Part 2 CONTENTS *******

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1 Pillar I of the Vienna Declaration Strengthening and implementing regional initiatives to combat illicit traffic in opiates originating in Afghanistan Part 2 CONTENTS Implementation of the Cross-Cutting Issues Model in Detail... 2 A) Operational Activities 2015 what has already been done... 3 B) Priority Activity Areas 2016/2017 what is underway ******* 1

2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES MODEL IN DETAIL Cross-cutting issues defining Operational Activities 2015 and Priority Activity Areas 2016/2017 In the following, information is grouped according to the above set of cross-cutting issues. The first section presents key operational activities covering the period 2015 (approximately Year 2 of the Paris Pact programme s Phase IV). The second section outlines priority activity areas that can serve to minimize existing gaps listed under each of the cross-cutting issues in 2016/2017 (Year 3 of Phase IV). This latter section includes a listing of operational gaps as identified at the 2015 expert meeting. The activity areas for 2016 are a response to the 2015 expert meeting recommendations and the result of the 2015 gap analysis exercise. Overall, many of these activity areas require an integrated technical assistance response by the partnership to enable the fulfillment of the objectives of Pillar I outlined in the Vienna Declaration. The activities referenced here are largely focused on UNODC efforts, based on the information available to the Paris Pact Coordination Unit at the time of the drafting of this report. The depicted activities stem from UNODC programmes and projects whose contributions are most relevant to achieving the objectives of the Vienna Declaration. Several of the activities are already integrated into UNODC work plans and fundraising strategies. 2

3 A) Operational Activities 2015 what has already been done Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Research and Trend Analysis Branch (RAB) / Drug Research Section / Afghan Opiate Trade Project (AOTP); Regional Section for Europe, West and Central Asia; Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (GPML); Paris Pact Programme Research and Liaison Officers and Drugs Monitoring Platform In the context of the Paris Pact, the application of an evidence-based approach to reducing existing knowledge gaps, improving data collection and focusing on research on opiate flows across the drug supply pillars of the Vienna Declaration assists the partnership with policy and operational developments on drug control. The UNODC field presence of the Paris Pact Global Programme and of the AOTP deliver joint analysis and populate the Drugs Monitoring Platform to bridge existing knowledge gaps. A. UNODC Research, June 2015 Afghan opiate trafficking through the southern route. This report present insight into the southerly flow of heroin out of Afghanistan, which serves a number of diverse destinations. B. UNODC Research, November 2015 Drug Money the illicit proceeds of opiates trafficked on the Balkan route. Illicit financial flows underpin all three-drug supply pillars of the Vienna Declaration. This report is the first time UNODC research has focused on the economics of drug trafficking. C. UNODC Research, June 2015 World Drug Report. This annual report presents analysis on the opiates drug market and the routes along which drugs are smuggled. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime (BENATOC), Global Programme for Strengthening Capacities of Member States to Prevent and Combat Organised and Serious Crime (GPTOC) The cornerstone of the Paris Pact is to strengthen linkages and dialogue between global stakeholders to tackle the opiate threat. The development and launch of a technical assistance intervention such as the UNODC Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime (BENATOC) embodies a UNODC-led initiative that directly supports the implementation of Paris Pact expert meeting discussions and recommendations and the fulfillment of the objectives outlined in the Vienna Declaration. The BENATOC serves as an important bridge between the Paris Pact with a specific drug-related mandate to connect the policy and strategic level dialogue of the Initiative to the broader context of trans national organized crime while simultaneously moving forward the Initiative s efforts. 3

4 The BENATOC facilities the promotion of coordinated action to address organized crime and drug trafficking at regional, interregional and international levels. The BENATOC binds together strategy, operations and information to empower a dynamic response to criminal threats. The BENATOC aims to: improve intelligence-sharing and exchange, the capacity to collect, analyse, use and disseminate data for the implementation of joint and coordinated actions against organized crime, through enhanced networking of regional and international law enforcement organizations. A. Operational Meeting of the Networking the Networks, Doha, Qatar, October UNODC s Networking the Networks initiative has already brought together many agencies and organisations concerned with criminal intelligence coordination (many of which are Paris Pact partners) such as CARICC, Europol, GCC-CICCD, INCB, INTERPOL, JPC, OSCE, and WCO. Regional centres were requested to explore with their respective Member States if there were ongoing cases with inter-regional linkages where they felt difficulties in securing cooperation from other countries. Approximately ten cases were discussed in Doha behind closed doors and thanks to this platform, needed contacts for sharing sensitive information were identified, focal points agreed and further ways of coordination between countries and regional cooperation centres discussed. B. South Asian Regional Intelligence and Coordination Centre on Transnational Organized Crime (SARICC), New Delhi, India. In 2015, the draft structure was agreed upon for the proposed information/intelligence platform to be based in New Delhi, India was created. Sample of Existing and Planned Linkages through the Networking the Networks Initiative Source: Presentation on the BENATOC Global Programme to the 2015 Paris Pact Policy Meeting A Joint Action Plan for the UNODC-INTERPOL Global Partnership was signed in October The Joint Action Plan aims to strengthen accountability, aid effectiveness and organization visibility and is a starting point for inter-agency implementation of Sustainable Development Goal The signing of the Arrangement on Cooperation between the United Nations and the International Criminal Police Organization INTERPOL in relation to joint activities with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Supplementary to the Cooperation 4

