Designing Robustness and Resilience in Digital Investigation Laboratories

Transcription

1 DIGITAL FORENSIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE Designing Robustness and Resilience in Digital Investigation Laboratories By Philipp Amann and Joshua James Presented At The Digital Forensic Research Conference DFRWS 2015 EU Dublin, Ireland (Mar 23 rd - 26 th ) DFRWS is dedicated to the sharing of knowledge and ideas about digital forensics research. Ever since it organized the first open workshop devoted to digital forensics in 2001, DFRWS continues to bring academics and practitioners together in an informal environment. As a non-profit, volunteer organization, DFRWS sponsors technical working groups, annual conferences and challenges to help drive the direction of research and development.

2 Designing Robustness and Resilience in Digital Investigations Dr. Philipp Amann, MSc Dr. Joshua I. James DFRWS EU March 2015 Europol Unclassified - Basic Protection level / Europol Public Information

3 Overview What triggered the research? How did we do it? Key findings & recommendations Europol s EC3 Walking the walk Q & A

4 Challenges Complex and changing requirements, and rapid technological advancements Increasing volume, scope and sophistication of cybercrime & global scope CaaS Criminal abuse of legitimate services providing anonymity and privacy

5 Challenges Attribution Access to and admissibility of electronic evidence Cross-border cooperation Acquiring and retaining skills and expertise Staff turnover and knowledge drain

6 Taking a step back How can LE conduct digital investigations effectively and efficiently? In LE, what is the role of robustness and resilience when it comes to digital investigations? What are the key elements in the context of a digital investigation framework design that can withstand changes but also adapt in a controlled/planned manner?

7 Some definitions Resilience long-term capacity to adapt to change and new risk environments, and develop within certain boundaries Approach to addressing unexpected events but also a practice that aims at actively monitoring relevant factors and managing any deviations Includes monitoring, situational awareness and forward-looking analysis as key practices

8 Some definitions Robustness the ability resist change Important to ensure that the basic principles of police work are maintained while adapting to a changing environment Not all that can be done should be done (?)

9 Objectives Surveying and analysing the current state of robustness and resilience practices Extracting key elements of robustness and resilience Describing how to include these elements when designing digital investigation capabilities

10 Approach Literature research Structured online survey 35 closed and open questions 72 recipients (LEAs), 21 responses ~ 29% response rate Stakeholder interviews

11 Key findings & Recommendations Does your agency have a digital forensics strategy?

12 Key findings & Recommendations Main standards or guidelines used in digital forensics? RITS Computer Forensics group 1 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3 Council of Europe (Budapest Convention, Electronic Evidence Guide) 4 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 4 International Association of Computer Investigative Specialists (IACIS) 5 Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) 7 Developed in-house 13

13 Key findings & Recommendations Training and Education Continuous digital forensics education/training plan in place? Use of e-learning to train digital forensics staff? Personal development portfolio for staff?

14 Key findings & Recommendations Training and Education (cont d) Mentoring system in place? Hand-over between outgoing and incoming digital forensics staff? Further education and training considered during performance evaluations?

15 Key findings & Recommendations Do you use a reporting standard (incidents, case description, final reports, etc.)?

16 Key findings & Recommendations Tool Support Do you use standardized digital forensics tools? Do you use open-source digital forensics tools?

17 Key findings & Recommendations Do you have a Quality Management System in place?

18 Key findings & Recommendations Do you have a Knowledge Management Program in place?

19 Key findings & Recommendations Are the digital forensics software tools that your agency uses court-approved?

20 Key findings & Recommendations Co-operation and PPPs Co-operation with academia? Co-operation with the private sector?

21 Key findings & Recommendations Do you have a digital forensics R&D unit?

22 Key findings & Recommendations Average staff turnover Digital forensic examiners Digital forensic investigators

23 Key findings & Recommendations How would you rate your agency s robustness and resilience? (1 Lowest 5 Highest)

24 Key findings & Recommendations Greatest challenges in conducting digital investigations?

25 Key findings & Recommendations Strategic Level Operational Level Digital Forensics Strategy Standardization Forensic Discipline Continuous Education and Training Research and Development Co-operation Standardization Continuous Education and Training Research and Development Co-operation Human Resources

26 Future Research Development of additional KPIs Digital forensics framework

27 EC3 Who We Are and What We Do 26 European Cybercrime Centre

28 EC3 Core Services European cybercrime info/intel focal point Support to Member States' cybercrime investigations Platform to pool skills and expertise & tool support for MS Collective voice of European cybercrime investigators OPERATIONAL Coordination of High Profile Operations On-the-Spot Operational Support Operational, Technical and Forensic Analysis Digital IT Forensics Support STRATEGIC Digital Forensics and R&D Outreach to Public/Private Partners Strategic and Forward Looking Assessments Training and capacity building 27

29 EC3 Intelligence/Knowledge Products CYBER-INTEL STRATEGY Cyber Bits Trends: Modus operandi, tool or technique used by cyber criminals. Emerging patterns and crime series. Knowledge: Offer guidance and raise awareness. Technology: Technical developments having impact law enforcement work. Tools: Presentation of tailored tools to support operational activities. OSINT Dashboard Strategic Assessments of Operations iocta Project 2020: Scenarios for the Future of Cybercrime Police Ransomware Threat Assessment, Review of Criminal Forums, etc. Strategic Assessments of Operations (e.g. Onymous) Quantitative Quarterly Report on Cybercrime, CC Dependencies Map ICANN Guide for Dummies, Assessment of Bitcoin, Top 10 External Cyber Threats, etc.

30 EC3 Projects, Products and Services Taxonomy and business case for the exchange of information/intelligence between LE and CERTs Anonymized cross-matching solution Design of standardized EU-wide training and capacity building measures (ECTEG, UCD, CEPOL, ) Training Competency Framework Prevention and awareness

31 EC3 Projects, Products and Services Active stakeholder management, cross-domain and cross-disciplinary (e.g. EC3AAN) EC3 Training Courses (Avila, Selm) Position papers on legislative issues Research and Development Malware analysis, Decryption,

32 Thank you