Grids and Clouds. GridKa School 2009 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe September 1st 2009 Christian Baun.
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1 Grids and Clouds GridKa School 2009 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe September 1st 2009 Christian Baun KIT The cooperation of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
2 Cloud Computing - big topic/hype Big topic (hype) in the press since autumn Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
3 Why do we want/need Cloud Computing? Cloud Computing shall: revolutionize IT reduce (eliminate) complexity getting IT more flexible (elastic) reduce cost provide easy resources access fulfill users demands emancipate the users... Remember: GRID!?!?!? 3 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
4 Definitions (Cloud / Grid) Cloud Computing is on-demand access to virtualized IT resources that are sourced inside or outside of a data center, scalable, shared by others, simple to use, paid for via subscription or as you go and accessible over the web. Dr. Behrend Freese (Zimory GmbH) A computing Cloud is a set of network enabled on demand IT services, scalable and QoS guaranteed, which could be accessed in a simple and pervasive way. Dr. Marcel Kunze (SCC/KIT) Grid computing is coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations. Ian Foster (Argonne National Laboratory) A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive, and inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities. Ian Foster & Carl Kesselman 4 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
5 Cloud Comuting Grid Computing Cloud Computing Grid Computing One or few data centers containing heterogeneous or homogeneous resources under central control Geographically distributed, heterogeneous resources without central control. Follows the principle of virtual organizations Virtualized resources Physical resources Fully automated Services (Industrialization of IT) Handcrafted Services (Mostly Manufacture) Commercial business model (Pay-as-you-go) Publicly funded. Usage is for free if the resource owner approves resource access Easy to use and deploy. No complex user interface required Difficult to use and deploy Used primarily in industry and business (Big chance for Startups) Used first and foremost by research and academic organizations (Large-scale scientific projects like LHC) 5 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
6 Three technical Types of Cloud Services 6 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
7 SaaS: Software as a Service Provides enterprise quality software that is run by a service provider Nothing has to be installed locally The user has no need to worry about: Installation Administration Updates Software-Licenses Popular Examples: Clarizen: Collaborative online project management tools Employease: Human resources information system Gliffy: Online Diagram Software Google docs: Free and collaborative Web-based office applications Salesforce.com: Customer relationship management tools SlideRocket: Online (collaborative) presentation tool Zoho: Suite of online tools for small businesses (Apps, CRM, Project,...) 7 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
8 PaaS: Platform as a Service Integrated development, runtime and/or test environment as a service Supports typically one or more programming languages Appears as one single large computer Makes it simple to scale from a single server to many No need to worry about the operating system or other foundational software Developers and not users are the main target group of PaaS services. Popular Examples: Bungee Connect: Web application development and hosting Force.com: Developing and deploying customer relationship management apps Google App Engine: Platform for developing and hosting Python and JAVA web applications in the Google datacenters Microsoft Azure: Platform that allows developing, hosting Windows applications in Microsoft datacenters. Zoho Creator: Platform for building and running online databases 8 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
9 IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service Abstracts away the hardware (servers, network, ) allows to run virtual instances of servers without ever touching the hardware A user interface is provided by the service provider, allowing the users... create, control and terminate the virtual instances change the quantity of resources, the virtual instances are equipped with define and change virtual network devices Popular Examples: Amazon EC2: Linux, Windows and Solars VM hosting in the Amazon datacenters GoGrid: Linux and Windows VM hosting FlexiScale: Linux and Windows VM hosting Joyent: OpenSolaris hosting Rackspace cloud: Linux VM hosting Todo flexit: Linux and Windows VM hosting Only consumed resources are accounted following the pay-as-you-go principle w 9 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
10 Three organizational Types of Cloud Infrastructures Public Clouds (respectively External Clouds) Customer and Cloud provider do not belong to the same organization Commercial business model (Pay-as-you-go) Private Clouds (respectively Internal Cloud or Intra Cloud) Cloud services are provided from the users organization Main reasons for Private Clouds: Security concerns and R&D Hybrid Clouds Cloud services from one or more Public and Private Clouds are used Use cases: Public Clouds help to manage load peaks Backup a Private Clouds data in Public Clouds 10 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
11 Commercial Cloud Offerings (Small Excerpt) w Commercial Cloud offers are usually proprietary and therefore not open for building Private Clouds and for Cloud systems research and development! Users are afraid of a vendor lock-in 11 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
12 Eucalyptus EUCALYPTUS - Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems Open Source software infrastructure for implementing Cloud Computing on clusters from UC Santa Barbara Developed at UC Santa Barbara Implements Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Gives the user the ability to run and control virtual machine instances (Xen, KVM) deployed across a variety of physical resources Interface compatible with Amazon EC2, S3 and EBS Includes Walrus, a storage service (provides S3 functionality) Potential to interact with the same popular tools, known to work with Amazon EC2, S3 and EBS e.g. S3 Curl, ElasticFox, s3cmd, Allows you to avoid vendor lock-in by enabling migrating data and services to an AWS-compatible private cloud Eucalyptus is an important step to establish an open Cloud Computing infrastructure standard 12 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
