Romanesque Architecture Centered in Western Europe: Britain, France, Germany, Spain

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1 Romanesque Architecture Centered in Western Europe: Britain, France, Germany, Spain End of the 9th Century to the Rise of the Gothic: 12th Century Influenced by Roman, Byzantine, Carolingian and Ottonian (German), Viking, Celtic and Saracenic (Moslem) ImagePage 1 of 43

2 Romanesque Life During this Time: Political Turbulence Spain still controlled by the Moors Widespread Illiteracy, Small & Scattered Population, Poor Communication Constant threat of warfare Monks held the Intellectual and Artistic Materials Greatest Patron was the Christian Church Language: Latin Religious Pilgrimages were very popular Romansque Pilgrimage Routes: ImagePage 2 of 43

3 Romansque: Common Traits Thick Stone Walls, Small Windows Fortresslike Appearance, Impression of Great Solidity and Heaviness. Articulation of Every Structural Division to Give Impression of Unity: Modular System of Construction with Interiors Divided in Bays. Differs from Smoothness of Early Christian Architecture. Fat Piers supporting Round Arches and Barrel Vaults Diversity throughout Countries and even within a Country because of Climate, Traditions, Materials and Communication Who Built the Churches? 1st Half of the 11th Century Church Building gained Momentum Monks Ivory Carvings, Embroidery, Arts of the Cloister Architecture was one of the Mechanical Arts, not Liberal Arts Architects had an Inferior Social Status Erected by Stone Masons, ordinary workmen, hired by the Monks ImagePage 3 of 43

4 Romanesque Churches Cruciform Plan Churches were Built along the Pilgrimage Route Churches must accommodate many Pilgrims : -so they provided a loop for circulation around the nave: side aisles -At East End, a large semicircular apse behind was supplied with an Ambulatory (walkway around the Perimeter) and radiating Chapels displaying treasures Romanesque Churches Long narrow Naves Twin Towers at Entrance Tower over the Crossing Large Triforiums (Upper Gallery over side aisles) Clerestories Clustered Piers supporting Roof Geometric ornament on Columns and Capitals ImagePage 4 of 43

5 France: France is split into a number of independent Domains Pilgrimages / Blind Faith made it possible to erect a large Building to House Relics Pilgrims offerings gave financial sources Between : 80 Cathedrals, 500 large Churches and Tens of Thousands of Parish Churches were erected Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: Pilgrimage Church 200 Nave w/ Unusual high Vaulting Pink & Gray bands on the Nave Arches: Divide Groin Vaults=Bays ImagePage 5 of 43

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9 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 9 of 43

10 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 10 of 43

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12 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 12 of 43

13 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 13 of 43

14 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 14 of 43

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16 Sainte Madeleine Vezelay, France: ImagePage 16 of 43

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18 Church of Sainte Foy, Conques, France: Pilgrimage Church Large Windows and a tall spacious Nave & Sanctuary Constructed of Stone (Fear of Fire) Designed with Continuous Aisles around the Nave and trancept Chevet: Combination of the Aisles that encircle the Apse, small Chapels and Ambulatory ImagePage 18 of 43

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20 Church of Sainte Foy, Conques, France Church of Sainte Foy, Conques, France ImagePage 20 of 43

21 Church of Sainte Foy, Conques, France Peterborough Cathedral England: Pilgrimage Church Began in 1177, Nave started 28 years later 211 long and 33 wide Nave w/ Wooden ceiling 81 high Built on the site of a Benedictine Abbey Church White Barnack stone juxtaposed to a painted wooden ceiling ImagePage 21 of 43

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23 Peterborough Cathedral England: ImagePage 23 of 43

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27 Peterborough Cathedral England: Peterborough Cathedral England: ImagePage 27 of 43

28 Cathedral of Durham England: Begun 1093 Pilgrimage Church built mainly in the 12th Century 470 long 1st Church to have ribbed vaults Earliest Church to use Pointed Transverse Arches to divide the Nave into Bays ImagePage 28 of 43

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34 Cathedral of Durham England: Begun 1093 ImagePage 34 of 43

35 Cathedral, Baptistry and Tower Pisa, Italy Construction lasted Site = Grassy Piazza sets stage for the White Marble exterior Peak of Italian Romanesque Architecture Set of Buildings link with light open arcades and inlaid marble ImagePage 35 of 43

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41 Cathedral, Baptistry and Tower Pisa, Italy ImagePage 41 of 43

42 Cathedral, Baptistry and Tower Pisa, Italy ImagePage 42 of 43

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