5 The operational component of the plan (which is currently under development), will target six themes of which three relate to the mandate of the Paris Pact: forensics; organized crime and illicit trafficking; maritime issues and border security. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Container Control Programme (CCP); Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries Sub-Programme 1; Regional Programme for South Eastern Europe Sub-Programme 1; Programme for Central Asia Sub- Programme 1; CARICC The Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries promotes technical cooperation and information sharing through several structures: A. The Regional Working Group on Precursor (RWGP) The operational plan for the Second Phase of Operation Substitute was drafted, which aims to identify illicit trafficking of precursor chemicals as well as track the movement of non controlled substances into Afghanistan. B. The Regional Working Group on Forensic Capacity and Drugs (RWGFD). The RWGFD, inaugurated in 2015, aims to bring together investigators and forensic laboratory staff of the Regional Programme countries to review the situation, share forensic information and discuss regional operational mechanisms and joint investigations to combat precursor trafficking. C. The second regional workshop on Promoting Regional Cooperation in Controlled Delivery and Joint Investigative Teams, Almaty, Kazakhstan, April 2015 Implemented in collaboration with the EU Project on the Heroin Route II, the objectives of this course included the promotion and support of operational cooperation between countries of the region and with countries outside the region, as well as discussing legislative and operational aspects of controlled deliveries. The Regional Programme for South Eastern Europe similarly promotes technical cooperation and information: A. Training on undercover law enforcement operations for officers of South Eastern Europe, June Implemented in collaboration with the Turkish International Academy Against Drugs and Organized Crime (TADOC), the training programme covered a wide range of topics on the definition and use of undercover as an investigation method, with the purpose of fighting against organized crime and included the promotion of regional operational cooperation between countries of the region and Turkey. B. Third training on Establishing Joint Investigation Teams, October Implemented in cooperation with the Government of Hungary, for judges, investigators, prosecutors and forensic experts from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. After two successful training sessions which took place earlier in the year for the participants from Agreement Between the United Nations and INTERPOL took place on 23 May The partnership will come into effect following the approval of the 85 th Session of the Interpol General Assembly scheduled for the fourth quarter of

6 the above countries of South Eastern Europe, as well as Albania and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, this third session was organized to strengthen and enhance communication and to identify principles, practices and guidelines that support operational Joint Investigation Teams to tackle serious organized crime. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime (BENATOC); UNODC elearning Programme; Research and Trends Analysis Branch (RAB); Drug Research Section / Afghan Opiate Trade Programme (AOTP); Paris Pact Programme Research and Liaison Officers; Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (GPML); Container Control Programme (CCP); Global Programme for Strengthening Capacities of Member States to Prevent and Combat Organised and Serious Crime (GPTOC); Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP); Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries Sub-Programme 1, 2 and 4; Regional Programme for South Eastern Europe Sub-Programme 1; Programme for Central Asia Sub-Programme 1 and 4. 2 Law Enforcement Capacity Building within UNODC UNODC s institutional strategy (at the global, regional and country levels) on law enforcement capacity building in the area of training includes promoting the coordination and cooperation of training institutions to facilitate the exchange of best practices, curricula, materials, methodologies, trainers. This also covers efforts to standardize particular training in specialized fields. The Paris Pact Global Programme through the Research and Liaison Officer Network fully supports this strategy. elearning is another methodology that supports UNODC s institutional strategy. elearning is a costeffective mechanism that complements and strengthens the use of other training approaches and serves as a prerequisite for advanced training techniques. Globally, the BENATOC promotes a network of law enforcement training and education institutions for supporting more systematized, sustainable and inclusive regional and interregional cooperation between law enforcement training institutions. A. The first meeting of the Network of Law Enforcement Training Institutions, Baku, Azerbaijan, April This meeting culminated in the formal creation of the informal network of law enforcement training and educational institutions known as LE TrainNet, covering a broad range of institutions that provide training and education services for police, customs, border guards, coast guards, gendarmerie and other agencies with a law enforcement focus, thus allowing them to exchange curricula, training materials and methodologies, best practices and trainers. The Container Control Programme supports risk profiling initiatives within multiple Paris Pact countries especially throughout West and Central Asia and South Eastern Europe. The Port Control Units (PCUs) already established by the global Container Control Programme (CCP) along the northern, Balkan and southern routes constitute a cornerstone in the use of risk indicators and promoting a culture that applies new approaches and selective investigative techniques to container profiling across land, sea and air. 2 Implementers referenced here only include the UNODC programmes involved in the activities mentioned in this section. This list is therefore not comprehensive and capacity building is also carried out by other UNODC programmes. 6