13 Eucalyptus - Components CLC: Collects resource information for the CC. Operates like a meta-scheduler CC: Schedules the VM distribution to the NC. Collects (free) resource information NC: Controls Xen-Hypervisor or KVM. Provides resource information to the CC 13 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
14 Eucalyptus at KIT Private Cloud Installation I (Eucalyptus 1.4) Runs stable Plattform for performance testing 2x IBM Blade LS20 2 Single Core Opteron (2,4GHz) 4GB RAM 2x IBM Blade HS21 2 Dual Core Xeon (2,33GHz) 16GB RAM Runs stable at KIT since February 2009 Private Cloud Installation II (Eucalyptus 1.5.2) Under construction 5x HP Blade ProLiant BL2x220c 2 Server per blade: 2x Intel Quad-Code Xeon (2,33GHz) 16GB RAM 14 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
15 Eucalyptus (installation) Binary packages exist for CentOS, opensuse, Debian and Ubuntu Eucalyptus can be installed from source also Requirements: 1 computer running with Linux and a functional Xen Hypervisor or Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) For KVM, a modern CPU with AMD-V (Pacifica) or Intel VT (Vanderpool) is needed Amazon EC2 command line tools to control Eucalyptus ec2-api-tools ec2-ami-tools Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
16 Using Eucalyptus Shows the cluster's front-end hostname, free resources, instance types, available NCs: # ec2-describe-availability-zones verbose AVAILABILITYZONE iwrhpcluster UP scchpblade03a AVAILABILITYZONE - vm types free / max cpu ram disk AVAILABILITYZONE - m1.small 0038 / AVAILABILITYZONE - c1.medium 0038 / AVAILABILITYZONE - m1.large 0016 / AVAILABILITYZONE - m1.xlarge 0016 / AVAILABILITYZONE - c1.xlarge 0005 / AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC 2009 AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC 2009 AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC 2009 AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC 2009 AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC 2009 AVAILABILITYZONE certs[cc=true,nc=true] 21:05:13 UTC Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st Mon Aug Mon Aug Mon Aug Mon Aug Mon Aug Mon Aug 31
17 Register Images Register a Filesystem-Image: # ec2-bundle-image -i debian5.img # ec2-upload-bundle -b image-debian5 -m /tmp/debian5.img.manifest.xml # ec2-register image-debian5/debian5.img.manifest.xml Register a Kernel-Image: # ec2-bundle-image -i /boot/vmlinuz kernel true # ec2-upload-bundle -b kernel26 -m /tmp/vmlinuz manifest.xml # ec2-register kernel26/vmlinuz manifest.xml Register a Ramdisk-Image: # ec2-bundle-image -i /boot/initrd.img ramdisk true # ec2-upload-bundle -b ramdisk26 -m /tmp/initrd.img manifest.xml # ec2-register ramdisk26/initrd.img manifest.xml 17 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
18 Control Registered Images Registered images gets an unique identifier: Eucalyptus Machine Image: emi-xxxxxxxx Eucalyptus Kernel Image: eki-xxxxxxxx Eucalyptus Ramdisk Image: eri-xxxxxxxx Get information about registered images: # ec2-describe-images IMAGE emi-1de4116d image-debian5/debian5.img.manifest.xml admin available public x86_64 machine IMAGE eki ff kernel26/vmlinuz manifest.xml admin available public x86_64 kernel IMAGE eri-cfbe1450 ramdisk26/initrd.img manifest.xml admin available public x86_64 ramdisk 18 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
19 Keypair creation and running instances Create and register keypair: # ec2-add-keypair mykey > mykey.private # chmod 0600 mykey.private # ec2-describe-keypairs KEYPAIR mykey 33:da:6e:13:96:e6:f7:3b:b7:34:a6:28:ba:2f:64:ab:83:70:ef:70 Run instances: # ec2-run-instances emi-1de4116d --kernel eki ff --ramdisk eri-cfbe1450 -k mykey -n 2 -t m1.small -k -n -t -z <keypair> <#instances> <instance_type> <availability_zone> 19 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
20 Control Instances and use them Check instances: # ec2-describe-instances RESERVATION r-3dde07d9 INSTANCE i f running mykey T13:50: admin emi-1de4116d 0 iwrhpcluster default m1.small eki ff RESERVATION r-42fa0732 INSTANCE i-463b08be running mykey T13:50: admin emi-1de4116d 0 iwrhpcluster default m1.small eki ff Login to an instance via SSH: # ssh -i mykey.private Terminate instances: # ec2-terminate-instances i f i-463b08be 20 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st eri-cfbe eri-cfbe1450
21 Handy and popular tools for Eucalyptus The Amazon Web-Services (EC2, S3, EBS,...) are very popular Lots of handy tools supporting the AWS exist Many can be utilized with Eucalyptus Why not all? Because the API-Release differs! Some handy tools: S3 Curl (command line tool) jspa?externalid=128 s3cmd (command line tool) s3fs (S3-Bucket can be mounted as local filesystem with FUSE) ElasticFox (Firefox-Plugin) jspa?externalid= Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
22 ElasticFox Support to start, monitor and terminate instances in a user friendly GUI Much more comfortable than command line tools 22 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
23 AppScale Open Source reimplementation of the Google AppEngine AppEngine allows to run web applications written in Python (and JAVA) in the Google infrastructure Developed at UC Santa Barbara Implements Platform as a Service (PaaS) AppScale executes automatically and transparently in Eucalyptus With AppScale a PaaS Cloud infrastructure can be build up that allows to deploy, test, debug, measure and monitor Google AppEngine applications inside a Private Cloud Quelle: Navraj Chohan 23 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
24 Summary Cloud computing is the next big thing Promising approach to solve some of the major challenges of IT Flexible and elastic resource provisioning Economy of scale makes it attractive Move from manufacture towards industrialization of IT Eucalyptus and AppScale enable IaaS and PaaS as Open Source solutions with Linux With commodity hardware and Open Source software, a private cloud can be build up providing the same functionality and better performance compared to the most popular public clouds Vendor lock-in is not an issue any more 24 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
25 Coming soon - this autumn Available in October 2009 First cloud computing book in German language Covers the latest topics in cloud computing Only 14,95 25 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
26 Thank you for your attention? 26 Christian Baun GridKa School 2009 September 1st 2009
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