Vision, Services, Governance, Funding and Intellectual Property
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- Lillian Porter
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1 What is AnaEE? Vision, Services, Governance, Funding and Intellectual Property AnaEE will be a research infrastructure for experimental manipulation of managed and unmanaged terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It will strongly support scientists in their analysis, assessment and forecasting of the impact of climate and other global changes on the services that ecosystems provide to society. AnaEE will support European scientists and policymakers to develop solutions to the challenges of food security and environmental sustainability, with the aim of stimulating the growth of a vibrant bioeconomy. AnaEE will accomplish this mission by building permanent and substantial links among researchers, science managers, policy makers, public and private sector innovators, and citizens. This document contains the following elements: 1. The AnaEE Vision Page 1 2. A description of envisioned central services Page 4 3. Key aspects of governance Page 6 4. Funding initial proposals Page 7 5. Elements on intellectual property Page 8 6. Timeline and procedure of the call Page 8 Vision Context The sustainability of agricultural, forested, freshwater and other managed and natural ecosystems is critical for the future of mankind. However, the services provided by these ecosystems are under threat due to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and land use changes. In order to meet the challenges of preserving or improving ecosystems services, securing food supply and building a 21 st century bioeconomy, we need to understand and forecast how ecosystems will respond to current and future changes including new management approaches and potential environmental tipping points. Without sufficient understanding of the sensitive interdependencies between ecosystems and the environment, Europe will be unable to assess the impacts, control the risks, or potentially utilise the benefits of anticipated large changes in ecosystems structure and function. Key benefits will include greenhouse gas mitigation and climate adaptation. Page 1
2 Approach To achieve this goal, AnaEE will adopt an experimental approach built around Manipulation, Measurements, Modelling, Mitigation and Management. At the core of AnaEE s approach are the distributed experimental facilities needed to expose ecosystems to future conditions to quantify the role of each of the drivers of change and to identify their interactions. To produce results that will inform predictive models and deliver realistic simulations, AnaEE research has to be process-oriented and will address how major biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions will change under the various experimental treatments. The AnaEE experimental facilities will be equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation and Information Technology tools; and will use common standards of measurements and analysis. Facilities will be highly flexible and open to new experiments in order to be able to address the research questions of the future. Components AnaEE will be a unique continental scale, long term, integrated, experimental research infrastructure. It will be based on distributed (existing and new) advanced experimental platforms of four types: In situ / In Natura platforms: These will comprise the predominant land use types of agriculture, forestry and nature, and the interfaces between managed and unmanaged as well as terrestrial and continental aquatic ecosystems transecting Europe s climatic zones; In Vitro platforms (such as ecotrons): complement in natura platforms by enabling higher level of environmental control and process measurement on ecosystems; Analytical platforms: will offer advanced biological, physical and chemical analyses for a deeper insight into processes; Modelling platforms: tools to analyse and synthesise the data from experimental platforms and to make predictions of the structural and functional responses of ecosystems at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The coordination and integration of these national platforms will be achieved through supra-national centres which will ensure international access, improved measurements and data harmonisation, technology development, links between data and models, open access to raw data and syntheses. They will also allow researchers to network and provide an interface with key stakeholders. Page 2
3 Complementary Infrastructures AnaEE will provide a unique, long-term and sustainable infrastructure that fills an important gap between the environmentally-oriented European research infrastructures in ecosystem sciences. In particular, AnaEE will work alongside, and provide synergies with, ICOS (involved in long-term observations of the global carbon cycle and greenhouse gas emissions) and LifeWatch (providing access to biodiversity and ecosystem science data and data processing tools). AnaEE will uniquely provide: Experimental manipulations of natural and managed ecosystems which will improve understanding of ecosystem functioning and dynamics and make model predictions more reliable; Insight into the consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem vulnerability and services; Specific analysis of threats and opportunities for agricultural, forest and freshwater production. Linking AnaEE results with data from observational sites across Europe will allow models to be scaledup to larger geographical areas. AnaEE will also complement and add value to emerging research infrastructures in the agri-food, forestry, bioenergy, and aquaculture sectors, as well as other infrastructures that already exist or are being developed, particularly in the areas of technological development, data exchange (e.g. ELIXIR), interoperability of models, and the synthesis of summary results at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Links with international counterparts of AnaEE such as NEON and AgMIP in the United States and TERN in Australia have already been established and participation to COOPEUS will be pursued. In addition to these collaborations, AnaEE will work hand in hand with FACCE Joint Programming Initiative and the Group on Earth Observation (GOE). Strategic Objectives AnaEE aims to foster capacity building in ecosystem science by providing state of the art facilities and structuring tools for the European ecological and agricultural research community which will, in turn, strengthen the European research area. AnaEE will provide direct access to massive and quality Page 3