7 These multi-faceted approaches to tackling the diversion of precursors, drug trafficking and multiple forms of organized crime are applied to the cross-border movement of all goods and enable targeting of risky shipments. A. Port Control Units (PCUs) The inauguration of PCU in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the PCU s first seizures; and a new PCU was inaugurated in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. B. CCP Air Port Control Unit (APCU) The launch of CCP-Air with the first training for the APCU at the Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Islamic Republic of Pakistan. This unit as well as future ones will be staffed and equipped to undertake systematic profiling and inspection of airfreight. C. Joint Port Control Unit (JPCU) The second inter-agency JPCU was opened in Nangarhar, Afghanistan, November In the West and Central Region, the Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries is working to promote a law enforcement training network to strengthen intra-regional cooperation. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime (BENATOC); Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (GPML); Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries Sub-Programme 1; Eurasian Group on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism (EAG); Russian Federation The BENATOC also attempts to strengthen capacities to target illicit financial flows and dirty money through, inter alia, the facilitation of working contacts among financial intelligence and financial investigation entities. A. The inter-regional workshop on "Strengthening Cooperation between Financial Intelligence Units and Law Enforcement Agencies in Combating Laundering of Illicit Drug Trafficking Proceeds Moscow, Russian Federation, September This workshop was jointly implemented with the Eurasian Group on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism (EAG) and the Russian International Training and Methodology Center for Financial Monitoring (ITMCFM) and brought together representatives of FIUs and law enforcement agencies of the West and Central Asia region, in order to link their network with other existing networks and agencies beyond the region. B. Third international meeting of the Networking the Networks Initiative, New Delhi, India, November The meeting focused on Countering Illicit Financial Flows Originating from Organized Crime and use of the Networking the Networks for this Purpose and brought together not only law enforcement cooperation centres but also Financial intelligence Unit (FIU) networks and Asset Recovery Networks (ARINs). Meeting participants outlined critical needs to combating the proceeds of crime including but not limited to: establishing permanent regional joint cells within existing regional cooperation platforms where national-level understanding of illicit financial flows can be fused to create a common information picture in order to better understand risks; creating a law 7

8 enforcement networks global map; and the placement of a regional AML/CFT expert to develop regional in South Asia. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Programme for Strengthening Capacities of Member States to Prevent and Combat Organised and Serious Crime (GPTOC); Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries Sub-Programme 2 The UNODC supported Network of Prosecutors and Central Authorities from Source, Transit and Destination Countries in response to Transnational Organized Crime in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus (CASC Network) contributes to matters on legal cooperation through a variety of activities. A. Plenary Meetings The Network held three plenary meetings which addressed issues of (i) transnational trafficking of Afghan opiates via the northern route, (ii) exchange of electronic evidence in organized crime investigations and prosecutions, and (iii) asset recovery. These meetings facilitated the exchange of practices, contacts and execution of Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) requests among Central Authorities and senior prosecutors from 20 countries. B. Inter-regional training on Detection and Investigation of the Laundering of Crime Proceeds Committed Through the Use of Electronic Money and Virtual Currencies. Under the CASC Network, UNODC - jointly with the US Drug Enforcement Agency and Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighboring countries - delivered an inter-regional training course for prosecutors, financial investigators, FIU officials and trainers of national training institutions of eight countries. C. Training course on Informal and Formal International Cooperation For the Purpose of Recovery of Proceeds From Organized Crime, Kazakhstan This national training course was also given to prosecutors, FIU officials and trainers of the prosecutors training institute of Kazakhstan. D. CASC Network Toolkits The CASC Network also produced a practical tool entitled Basic Tips For Investigators and Prosecutors For Requesting Electronic Evidence From Foreign Jurisdictions. 3 Supported by UNODC's Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries, the AKT Initiative is aimed at strengthening cross-border cooperation in law enforcement and legal matters between Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at the starting point of the Northern Route for trafficking of narcotics from Afghanistan. E. Afghanistan-Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan (AKT) Initiative Ministerial Declaration, Kyrgyzstan, May 2016 A Ministerial Declaration Commitment to strengthening cooperation under the AKT Initiative was signed and the biennial roadmap approved for The Declaration emphasizes the need for: provision of advanced training courses for relevant law enforcement agencies; enhancing cooperation on issues related to strengthening regional law enforcement and judicial cooperation as well as closer cooperation in forensics; strengthened regional 3 The tool is available in the English, Russian and French languages on 8

