2016 Survey of Internet Carrier Interconnection Agreements

Transcription

1 2016 Survey of Internet Carrier Interconnection Agreements Bill Woodcock Marco Frigino Packet Clearing House February 6, 2017

2 PCH Peering Survey 2011 Five years ago, PCH conducted the first-ever broad survey of Internet peering agreements. We asked ISPs to tell us three things about each of their peering agreements: Is the agreement formalized in a written document, or is it a handshake agreement? Does the agreement have symmetric terms, or do the parties exchange different things? What is the country of governing law of the agreement?

3 PCH Peering Survey 2011 The previous largest survey analyzed sixteen agreements, all in the United States. In 2011 we analyzed 142,210 agreements from 4,331 Internet service provider networks in 96 countries.

4 The 2011 report has been downloaded more than 500,000 times in five years Downloads per Month Dec-12 Apr-13 Aug-13 Dec-13 Apr-14 Aug-14 Dec-14 Apr-15 Aug-15 Dec-15 Apr-16 Aug-16

5 In 2011, we promised to repeat the survey every five years, in order to document trends in the industry and begin building time-series data.

6 The PCH peering survey provides a unique insight into why the Internet s model of traffic exchange has been so successful around the world. It underlines the degree of global uniformity across regulatory regimes that would otherwise not be able to harmonize among themselves. This information is invaluable to our work in providing advice to policy makers. Dr. Sam Paltridge Directorate of Science, Technology and Innovation OECD

7 PCH Peering Survey 2016 We ve now published the results of our 2016 survey. In addition to the three questions we asked in Is the agreement formalized in a written document, or is it a handshake agreement? Does the agreement have symmetric terms, or do the parties exchange different things? What is the country of governing law of the agreement? We added one more question: Are you exchanging IPv6 traffic with this peer?

8 Packet Clearing House PCH Peering Survey 2016 We analyzed 1,935,822 interconnection agreements representing 10,794 carrier networks in 148 countries including all 35 OECD member countries and 21 UN LDCs.

9 Proportion of Representation US RU UK DE ID FR AU CA NL PL BR JP IT CZ CH AT ZA BG BD NZ AR UA SE IE SG HK ES BE NO PH

10 Proportion of Representation US RU UK DE ID FR AU CA NL PL BR JP IT CZ CH AT ZA BG BD NZ AR UA SE IE SG HK ES BE NO PH

11 Proportion of Representation US RU UK DE ID FR AU CA NL PL BR JP IT CZ CH AT ZA BG BD NZ AR UA SE IE SG HK ES BE NO PH Indonesia: The world s fourth largest country by population, and sixteenth largest economy, up from #18 five years ago to #5 today.

12 PCH Peering Survey ,510 of the agreements (49.35% of the total) comprised 477,755 matching pairs, in which both parties to the same agreement responded to our survey, and in 98.71% of those cases, both parties answers to each of the questions were in agreement. That s a slight decrease from 99.52% five years ago, and we attribute that to the addition of the IPv6 question. The more questions we ask, the more opportunities exist for disagreement between each pair of answers. In addition to the survey, we conducted unstructured followup interviews with 35 of the responding networks.

13 Key Findings 99.93% of peering agreements are informal handshake agreements in which both parties agree to abide by globally-recognized terms. This is up from 99.51% in From 1 in 200 then to 1 in 1,400 today. This finding was not thrown off by unrepresentational participation: essentially all major backbone providers are represented in the dataset. Follow-up interviews with holders of written contracts indicated that, while the contracts are being allowed to expire, the relationships they formalized continue to grow.

14 Key Findings 99.98% of peering agreements had symmetric terms in which each party gave and received the same conditions as the other. This is up from 99.73% in From 1 in 400 then to 1 in 4,800 today. Market-dominant incumbents routinely advance the notion that paid peering or minimum peering requirements are commonplace. They do exist, but in vanishingly small numbers, and those numbers continue to dwindle rapidly relative to overall growth.

15 Key Findings Strong preferences continue to exist for contractual country of governing law, closely paralleling perceived law & order and the degree to which legislation and governmental policy protect carriers from liability for content. The United States, Canada, and Japan remain favored and, post-snowden, Iceland and Finland join the list of favored countries. By contrast Romania, the Ukraine, and Russia continue to be selected least often, and China and Thailand join them this year near the bottom of the list.