4 controlled environmental datasets from experimental ecosystem research, as well as to data analysis and modelling tools specifically adapted to these datasets. Various stakeholders will use this information to develop policies and engineer management techniques that will allow mitigation of and adaptation to these changes. AnaEE will help find solutions to the challenges of the bioeconomy, including food, fuel and fibre production and sustainable ecosystem services. There is a need to understand the sensitive interdependencies between ecosystem services and the changing environment if Europe is to develop a green economy centred on bio-based products and eco-technologies. Services and Added Value Services for Researchers Cost effective physical, virtual and remote access to key experimental ecosystem platforms across different climatic and land use regimes in Europe. Capabilities to test climatic, anthropogenic and biotic stress factors, as well as testing management options for mitigating them; Cost effective access to key analytical and modelling platforms; Provision and support of specialist expertise in planning, constructing and maintaining ecosystem experiments; Improved methodologies, standardised measurements, harmonisation of metadata as well as sustained personnel training; Training of young researchers and students. Services for National Stakeholders Higher international visibility of national infrastructures. Access to expertise, research programs, and data; Technical and organisational support to maximise the efficiency and effectiveness of data, models and scientifically solid syntheses of experimental ecosystem research for academy, education and industry users; Definition and standardisation of criteria for cost effective procurement of the advanced equipment needed for AnaEE platforms; Large scale assessment of strategies aiming at adaptation and mitigation of climate change and loss of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems, forestry and freshwater ecosystems. Services for European Policy Makers and Industry Higher international visibility of national infrastructures; access to expertise, research programs, and data; Technical and organisational support to maximise the efficiency and effectiveness of data, models and scientifically solid syntheses of experimental ecosystem research for academy, education and industry users; Definition and standardisation of criteria for cost effective procurement of the advanced equipment needed for AnaEE platforms; Large scale assessment of strategies aiming at adaptation and mitigation of climate change and loss of biodiversity in agro-ecosystems, forestry and freshwater ecosystems. Page 4
5 AnaEE Supra-National Services and Centres The distributed national platforms are the fundamental building blocks of AnaEE. The raison d être of AnaEE is to provide added value to stakeholders using these platforms through services best developed and delivered jointly at a supra-national level. These services aim at developing the visibility and optimum international use of the platforms, improving their technological and experimental capacities, enhancing the quality, accessibility and integration of the data, stimulate modelling activities, providing training and promoting interactions with users and stakeholders. These services will be organised in 3 Service Centres plus a Central Hub. The Hub will run the AnaEE web portal which will promote in particular international access to the platforms. A Technology Centre will host the tasks of procedure harmonisation and of technological development. A Data and Model Centre will manage access to data and stimulate modelling activities. Finally, a Synthesis and Interface Centre will promote interface with user groups as well as think-tank and synthesis activities. The activities of these Centres will involve both scientists from the national platforms and AnaEE appointed officers. Promoting International Access to the Distributed Platforms Addressing the grand challenges facing ecosystem sciences often means bringing together the combined expertise of a range of specialists and the complementarity of several in situ-platforms or types of platforms. Promoting AnaEE s activities and giving high visibility to platforms and their capacities will stimulate the building of international research consortia and of experiments across ecosystems and climatic conditions and will reduce duplication. Other services will unify the access procedure, the submission of projects and their selection which will remain in the hands of each platform but with an adequate scientific committee. Information about the platforms will be regularly collected to integrate any upgrading or alternatively to be aware of any lowering of their performance. The tools to implement these services will be a web portal providing i) platform information to international users through various efficient search options, ii) an on-line project submission section dispatching projects to selected platforms and iii) an up-loading system for the follow-up of the submitted projects including scientific reports, publications and users comments. Harmonising and Upgrading the Platforms and Procedures AnaEE platforms will have different scientific, technological and managerial histories. A significant effort needs to be made to harmonize but also upgrade many aspects of these platforms to match or develop the best related international standards. This will cover instrumentation, the sampling and measurement procedures, calibrations, experimental designs, but also semantics and the quality of data as well as data collection and management. Besides developing standards jointly with related European infrastructures, the harmonisation service will take care of their diffusion to platforms users and beyond. A particular effort will be devoted to the implementation of Quality Assurance among the platforms. Ad hoc working groups (platforms scientists and engineers) will be in charge of developing standards as well as related training sessions. Specific officers will be recruited to develop activities such as crosscalibration, Quality Assurance, development and management of specific web tools. Developing Technology Technology is at the heart of the experimental approach of AnaEE. The simulations of various levels of drivers as well as the measurements of response variables require sophisticated equipment and instrumentation. It is a necessity for platforms to stay up-to-date with cutting-edge technologies leading to new understanding of processes. Setting up technological watches and developing/adapting specific technologies in collaboration with private companies will help meet evolving research needs. Working at the European level will mean constituting ad hoc groups of specialists to implement technological watches and developments through workshops and conferences and in partnership with Page 5