9 cooperation in criminal matters including through providing Mutual Legal Assistance in drug related crimes / cases; the importance of institutional capacity building in counter narcotics and the exchange of information, and sharing of best practice; sharing drug related intelligence and information, and conducting coordinated and effective drug related intelligence operations. F. AKT Expert Meetings, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 2016 Expert Meetings took place on the drafting of the AKT Initiative Operation Plan and the formulation of the Memorandum of Understanding to provide a basis for operational cooperation and sharing of information on operations and investigations. Cross-cutting issue Activity Implementers Global Container Control Programme (CCP); Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP); Paris Pact Programme Consultative Mechanism; Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) About 90% of all trade is conducted via maritime containers of which more than 500 million are shipped yearly in the trade supply chain, and of this amount, less than 2% are inspected. The incredible volume of containers travelling the seas from country to country and continent to continent, make them important targets for actors in the illicit trade, including drug trafficking. The global dependency on maritime trade, combined with not only sophisticated concealment methods employed by narco-traffickers, but also diverse trafficking routes, make successful interdiction and intervention difficult. The situation, therefore, poses a serious threat to the international trade supply, as well as to sustainable development. In this context, The CCP has a global reach and aims to fortify the structures and processes which allow for the application of sustainable laws for States and selected ports, so as to minimize the exploitation of maritime containers for the illicit trafficking of drugs, and other transnational organized crime activities. 4 The maritime drug interdiction system is fragile given that trafficking of drugs by sea is complex. Trafficking of illicit narcotics in the Indian Ocean along the southern route is a significant problem requiring improved legal responses. Maritime trafficking poses an increasing challenge to authorities and requires a response coordinated between Governments, law enforcement agencies and the private sector, due to the high volume of containers being transported globally. 5 To supplement the existing global picture on opiates trafficking, under the Paris Pact framework, initial support for maritime interdiction operations at this early stage, have focused on ensuring the participation of the Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP) and the Combined Maritime Forces in expert and policy level meetings to facilitate information exchange primarily along key trajectories of the southern trafficking route. A. The Indian Ocean Forum on Maritime Crime (IOFMC) of the UNODC Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP). Within the context of the southern trafficking route and to complement partners implementation of the Vienna Declaration, the establishment of the IOFMC aims at supporting member states in countering five maritime crime typologies, including drug trafficking related Outcome of the Expert Group Meeting on Transnational Organised Crime at Sea, held in Vienna, Austria on 5-6 April 2016, 25 th session of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (E/CN.15/2016/CRP.3): 9

10 to the southern route. 6 The drug trafficking group has taken a leadership role in combating heroin trafficking on the southern route. B. IOFMC Compendium of Drug Seizures at Sea The IOFMC heroin trafficking group facilitated the compilation of the Compendium of Drug Seizures at Sea, collated jointly by the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) and GMCP. The Compendium initiated based on priorities formulated at the Paris Pact 2015 expert meetings - is the first record all drug seizures on the high seas of the Indian Ocean, which otherwise are not captured in global statistics due to jurisdictional issues relating to the high seas. The Compendium aims to create a benchmark for conducting seizure operations and to identify the origins of the product to specific areas in Afghanistan, and subsequently enabling sanctions to be imposed against those producers. 7 C. Drug and Law Enforcement Meetings 2015 The IOFMC held a joint session with drug enforcement and prosecutors in the Seychelles and a second meeting of drug enforcement officials in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The Colombo meeting facilitated the first Drug Enforcement Dialogs (DED) that provided opportunities for bilateral and trilateral contact between drug enforcement officials and offers a structured format to develop joint investigations. 6 The GMCP is UNODC s response to combat all forms of transnational organised crime by sea. The core objectives of the IOFMC are: to promote a shared understanding of maritime crime issues facing Indian Ocean states; formulate regional and interregional strategies to combat maritime crime; enhance coordination on investigating and prosecuting maritime crime; and develop, domestic, regional and inter-regional capacity to combat maritime crime. 7 The ongoing development of the compendium will enable further analysis based on signature testing that could help law enforcement agencies identify drug networks and manufacturing labs. 10