16 Country of Governing Law US CA FI JP IS SG UK EE IE NL VN SI SK AE KH CN TH RO UA RU

17 Key Findings Nearly all peering is multilateral peering implemented through route-servers and multilateral agreements. Incumbents often attempt to deride multilateral peering as peripheral and inconsequential. In fact, it was already becoming the dominant practice in 2011, and accounts for the vast majority of AS adjacencies in Multilateral peering commands less mind-share because it s fire-and-forget. An agreement is established once, and continues to accrue new participants over time.

18 Interconnection Partners per Network Moscow MLPA London MLPA Jakarta MLPA The 112 largest networks with between 1,500 and 4,500 interconnection partners are not displayed

19 Jakarta Matrix Exchange MLPA ,010 1,020 1,030 1,040 1,050 1,060 1,070 1,080 1,090

20 Countries that Benefit from MLPAs Adjacencies Peers MLPAs ID DE FR UKRUUS AU PL CA NL SG CZ CH ZA BD AR JP BGHK IT AT NZ IE UA PH TZ KRNGAE

21 Key Findings Only 74,886 (3.88%) were exchanging IPv6 traffic while 1,854,411 (96.12%) were not. This is an unfortunate finding, as we re now twenty years into IPv6 deployment. Of the thirty most-represented countries in our dataset, Russia had the highest average rate of IPv6 routing at 21%, followed by the Ukraine at 10%, Brazil at 6%, and the United States at 4.7%. Every other country in the top thirty fell below the global average of 3.88%

22 IPv6 Routing 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% RU UA BR US CH AT BE JP CZ IT SE GB SG BG CA ZA NZ NO PL IE HK DE BD ES NL AR AU FR ID

23 IPv6 Routing We observe a huge discrepancy between IPv6 support in large and small networks. All of the dozen largest respondents were routing IPv6; they were, on average, advertising more than 100 IPv6 prefixes each and supported IPv6 with nearly 70% of their peers. Of the smallest 50% of the respondents, 92.5% had no IPv6 peers or prefixes at all, they averaged 0.44 IPv6 prefixes, and supported IPv6 routing with 0.15% of their peers.

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25 21% 4.7% 0.2%

26 IPv6 Routing vs. GDPPP: No Correlation $1,000,000 $100,000 $10,000 MT OM LI LU QA NO CH US RU FI KZ $1,000 ID MD PK MW UG MG PS KG RW GM 0.01% 0.10% 1% 10% 100%

27 Packet Clearing House Domestic vs. International

28 American Interconnection Partners DE 11% Domestic 23% NL 7% UK 7% FR 5% ID 5% Others 32% RU 5% AU 3% CA 2% Domestic 27% RU 16% Others 41% UK 7% NL 4% DE 5%

29 Russian Interconnection Partners Domestic 57% Others 18% CH 1% FR 2% ID 2% NL 3% UA 3% UK 3% DE 5% Domestic 84% Others 9% US 2% UA 5% US 6%

30 British Interconnection Partners Domestic 33% Others 28% IT ZA 2% US 30% RU 47% Domestic 1% Others UA 7% 3% IT 13% US 10% DE 7% FR 5% NL 5% RU 4% 2% ID 3%

31 German Interconnection Partners US 13% Domestic 17% Others 31% RU 30% US 41% Domestic 3% Others 9% IT 17% NL 10% ID 7% UK 6% RU 5% FR 5% SG 3% IT 3%

32 Indonesian Interconnection Partners ID Domestic 49% Others 18% IT 2% SG 2% FR 2% RU 3% UK 3% Others 1% ID Domestic 9% IT 8% US 82% NL 6% DE 8% US 7%

33 IPv4 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 100,000,000 10,000,000 1,000, ,000 IPv4 Addresses 10,000 1, IPv4 Prefixes

34 IPv4 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 100,000, M IPv4 Addresses 10,000,000 1,000,000 1M IPv4 Addresses 100,000 IPv4 Addresses 10,000 1, IPv4 Prefixes

35 IPv6 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 10,000,000, ,000,000 1,000,000 10,000 IPv6 Addresses 24 (divided by 10 for clarity) 100 IPv6 Prefixes

36 IPv6 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 10,000,000, IPv4 Addresses 100,000, IPv4 Addresses 1,000,000 10,000 IPv6 Addresses 24 (divided by 10 for clarity) IPv6 Prefixes

37 IPv6 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 10,000,000, ,000,000 1,000,000 10,

38 IPv6 Size Relative to Number of Interconnections 10,000,000, ,000,000 1,000,000 Clustering at single CIDR values 10, Far more networks advertising a single prefix

39 Thanks, and Questions? Copies of this presentation are available in PDF format. Bill Woodcock Executive Director Packet Clearing House This presentation is 2017 by Packet Clearing House CC BY-NC-SA