6 private companies. Diffusion of techniques will be done through a web portal, web forum, conferences and training sessions. Managing Data and Access Part of the added value of AnaEE is to give greater visibility and access to data gathered in platforms. After the improvement of the intrinsic quality of each data set by the harmonisation and technology services, full interoperability of these data sets has to be obtained and a central, easy to search, data portal has to be set up and maintained. Efficient tools organising the exchanges between the data providers and the third party users, including industry, have to be developed. An AnaEE expert group will propose a set of necessary/minimal metadata and standards for reporting data. Data collection/reporting tools, as well as training material will be developed to be easily used by individual platforms. A central portal will convert individual, current or historical, databases into a common standard. Developing Modelling-Related Services Modelling activities are powerful tools within AnaEE and their stimulation/coordination at the supra national level is a key component in establishing the full functional integration of modelling at all levels of the infrastructure. The objectives of this integration are to i) Improve the performance of experimental platforms; ii) Improve ecosystem models; iii) Support linking different model types; iv) Provide modelling services to users; v) Bridge ecosystem models to larger scale models and vi) Promote AnaEE integrated results. A section of the general AnaEE portal will describe with appropriate metadata 1) the models used/developed within AnaEE; 2) the distributed modelling platforms; 3) modelling services offered or organized centrally; 4) direct access to some models and 5) AnaEE s model related publications. Specific activities will reinforce the links with (non-anaee) community modellers, organize the bridge between AnaEE s ecosystem models with larger scale models, set-up workshops to stimulate pan- European model comparisons and model development. These activities will also contribute to the data portal with model outputs (including indicators and syntheses). Training will be organized through documents, software, workshop and summer schools. Promoting Interface with User Groups AnaEE has to establish strong links between distributed platforms and a significant proportion of European ecosystem scientists and also needs to deliver to policy makers, industry and citizens the most relevant outputs from experiments and modeling activities. Active interfaces between AnaEE and its users and stakeholders will be developed to achieve these goals. An interface with the scientific community is needed to early identify emerging scientific questions, set up research consortia and write pan-european projects. The Centre will also call for research synthesis using AnaEE results and beyond as well as for conversion of research results into digested data and information for effective transfer to AnaEE s non-science beneficiaries: citizens, policy makers, and industry An interface with policy makers will ensure that their needs are known and adequately transposed into scientific questions. Subsequently, AnaEE scientists need to discuss the perspectives of their results with policy makers. An interface with industry will provide access to up-to-date scientific research results to foster innovation, especially of small and medium enterprises. The knowledge transfer service will provide a single point of access to Intellectual Property (IP) and other proprietary knowledge generated by AnaEE. Page 6
7 A scientific watch will be organized leading to prospective science conferences, workshops and support for writing pan-european projects, retreats for writing opinion and synthesis papers. Similarly, a socioeconomic watch will lead to meetings with policymakers as well as private business for joint development of ideas and actions to be undertaken in the innovation sector. An ecosystem accounting service will support the communication of results of a general nature a to non-science audiences, by ensuring compliance of reports with accepted standards of ecosystem accountancy (such as SEEA, TEEB, SASB). Governance Initial meetings with AnaEE users and stakeholders have allowed the preparatory phase to begin defining a model for the legal and governance which would optimise the integration of the individual platforms in a truly service-providing European infrastructure. The results of the Call will allow the model to be further refined with input from and in response to the objectives and priorities of funding and research organisations. Operative Level Governance of National Nodes is expected to be coordinated and managed at a national level. Each National Node will have a National Focal Point representing their nation on the AnaEE Management Committee. This will feed into the AnaEE Central Hub as well as Advisory Boards and the General Assembly. National Nodes can be made up of 1 or more national platforms as well as other services which could potentially be provided. This call will allow participating nations to consider potential national contributions and how these can be developed to add value to AnaEE at a European level. The Service Centres providing the central services described in the beginning of the document will be hosted by the participating nations. Executive Level As AnaEE is a distributed research infrastructure, it will need to have a well-defined Central Hub to deliver some of the central services (admin, finance, personnel and communications) and coordinate