Efficiency of Data Center cooling

Transcription

1 Efficiency of Data Center cooling Comparison of data room layouts and cooling systems Bohumil Cimbal Product manager for Cooling Systems in CONTEG Company

2 Objective Basic questions between investor and cooling designer What DC arrangement is preferred? What is the requested cooling capacity? What temperatures in DC? How to increase Cooling efficiency?

3 Content Datacenter as a heat source Cooling effectiveness Methods to increase effectivity DC room layouts and cooling systems Case study comparison

4 Data center cooling

5 Data center cooling

6 Increasing effectivity Measure and calculate efficiency awareness is a good start Application of power saving components fans, compressors, pumps, EC motors, etc. Use of sophisticated logic control software, communication of all parts in system, free-cooling, pressure control, etc. Set the correct temperatures air, water, refrigerant

7 Data center components Power consumption

8 Power usage effectiveness Power usage effectiveness TOTAL FACILITY POWER Power delivery components (UPS, generators, PDUs, batteries, and distribution losses external to the IT equipment) Cooling system components (chillers, air conditioners, pumps, and cooling towers) Compute, network, and storage nodes Other miscellaneous component loads (lighting, cleaning...) IT EQUIPMENT POWER Load associated with all of the IT equipment Computer, storage, and network equipment Supplemental equipment (monitors, and workstations/laptops) used to monitor or otherwise control the datacenter

9 Power usage effectiveness

10 Ideal Temperature in DC Different points of view IT equipment Comfort x Cooling Energy Efficiency

11 Ideal Environment in DC From IT point of view New ASHRAE Classes Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments Expanded Data Center Classes by Technical Committee 9.9 Ti = C ϕ = 30-60%

12 Ideal Temperature for IT Server power consumption increases at higher ambient temperatures

13 Ideal Temperature for IT

14 the colder the better...

15 Ideal Temperature in DC From Energy point of view Benefits of higher temperature: Higher capacity of heat exchanger Thermal losses to the surround of DC Friendly compressor circuit conditions Higher efficiency of cold source Long free-cooling utilization Air temperature increase AC energy savings 1 K 4 % 2 K 8 % 3 K 12 % 4 K 16 % 5 K 20 % Source: Schweizer Bundesanstalt für Energiewirtschaft

16 Ideal Temperature in DC Temperature impact on Cooling capacity (kw) Return air Temperature Water temperature 6/12 C 10/16 C 12/18 C 15/21 C 45 C 81,8 72,4 67,7 60,7 40 C 70,1 60,7 55,9 48,9 35 C 58,3 48,9 44,2 37,1 30 C 46,5 37,1 32,4 25,3 25 C 37,1 27,7 23,0 15,9

17 Ideal Temperature in DC 22% annual energy consumption difference Ti = 25 C Ti = 18 C

18 the hotter the better...

19 Hot and Cold Air Separation Right conditions for computers + Maximal energy efficiency

20 Blanking panels and Separation frames SIDE VIEW BLANKING PLATES

21 Racks in open aisle

22 Not enough air

23 Too much air

24 Optimal air flow Impossible to keep steady Servers change the air-flow continually

25 Mechanical Air Separation with air flow control The only possibility!

26 Data Center Room Arrangements Plenum Feed With Room Return Cold aisle Containment w. Plenum Feed or In-row Cold aisle Containment w. Top cooling Room Feed with Plenum Return Closed aisle Containment w. In-row Units Modular Closed Loop w. In-row Units

27 Data room Cooling systems Comparison CRAC x In-Row x Topcooling

28 DC arrangement Cold and Hot Aisles

29 CRAC = Computer Room Air Conditioner

30 Air path length CRAC solution Cold air delivered under floor Long way to servers

31 In-Row Air-conditioning units integrated into rows of racks

32 Air path length In-ROW solution Deliver cold air where required front of servers

33 Top cooling Air-conditioning units on top of racks

34 Air path length Topcooling solution Deliver cold air where required front of servers

35 Temperature zones In-ROW solution Easy to plan different power and temperature zones CRAC solution Only one temperature in all zones in one room