11 B) Priority Activity Areas 2016/2017 what is underway Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Lack of knowledge on dynamics along trafficking routes, quantities of drugs trafficked, trafficking networks and links with other illicit trades especially through the southern route Research and Trends Analysis Branch (RAB) / Drug Research Section / Afghan Opiate Trade Programme (AOTP); Paris Pact Programme Research and Liaison Officers and Drugs Monitoring Platform; Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries Sub-Programme 4; Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (GPML) In the context of the Paris Pact, the application of an evidence-based approach to reducing existing knowledge gaps, improving data collection and focusing on research on opiate flows across the drug supply pillars of the Vienna Declaration assists the partnership with policy and operational developments on drug control. A. UNODC Research, March 2016 The Afghan Opiate Trade and Africa A Baseline Assessment. This report presents insight along critical trajectories of the southerly flow of heroin out of Afghanistan, which serves a number of diverse destinations and outlines multiple knowledge gaps that need to be addressed beyond the scope of the existing members of the partnership. B. UNODC Research Northern Trafficking Route. This report will serve as a broadened update to the 2012 threat assessment on opiate flows through northern Afghanistan and Central Asia. It aims to answer questions about the route s evolvement since 2012 and its sub-routes, trafficking networks along the route, and links between the opiate and other illicit trades. C. UNODC Research June 2016 World Drug Report. This annual report presents analysis on the opiates drug market and the routes along which drugs are smuggled. Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Member States affected by southern route not yet Paris Pact partners; Need to further integrated Member States affected by, and programmes and organizations engaged in, southern route into global discussions incl. at Paris Pact fora Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime (BENATOC); Paris Pact Programme Consultative Mechanism; GPML, GPTOC; CCP; GMCP; Multiple Regional and Country Programmes To support the implementation of the Vienna Declaration, the Networking the Networks initiative represents an important platform to further integrate cross-border efforts that intersect across all modes of transportation (including by air and sea), to simultaneously bolster interdiction and to further integrate the Container Control Programme, Global Maritime Crime Programme, and interventions in East African 11

12 countries, countries of the Persian Gulf and the North Africa region into global discussions on opiate trafficking. 8 A. Institutionalize the Networking the Networks Initiative as a platform for inter-regional and interthematic drug supply law enforcement cooperation. For the period , the Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries will provide opportunities through the Networking the Networks initiative to support greater collaboration between JPC, CARICC, national law enforcement and customs agencies with agencies in neighbouring regions and others that operate globally such as SELEC, GCC-CICCD, APICC and INTERPOL. Advocate for the Networking the Networks initiative at the INTERPOL Dialogue on an Effective Multilateral Policing Architecture against Global Threats in March 2016, where regional police organizations gather with the aim to create a strong global policing architecture by clarifying the roles of each organization to identify areas for collaboration and encourage greater information exchange. B. Consider initiating the following activities through the Paris Pact. Utilize the Paris Pact expert meeting consultations as a broad mechanism to continue the work started under the Networking the Networks framework to enable practical oriented bi-, tri- and multilateral discussions. Explore the possibility of Networking the Networks discussions to identify priorities for future Expert Working Group meetings and simultaneously address key inter-thematic topics outlined in the Vienna Declaration. Explore holding joint Paris Pact precursors and cross-border cooperation expert meetings. Explore the formation of a sub-regional centres sub-group within the Expert Working Group structure with the specific aim to strengthen inter-regional coordination. Advocate for the participation of sub-regional centres such as the Gulf Cooperation Council Criminal Information Center to Combat Drugs (GCC-CICCD), in its capacity as a key partner within the Networking the Networks initiative, in Paris Pact expert meetings, in addition to the Joint Planning Cell 9 to strengthen inter-regional connectivity. Establish links between the Paris Pact (as a global platform for information sharing practices and joint action) and the newly adopted 2016 UNODC Strategic Partnership framework with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Gulf Partnership Framework, to further develop and consolidate approaches particularly aimed at curbing drug trafficking from Afghanistan. 10 C. Coordinate action along key trajectories of the southern route. The African continent and the Gulf states are positioned along the southern trafficking route (mostly for onward trafficking). To formulate an integrated, inter-regional response to crossborder cooperation associated with drug trafficking, UNODC will discuss with the Combined Maritime Forces and other relevant organizations and jurisdictions the benefits of joining the Paris Pact partnership. 8 These links reinforce specific recommendations outlined in the Abu Dhabi Declaration adopted at the 50 th Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matter in the Near and Middle East, November 2015 and the 59 th Session of the CND, March The Declaration provides the required regional, Near and Middle East perspective to the UNGASS preparations and emphasizes the grave concern about the growing threat posed by the drug problem to the region: 9 This would eventually include the participation of the structures still under development such as the Gulf Cooperation Council s GCCPOL and the Economic Cooperation Organization s ECOPOL. 10 UNODC Strategic Partnership with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries 2016: This cooperation would cut across both the drug supply and demand sides of the Vienna Declaration. The GCC-CICCD was established to facilitate cooperation amongst the six Member States of the GCC in the areas of drug and crime control. 12