and manage overall activities. The Central Hub will work with National Nodes via the Management Committee, as well as providing secretariat for all boards and committees. This call is an opportunity for Members States to preliminarily share whether they have interest in hosting the Central Hub. Decision-Making Level AnaEE will need a mechanism for decisions to be made at a supra-national, executive and operational level. The main, strategic high-level decision making body for AnaEE will be the General Assembly consisting of representatives from the Member States. Advisory Boards will provide advice for the General Assembly on scientific, legal, ethical and stakeholder issues. Funding The Central Services provide common coordination and services to the scientific community within AnaEE, to the national research facilities, and to the various stakeholders. Hence, they generate added value for the Member States and Europe. It is therefore most reasonable that these central services should be funded jointly by all Member States. Countries that are willing and capable of hosting a Centre might also agree to take greater responsibility of the sustainable funding of that Centre. The Funding plan for AnaEE central services is being developed collaboratively and in agreement with the Member States, to take into account the different offsets and possibilities of each country to contribute to this joint undertaking. Page 7
8 Initial Funding and Personnel Needs For setting up the AnaEE Central Hub after the preparatory phase a team will be appointed for the progression of the project. The emphasis of the set-up team will be on preparation of the legal and financial documents, supporting the work of the Interim General Assembly and recruitment of personnel including the Director General. Each Service Centre will be overseen by a prominent senior scientist representing the Centre in AnaEE Management Committee. This person will most likely be working for AnaEE on a part-time basis as an in-kind contribution. Added Value of AnaEE It is recognized that the integration of national platforms within AnaEE implies additional costs. But only such joint undertakings make it possible to coordinate research to answer broader science questions or grand challenges. Return on investments (ROI) in large research infrastructures might not be directly measurable in monetary terms, but may arise from the scientific advances, employment opportunities, training and capacity building, and increasing national economic competitiveness. Key Performance Indicators will be created using the Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union as a starting point. AnaEE will also consider applying environmental indicators of performance. The need for a multi-year budget for the AnaEE Central Hub Commitment of Member States to a multi-year budget is essential for a proper start of the operations. This push is needed to enable the appointment of the required management, specifically the Director General and also the secretariat. The director of sufficient caliber and experience is unlikely to commit to a post, most likely outside his/her own country, without sustainable funding being in place, especially in the prevailing economic climate. Multi-year budget also ensures efficient strategic planning of project delivery to be put in place. Therefore it is proposed that a five year budget should be agreed to start the operational phase representing the minimum resources necessary in order to ensure functioning of the AnaEE Hub and delivery of the central services. Intellectual Property AnaEE shall ensure that research developed at national facilities is effectively disseminated among its non-science beneficiaries: citizens, policy makers, and industry. Often, direct communication between facility researchers and local community provides the best results. However, a centralised approach might be needed where transfer of results takes place through the use of specialised standards that are globally accepted, but might be locally un-available: Intellectual Property management (Knowledge Transfer) and Ecosystem Accounting are two such cases. Knowledge Transfer and Commercialisation The Knowledge Transfer Central Services will provide industry with a single point of access to Intellectual Property (IP) and other proprietary knowledge generated within the AnaEE platforms. AnaEE Central Services will be responsible for the day-by-day management of knowledge and IP. This will include identifying the IP generated by researchers (and any limitations on it), granting rights to thirdparties, negotiating agreements, and collecting revenues. IP Rights will be retained by the inventors or their assignees. By agreement, and overseen by a committee of the Partners, the Central Services will be given rights of first refusal, to the fullest extent possible, to represent the IP owners with other parties. Ecosystem Accounting Central Services will also support researchers wishing to communicate results of a general nature and interdisciplinary analyses to non-science audiences, by ensuring compliance of reports with accepted standards of ecosystem accountancy (such as SEEA, TEEB, SASB and others that might appear). The Ecosystem Accounting Central Services will assist researchers who make use of AnaEE facilities by making sure that reports aimed at decision makers meet internationally accepted standards of Page 8
9 ecosystem services accounting. The Service will also assemble, maintain, and make available a library of standards, and disseminate best practices. Procedure and Timeline of the Call Following the launch, AnaEE s coordinator and project office will work with National Focal Points and National Ministries to communicate the call to the entire European ecosystems research community. AnaEE will liaise with ministries to identify which sites can indeed fit into AnaEE either in their existing format, or through upgrades financed either through national funding or EU structural funds. This will lead to a recommendation made by the Steering Committee and subsequently ratified by participating funding agencies. The full procedure will culminate in a fully defined list of initial platforms approved by AnaEE and Ministries/Funding Agencies by autumn 2015, accompanied by the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding. Page 9
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