 Cyber War Threat Video Worksheet Review/Classroom Discussion. Question/Concept #1-Describe, and explain how we are now living in an era where computer code can cause the same potential damage as a bomb. Also list some of the potential Critical Faculties potential cyber-attacks can harm. Question/Concept #2-In 2010 the world got a glimpse of the first true cyber weapon called. Explain the Term Mal-Ware. Question/Concept #3-Describe, and explain how (what vulnerability) this powerful Mal-Ware exploited, and then used this vulnerability to attack its intended target(s) Question/Concept #4-Question/Key Concept: Explain the term the Internet of everything, or for short IOT-Internet of Things. Describe the name of the attack the hackers were able to use to demonstrate how a hacker can gain control of IOT devices Question/Concept #5-Explain the experimental cyber-attack scenario DHS used in a test against Critical Infrastructure. What was this experimental program named, and what was this attacks intended purpose? 10 Minute Break
10 Introduction NCCIC-National Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Center Introduction NCCIC-National Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Center The NCCIC serves as a central location where a diverse set of partners involved in cybersecurity and communications protection coordinate and synchronize their efforts. NCCIC's partners include other government agencies, the private sector, and international entities. Working closely with its partners, NCCIC analyzes cybersecurity and communications information, shares timely and actionable information, and coordinates response, mitigation and recovery efforts. 19 Please Welcome Mr. Jonathan Homer Chief, Industrial Control System Group Hunt and Incident Response Team (HIRT) National Cyber Security and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security 20 10
11 10 Minute Break Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise
12 CETAC Group Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise Exercise Objectives Analyze and respond to a potential cyber threat scenario to the BES utilizing information and tactics learned during previous Cyber Threat SME presentation class learning segment Enhance Power System Operator cyber awareness, readiness, coordination, and communication. Develop contingency plans for surviving the loss, and recovery of some or all ICS-SCADA Systems. CETAC Group Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise Exercise Instructions- See Handouts for Details Initial Scenario: EMS/SCADA/IT has reported EMS/SCADA has been compromised. Stale data, and supervisory control no longer valid. Business machines are slow to respond to inputs, and some have frozen up. External calls to and from neighboring utilities have reported similar events
13 CETAC Group Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise Post Exercise Review/Discussion Each Table Report Out Answer to Exercise Questions: REPONDING TO CYBER THREAT CYBER SECURITY How to isolate substations from harm Cybersecurity / IT Operations / SCADA, EMS Coordinate on network plan Cybersecurity / Management 3 1 BES OPERATIONS Supervisor/Management Notification Reference hard copies of single line diagrams Stop clearances / return equipment as needed System Operators Determine substations to staff System Operators 2 Internal and external notifications System Operators Coordinating with CAISO and BANC Coordinate with EMS/SCADA Supervisor / SCADA team EMS/SCADA NEIGHBORS Coordinating with Peak RC SCADA Block EMS signals 25 4 Dispatch field personnel Substation I&C, Sub Station Electricians Target: 1 hour* to staff critical subs Field personnel provide visibility, switch, and isolate substations 26 13
14 CETAC Group Cyber Threat Table Top Exercise So how do we come back from such an event? What might be the steps we take to return our respective systems to normal? Assignment: Take the next 10 minutes and discuss among your respective tables/teams, and report back similar to the first exercise. 27 NORMALIZE GRID OPERATIONS CYBER SECURITY MANAGEMENT Wind Down Emergency Operations Command 2 No Incident Response & Recovery Threat eradicated and vulnerability closed? Yes De-mobilization BES OPERATIONS Receive all-clear signal Begin normalizing the System Coordinate with CAISO/BANC & Peak RC Systems normal? Yes No Switch local to remote at substations Resume Normal Schedules Release system limits, return equipment to service System testing (Operations, SCADA, IT) EMS/SCADA Returning systems back online Coordinating with Field Personnel Coordinating with CAISO/BANC & Peak RC As necessary 28 14
15 Post Course & Weekly Evaluation Thank You! 15
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