13 Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Need to strengthen inter-agency cooperation as well as mechanisms for collection, analysis and dissemination of intelligence Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transational Organized Crime and the Networking the Networks Initiative (BENATOC); Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP); Global Container Control Programme (CCP); Paris Pact Programme Consultative Mechanism; Multiple Regional and Country Programmes; CARICC; Interpol; Europol; World Customs Organization; Southeast European Law Enforcement Centre (SELEC) and other regional structures Enhancing mechanisms for the collection, analysis and dissemination of intelligence and risk assessments goes hand in hand with the need to strengthen inter-agency cooperation. A. Promote intelligence exchange and launch inter-regional law enforcement operations Create platforms under the framework of the Networking the Networks to promote intelligence exchange and launch inter-regional law enforcement operations. The UNODC-INTERPOL Joint Partnership aims to strengthen inter-agency cooperation to secure maritime routes and borders especially through the establishment of dedicated interagency units to reduce the susceptibility for illicit trafficking of drugs, and widening access of the INTERPOL I-24/7 secure communication system. At the same time, the Partnership will look to coordinate support and development of criminal forensic capacity relating to both investigations and prosecutions with UNODC in the field of identification, detection and analysis of drugs and precursors. Discuss at upcoming Paris Pact expert meetings opportunities to expand the Drug Enforcement Dialogs initiative of the Indian Ocean Forum on Maritime Crime (under the auspices of the Global Maritime Crime Programme), to strengthen intelligence sharing between Indian Ocean countries located along the southern route with select countries on the northern and Balkan route countries. B. Improve backtracking capabilities Build backtracking capacities based on successful operations including those conducted by the Global Maritime Crime Programme and controlled deliveries by the Container Control Programme. Maximize upstream investigations of transnational organized crime by building on the CCP pilot activity to apply specialized investigation techniques on drug and precursor seizures. By institutionalising procedures and practices, delivering appropriate training, and providing simple equipment this will build upon the excellent work of the Port Control Units in identifying illicit container traffic and causing maximum disruption to the organised criminal groups behind these cargo movements by securing evidence to identify and arrest the perpetrators. 11 C. Consider the concept of vetted units to exchange critical criminal intelligence Develop best practice methodology for multilateral operations to simplify operational and intelligence exchange, and cross-border cooperation. 11 CCP Concept Note on Maximizing the Upstream Detection of Transnational Organized Crime

14 Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Lack of coordination among training institutions See relevant global, regional and country programmes in list of implementers under Operational Activities 2015, p. 6; Paris Pact Programme Consultative Mechanism; Regional Programme for East Africa Capacity development is a key component of multiple UNODC law enforcement interventions that are intertwined with the drug supply pillars of the Vienna Declaration. Based on available information, activities in this sub-section focus on the objectives of the BENATOC and the CCP. The BENATOC promotes a network of law enforcement training and education institutions for supporting more systematized, sustainable and inclusive regional and interregional cooperation between law enforcement training institutions. A. Institutionalization of a training network such as LE TrainNet as a sustainable approach for law enforcement information sharing and development including among regional cooperation structures. The second meeting of the LE TrainNet took place from June 2016, at the INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation, Singapore. The focus of the meeting was on the field of illicit financial flows, cybercrime and e-learning. 12 For financial flows, training is based on the modular principle to increase the adaptability of training content based on the level of expertise of the audience. UNODC will invite partners to a working level meeting in Vienna in the fourth quarter of 2016 to explore the harmonization of training material and training expert databases maintained by partner agencies. The Paris Pact Expert Working Group on Law Enforcement Training in Support to Crossborder Cooperation took place at INTERPOL General Secretariat in Lyon, France, on 8-9 November The meeting discussed existing gaps, difficulties and challenges in the training of law enforcement related to cross border cooperation, including aspects of training in criminal intelligence gathering, analysis and exchange, special investigative techniques, training methodologies as well as best practices in this field. B. Establishment of the Regional Working Group on Law Enforcement Training, end The first meeting of the planned Regional Working Group on Law Enforcement Training (RWGT) will be held in late The purpose of the Working Group is to provide technical assistance in the synchronisation of law enforcement training systems, establish a databank of training materials and a database to track training material as well as trainees and strengthen regional law enforcement training capacity building through training of trainers and interlink national efforts. C. Continuation of the roll-out of CCP theoretical and practical training, including inter alia: Regional Train-the-Trainer Workshop, Tashkent, Uzbekistan (September 2016) to set up a pool of trainers from Central Asia and Azerbaijan which can be used for facilitation of future training in the region. Container Control Mentorship Programme facilitated for customs officers from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan; providing training aimed at strengthening knowledge and skills 12 The LE TrainNet meeting took place in the margins of the INTERPOL Police Training Symposium, which offers a global forum for high-level law enforcement training officials to share knowledge on the latest developments in the field. Training-Symposium 14

