Cabling a Data Center to TIA-942 Standard
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1 Cabling a Data Center to TIA-942 Standard BICSI 2006 Winter Conference Wednesday, January 25 th 2006 at 9:15 am Gary J. Bernstein, RCDD HellermannTyton Corporation
2 Agenda Overview of TIA-942 Data Center Standard How is a data center defined? Who is the standard for? How can the standard help you better design your infrastructure? Cabling media options Examples of typical applications
3 Summary of TIA-942 Purpose is to provide requirements and guidelines for the DESIGN and INSTALLATION of a data center or computer room Will enable design to be involved early in construction process Allow for long term planning of data centers to support growth and future applications
4 Outline of Standard Design Cabling System Infrastructure Telecommunications Spaces & Topologies Cabling Systems Cabling Pathways Redundancy Informative Annexes
5 What is a data center? A building or portion of a building whose primary function is to house a computer room and it s support areas
6 Types of Data Centers Private Domain or Enterprise Public Domain
7 Data Center Design Coordination of all aspects of a data center is critical including: Telecommunications cabling system Equipment floor plan Electrical plans Architectural plan HVAC Security Lighting system
8 Recommended Design Process Estimate needs at full capacity for all equipment Anticipate future growth over life of data center Provide all requirements to architects and engineers Create an equipment floor plan Design telecommunications cabling system
9 Building Shell General Office Space Building Site TR s & ER s Serving spaces outside DC Data Center Relationship of spaces in a data center Support Staff Entrance Room(s) DC Electrical & Mechanical Rooms NOC TR(s) serving DC spaces Storage Rooms & Loading Docks Computer Room
10 Data Center Tiers Relates to levels of availability of infrastructure Tier Classifications were originally defined by The Uptime Institute Addresses critical systems of data center Critical systems may have different ratings Ratings can be degraded as data center load increases over time
11 Tier I - Basic Single path for power and cooling distribution No redundant components May not have a raised floor Susceptible to disruption from planned and unplanned activity 28.8 hours of annual downtime
12 Tier II Redundant Components Single path for power and cooling distribution Redundant components Has a raised floor Slightly less susceptible to disruptions than Tier I 22.0 hours of annual downtime
13 Tier III Concurrently Maintainable Multiple power and cooling distribution paths Only one active path Redundant Components Allows for any planned site infrastructure activity without disrupting computer hardware operation 1.6 hours of annual downtime
14 Tier IV Fault Tolerant Multiple active power and cooling distribution paths Redundant components All computer hardware must have dual power inputs Can sustain at least one worst-case, unplanned failure or event with no critical load impact 0.4 hours of annual downtime
15 TIA-942 Defines Critical Systems Telecommunications* Architectural and Structural Electrical Mechanical
16 Tier 1 Telecommunications Requirements Cabling, racks, cabinets & pathways meet TIA-942 requirements Has 1 entrance pathway from access provider to facility Single pathway for all cabling Recommended labeling per ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A and Annex B
17 Tier 2 Telecommunications Requirements All requirements of Tier 1 Has 2 entrance pathways from access provider to facility Routers & switches to have redundant power supplies and processors Addresses vulnerability of service entering building
18 Tier 3 Telecommunications Requirements All requirements of Tier 2 Be served by at least 2 access providers A secondary entrance room Redundant backbone pathways Multiple routers and switches for redundancy Addresses vulnerability of a single access provider
19 Tier 4 Telecommunications Requirements All requirements of Tier 3 Redundant backbone cabling Backbone cabling should be in conduit or have interlocking armor Optional secondary distribution area Optional redundant horizontal cabling Address any vulnerability of the cabling infrastructure
20 Telecommunications Spaces Entrance Room (ER) Main Distribution Area (MDA) Horizontal Distribution Area (HDA) Zone Distribution Area (ZDA) Equipment Distribution Area (EDA)
21 Example of basic data center topology from TIA-942
22 Entrance Room Access provider demarcation point Termination equipment for access provider cables Interface between data center cabling and interbuilding cabling Pathways for all entrance cables May be located inside or outside computer room
23 Central point of distribution Main Distribution Area Includes the main cross-connect (MC) May include horizontal crossconnect (HC) Core routers & switches for LAN/SAN, PBX are located here Located inside computer room Must be at least one MDA
24 Horizontal Distribution Area Supports all the cabling to the equipment distribution areas Includes the horizontal crossconnect (HC) Switches for equipment in EDA located here Located inside computer room Minimum of one HDA per floor
25 Zone Distribution Area Optional inter-connection point within horizontal cabling Located between HDA and EDA Allows frequent reconfiguration and flexibility Should serve a maximum of 288 connections to avoid cable congestion Shall be no active equipment (except for DC power)
26 Equipment Distribution Area Space for end equipment: Servers Mainframes Tape Drives Horizontal cabling is terminated here onto patch panels Point-to-point cabling between equipment is allowed
27 Data Center Cabling System
28 Recognized Cabling Media 100-Ohm twisted-pair cable 62.5/125 µm or 50/125 µm multimode fiber Singlemode fiber 75 Ohm coaxial cable Various options for each media Traditional field terminations Pre-terminated configurations Pre-terminated Traditional
29 Horizontal Cabling Topology Horizontal Distribution Area Horizontal Cabling Equipment Distribution Area Horizontal Cabling Zone Distribution Area Horizontal Cabling Equipment Distribution Area
30 Horizontal Cabling Cabling from HDA to EDA including Horizontal cables Horizontal cross-connects Patch Cords Optional consolidation point or zone outlet 100 meter MAX horizontal cable distance Distance reduced if zone area cable used