36 Easy future enlargement In-ROW solution Possibility of DC enlarging in steps - minimizing initial investment CRAC solution Big initial investment Low initial efficiency

37 Basic features comparison Short air path to servers Easy to plan different power and temperature zones DC enlarging in steps - minimizing initial investment Open or Closed Architecture Cold or Hot Containments Technical service out of DC room Water in DC room Total power consumption of indoor units CRAC In-row Top cooling

38 Case study Financial effect: 1. Floor area savings 2. Energy savings Example: - 16 racks 600mm, depth 1000mm, height 42U - contained cold aisle - 35 C in hot zone, 25 C in cold zone - Chilled water system (10/15 C) - heat load 6kW/rack (total demanded cooling capacity 96 kw) - requested redundancy n+1

39 Case study CRAC (CW) In-Row (CW) CoolTop (CW) 3 CRAC units cooling capacity 53 kw air flow m 3 /h dimensions 950 x 900 mm consumption 1,8 kw Occupied floor area = 2,6 m 2 Total consumption 3,6 kw (2 running units) 6 in-row units cooling capacity 21 kw air flow 3800 m 3 /h dimensions 300 x 100 mm consumption 0,77 kw max (0,3 kw at capacity 96/6=16 kw per unit) Occupied floor area = 1,8 m 2 Total consumption 1,8 kw (6 low-speed running units) 4 Topcooling units cooling capacity 38 kw air flow m 3 /h) dimensions 2400 x 600 mm consumption 0,7 kw max (0,2 kw at capacity96/4=24 kw per unit) Occupied floor area = 0 m 2 Total consumption 0,8 kw (4 running units)

40 Case study CRAC (CW) In-Row (CW) CoolTop (CW) 3 CRAC units cooling capacity 53 kw air flow m 3 /h dimensions 950 x 900 mm consumption 1,8 kw Occupied floor area = 2,6 m 2 Total consumption 3,6 kw (2 running units) 6 in-row units cooling capacity 21 kw air flow 3800 m 3 /h dimensions 300 x 100 mm consumption 0,77 kw max (0,3 kw at capacity 96/6=16 kw per unit) Occupied floor area = 1,8 m 2 Total consumption 1,8 kw (6 low-speed running units) 4 Topcooling units cooling capacity 38 kw air flow m 3 /h) dimensions 2400 x 600 mm consumption 0,7 kw max (0,2 kw at capacity96/4=24 kw per unit) Occupied floor area = 0 m 2 Total consumption 0,8 kw (4 running units)

41 Case study Financial effects: 1. Floor area savings Floor area per unit Number of units Occupied floor area Floor area price Financial loss (m 2 ) (pcs) (m 2 ) ( /m 2 /year) ( /year) Top cooling In-Row 0,3 6 1, CRAC 0,9 3 2, Expected price of one footprint (0,6m 2 ) is 500 per month.

42 Case study Financial effects : 1. Energy savings Indoor units consumption Number of units Annual power consumption Energy price Annual costs (kw) (pcs) (kwh) ( /kwh) ( /year) Top cooling 0,2 x 4 = 0, , In-Row 0,3 x 6 = 1, , CRAC CW* 0,7 x 3 = 2, , CRAC CW** 1,8 x 2 = 3, , * Redundant units are working (partial operation). ** Redundant units are stand-by.

43 Annual savings ( ) Top cooling In-Row CRAC

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47 Summary DC concept Business plan in time, sizes, capacities Cooling design cooling system, CFD simulation, critical situations, TIER classes, safety points Building process product quality, piping system, monitoring Operation air separation, temperature setting, efficiency tracing

48 Thank you for your attention Dipl.Ing. Bohumil Cimbál