15 of the Uzbek customs officers in "profiling" of the containers movement and using modern customs control methods including secured communication system "ContainerComm". Specialized training includes Customs Operational Practices for Enforcement and Seizures (COPES) that provides an introduction to investigation and evidence handling techniques. Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Lack of integration of financial investigations into law enforcement operations; Need to strengthen inter-agency cooperation on illicit financial flows Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Networking the Networks Initiative (BENATOC); relevant Regional and Country Programmes; Interpol; CARICC; Targeting financial sources is essential for disrupting organized crime and related networks. It is fundamental to look at trafficking from an integrated perspective with a primary focus on going after the proceeds of crime to enhance the fight against drug and precursor trafficking. A. Devise mechanisms to better integrate financial investigations into law enforcement operations. 13 Using the Third Networking the Networks meeting as a baseline, Paris Pact expert meetings could integrate the themes of intelligence networks and asset recovery into cross-border cooperation discussions. B. Strengthen inter-organization cooperation to combat illicit financial flows Based on the recently signed UNODC-INTERPOL Joint Partnership, the two organisations will work to improve infrastructure and know-how to combat illicit financial flows by preparing and enabling police and prosecutors to better for the money trails as it transverses countries, in collaboration with FIUs. Specifically, activities will seek to strengthen: the INTERPOL-StAR Global Focal Point Initiative on Asset Recovery (GFPI); conduct targeted operations against cash couriers; bolster countercriminal finance tools such as gotrace and INTERPOL-StAR; mainstream counter-finance in specialized crime activities; strengthen FIU and Law Enforcement Cooperation through financial disruption working groups; and conduct joint meetings and regional training events on financing of organized crime. C. UNODC Criminal Asset Identification Conference Budva, Montenegro, September 2016 Practitioners from South Eastern Europe and international experts gathered to further discuss sharing and starting the implementation of best practices in identifying assets acquired through criminal enterprise and building a basis for potential joint investigations. D. Common Information Picture (CIP) Workshops, Planning is underway to deliver a series of regular common information picture workshops in 2016, in both West and Central Asia and South Eastern Europe, to develop and maintain an ever-improving understanding of illicit financial flows, including those derived from drug trafficking. The first CIP Workshop has already taken place in Belgrade, Serbia in June The target audience for these workshops is law enforcement agencies, FIUs and prosecutors to exchange current trends and information on all illicit financial flows and transnational organized crime, review sanitized ongoing cases, also include the participation of observer Member States, the private sector and regional intelligence centres. 13 This concept is also explored in the section entitled Pillar II of the Vienna Declaration: Detecting and blocking financial flows linked to illicit traffic in opiates. 15