31 FA STAT N US THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY Power Supply 1 SERI ES Power Supply 2 SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD 48-Port Patch Panels Horizontal Cabling Patch bay Patch Cord into Server Patch Cord into Switch Servers Switch Ca ta ly st 6500 HDA Sample Application EDA
32 FA STAT N US THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY THE SIEMON COMPANY Power S uppl y 1 SERI ES Power S uppl y 2 SD SD SD SD SD SD SD SD 48-Port Patch Panels Servers Patch Cord into Switch Switch Horizontal Cabling Patch Cord into Server Ca ta lyst 6500 HDA ZDA EDA
33 Backbone Cabling Topology TR Backbone Cabling Entrance Room Main Distribution Area Backbone Cabling Horizontal Distribution Area Horizontal Distribution Area
34 Cabling between ER, MDA and HDA including: Backbone cables Main cross-connects Horizontal cross-connects Patch cords Shall allow network reconfigurations and future growth Backbone Cabling
35 Cabling Pathways Data Centers shall adhere to ANSI/TIA-569-B specifications with exceptions noted in standard Cabling shall not be routed through public spaces unless enclosed in secure pathways Maintenance holes, pull boxes, splice boxes shall be locked and monitored
36 Cabling Pathways Separation of Cabling Proper distances must be maintained between electrical and twisted pair cables Branch electrical circuits should be in watertight flexible metal conduit Feeder electrical circuits to power distribution units should be in solid metal conduit If using cable tray MINIMUM of 12 between trays
37 Cabling Pathways Separation of Cabling Access Floors Allocate separate aisles for power and telecommunications cabling If not possible, then provide both horizontal and vertical separation
38 Cabling Pathways Separation of Cabling Cable Trays Fiber and copper cabling in trays should be separated: Improves administration Minimizes damage to smaller diameter cables If possible, fiber should be on top of copper
39 Cabling Pathways Entrance Room Should all be underground Each Access Provider should have at least one 4 conduit Shall meet ANSI/TIA-569-B
40 Cabling Pathways Access Floors Cabling under floor shall be in ventilated cable trays Trays may be installed in multiple layers Trays shall have a maximum depth of 6 Access floor should use bolted stringer structure Plenum rated cable is typical consult AHJ
41 Cabling Pathways Overhead Cable Trays Trays may be installed in multiple layers Trays shall have a maximum depth of 6 In shared-tenant data center common spaces: Solid bottom tray OR MIN of 9 ft above finished floor Tray should be supported from ceiling
42 Redundancy Reliability of telecommunications infrastructure needs to be increased Defined by Tier ratings Very common to have multiple Service Providers Entrance Pathways should be on opposite ends of building If secondary ER required: Access provider equipment should be able to operate independently 20 meters of separation Separate fire protection zones
43 Redundancy Main Distribution Area If secondary distribution required: Core routers and switches should be distributed Circuits should be split Separate fire protection zones Separate power distribution units Separate air conditioning systems
44 Infrastructure Redundancy MDA (Primary) EDA HDA EDA SDA (Redundant) HDA ZDA EDA
45 Redundancy Backbone Cabling Protects against outage caused by damage Common to see additional cabling MDA to HDA HDA to HDA Cabling should be run along different routes If secondary distribution area Not required HDA to HDA
46 Redundancy Horizontal Cabling Cabling should be run along different routes Still must meet 100 meter maximum cable lengths Critical equipment can be supported by 2 HDA s Separate fire protection zones
47 Informative Annex B Identification of Cabling Infrastructure Data Centers should adhere to ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A with exceptions as noted in standard
48 Identification Scheme for Floor Space Floor space should track the data center grid Use two letters and two numeric digits to identify each 600mm x 600mm (2ft X 2ft) floor tile AA, AB, AC AZ, BA, BB, BC and so on
49 Sample Floor Space Identifier AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN X Coordinate Y Coordinate
50 Identification Scheme for Racks and Cabinets All racks and cabinets should be labeled front and back For rooms with access floors, each rack and cabinet to have a unique identifier based on floor tile coordinates If cabinet rests on more than one tile, the same corner of each cabinet can be used to identify the grid location Example: Front right corner
51 X Coordinate AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN Right Front Corner Sample Cabinet Y Coordinate Sample Cabinet Identifier: AJO5
52 Identification Scheme for Racks and Cabinets In data centers with multiple floors, the floor number should be added as a prefix to the cabinet number EXAMPLE: A cabinet whose right front corner is at tile AJ05 on floor 2, will be named: 2AJO5
53 Identification Scheme for Patch Panels Each panel to be labeled with an alpha character starting with A, B, C Z etc. Starting from the top of the rack down Horizontal wire management panels do not count when determining patch panel position
54 Sample of Panel Identifiers on Rack A AJ05-A to AQ 03-B Ports B AJ05-B to AQ 03-C Ports C AJ05-C to AQ03-D Ports D AJ05-D to AQ 03-E Ports E AJ05-E to AQ 03-F Ports F AJ05-F to AQ03-G Ports
55 Sample Patch Panel Identifiers AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW AX AY CAT 6 x 24 X Coordinate Right Front Corner Sample Cabinet Right Front Corner Y Coordinate 12 13
56 Patch Panel Identifier Near end cabinet location and panel identifier to be followed by the far end cabinet location and panel identifier + port numbers AJ05-A to AQ03-B Ports 1-24
57 Sample of Patch Panel Identifier
58 Cable and Patch Cord Identifier Cables and patch cords should be labeled on both ends with the location of both ends of the cable Example of the near end cable label: AJ05-A01 / AQ03-B01 Example of the far end cable label: AQ03-B01 / AJ05-A01
59 Sample of Patch Cord Identifier
60 Sample of Cable Identifier
61 Summary Builds off of several existing TIA standards Focuses on specific needs and applications of data center environment Recommends best design and cabling practices Recommends different cabling media options Useful tool for design and installation of a data center environment
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