16 For 2016, this activity is funded under the CASH Initiative and the EU Heroin Route II project 14 for West and Central Asia, while a similar activity targeting the South Eastern Europe region remains unfunded. Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Insufficient / incomplete cooperation agreements; Need to enhance private sector inclusion to strengthen information exchange Global Programme for Strengthening Capacities of Member States to Prevent and Combat Organised and Serious Crime (GPTOC); Global Container Control Programme (CCP); Regional Programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries Sub- Programme 1 and 2; Programme for Central Asia Sub- Programme 1 and 2; Sahel Programme; Interpol A. Establish cooperation agreements to facilitate inter-regional cooperation CARICC is in the process of preparing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Joint Planning Cell (JPC), the Asia-Pacific Information and Coordination Center for Combating Drug Crimes (APICC) and the GCC-CICCD with regards to cooperation across legal frameworks. This would enable operations to take place beyond the immediate region and to coordinate with other intelligence centres. B. Extend and further develop existing regional prosecutorial and central authorities models such as the Network of Prosecutors and Central Authorities from Source, Transit and Destination Countries in response to Transnational Organized Crime in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus (CASC Network) An inter-regional training course for judges from Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus on The Use of Electronic Evidence in the Investigation, Prosecution and Adjudication of Criminal Offences took place in March E. Develop an international alert system of law enforcement services An alert system would strengthen private sector inclusion to enhanced information exchange and legal cooperation through the sharing of sanitized information with the private sector by building on the Container Control Programme model for private sector engagement with port operators, shipping lines, 15 and through the Airport Communication Programme (AIRCOP) under the UNODC Sahel Programme. This activity could also supplement the public and private sector alert systems activities outlined in the section titled Detecting and blocking financial flows linked to illicit traffic in opiates. In tandem, the new UNODC-INTERPOL Joint Partnership also aims further develop operational units working through AIRCOP at select airports in source, transit and destination countries and to connect them to each other. 14 Full title: Information Networks along the Heroin Route Project funded by the European Union's Instrument Contributing to Stability and Peace. 15 CCP Annual Report 2015, These relationships are vital to ensure that legitimate trade is facilitated through customs while allowing for the targeting of the highest risk cargoes. 16

17 Cross-cutting issue What is the Gap? Activity Implementers Need to expand strengths gained along southern route to other routes Global Programme on Building Effective Networks Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Networking the Networks Initiative (BENATOC); Global Container Control Programme (CCP); Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP); Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) The Global Maritime Crime Programme leads efforts to counter drug trafficking on the southern route and has much to contribute to the work of the Paris Pact. It is important that the strengths developed on the southern route are shared with partners engaged along the northern Balkan routes, and vice versa. A. Enhancing maritime cooperation networks In conjunction with the BENATOC under the Networking the Networks initiative, enhance maritime cooperation through, inter-alia, the promotion of coordinated action among specialized law enforcement bodies and operational units. B. Making use of existing regional and international cooperation structures including the IOFMC The GCC-CICCD and the IOFMC can be used to promote the flow of intelligence and coordination of operations. Through the IOFMC (under the auspices of the Maritime Crime Programme), there are many areas for possible cooperation, such as the collection of data based on a standardized format that links drug stamps, purity and signature tests that can serve as a valuable source of information to the Drug Monitoring Platform. 16 In this context, the IOFMC convened a Meeting of experts on Heroin Signature Testing and Isotope Measurements in Colombo, Sri Lanka (March 2016) to subsequently enable sanctions to be imposed against those producers. C. Reduce maritime drug trafficking knowledge gaps in cooperation with the Global Maritime Crime Programme On October 2016, UNODC and the Government of Sri Lanka co-hosted a meeting to address drug trafficking in the Indian Ocean Region. At the high-level meeting, Ministers and Government Representatives adopted the "Colombo Declaration", which gives way to the forthcoming Southern Route Partnership as the main coordination mechanism for counternarcotics initiatives in this region. The Global Maritime Crime Programme in conjunction with the Paris Pact and AOTP programmes are exploring capturing information on drug seizures in Indian Ocean countries on the Drugs Monitoring Platform. 17 Undertake tracking of money flows related to drug trafficking within the Indian Ocean, in partnership with the Global Programme against Money-Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (GPML) The analysis of signature test results will open new opportunities for inter-regional connectivity between the Indian Ocean countries and Paris Pact partners. 17 The Drugs Monitoring Platform (DMP) is the product of joint efforts of the Paris Pact programme, the Afghan Opiate Trade Project, the Regional Office for Central Asia (ROCA) and the Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries, and operated by the Coordination and Analysis Unit in ROCA. The DMP is an innovative online tool for collecting, monitoring, mapping and sharing drug-related data and provides immediate real-time information on the global illicit trade in opiates, with a focus on West and Central Asia. 18 This inter-thematic activity is also linked to efforts under Pillar II of the Vienna Declaration. 17

18 Expand data indicators for the Compendium 19 to include drug seizures at sea ports, and prioritize the expansion of signature testing capabilities across key transit states of the Indian Ocean region. ******* 19 This refers to the Compendium of Drug Seizures at Sea, collated jointly by the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) and the Global Maritime Crime Programme. 18