5. SQL Query Syntax 1. Select Statement. 6. CPS: Database Schema

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2 5. SQL Query Syntax 1. Select Statement 6. CPS: Database Schema

3 Joined in 2016 Previously IT Manager at RSNWO in Northwest Ohio AAS in Computer Programming A+ Certification in 2012 Microsoft Certified Professional in SQL Server 2012/2014

4 Session Objectives Learn to access SQL Server via SQL server Management Studio Learn and review Centricity Practice Solutions database schema Learn basic SQL Query syntax, objects, and data types Hands-on labs learning basic and advanced query writing

5 Accessing SQL Server Using SQL Server Management Studio

6 Accessing SQL Server SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) SSMS is an integrated environment for managing any SQL infrastructure, from SQL Server to SQL Database. SSMS provides tools to configure, monitor, and administer instances of SQL. Free product from Microsoft

7 Accessing SQL Server Login Screen Grants access to the SQL Server SQL server Authentication or AD Connection Object Explorer Grants Access to Databases within the SQL Server Many Database can live inside of one server Grants access to Database objects with in each Database

8 Accessing SQL Server Ribbon Normal Microsoft ribbon Query execute button Object explorer Access to database objects Query window Window to write SQL commands and queries Results window Query results and other database messages

9 SQL Database Objects

10 Tables Collection of related data held in a structured format Consists of rows and columns A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows. May have child objects Indexes Triggers

11 Views Views are virtual result sets based on real tables Data is displayed as rows and columns just like real tables. Any modifications, including UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements, must reference columns from only one base table. Can be used for partitioning data

12 Stored Procedures Batch of SQL Statements Stored in database and available to multiple applications Benefits: Centralize data access Added level of security Ability to process many complex operations in one place Reduce network I/O by limiting calls to the database from an application May return multiple result sets

13 Data Types A data type is an attribute that specifies the type of data that the object can hold Exact Numerics (bigint, numeric, bit, smallint, decimal, smallmoney, int, tinyint, money) Approximate Numerics (float, real) Date and Time (date, datetimeoffset, datetime2, smalldatetime, datetime, time) Character Strings (char, varchar, text) Unicode Character Strings (nchar, nvarchar, ntext) Binary Strings (nchar, nvarchar, ntext) Other

14 SQL Query Syntax

15 Select Statement SELECT is used to query the database and retrieve records that match the criteria specified. All statements should be terminated using a semi-colon (;) ALL and DISTINCT ALL (default) returns all matching records DISTINCT discards duplicate records based on selected columns

16 Select Statement SELECT has 5 main clauses FROM What Table or View holds the Data WHERE What Condition must the Data meet GROUP BY Group together the remaining rows by a condition HAVING Filter groups by a condition ORDER BY Sort Results by a column or columns for easier readability

17 Select Statement SQL is not processed who the query is written Logical processing by the server From Where Group by Having Select Order by

18 Select Statement Example query SELECT PatientProfileId, PatientId, First, Last, Birthdate, State,Zip FROM PatientProfile WHERE State = 'ID' ORDER BY Zip

19 Joining Tables SQL join allows queries to look inside of other tables for data SQL has many join types 4 most common joins Inner join Left join returns all the records in the Left Table that have a match record in the Right Table. returns all the records in the Left Table and any matching records in the Right Table. Used when all records in the Left Table are needed. Right join returns all the records in the Right Table and any matching records in the Left Table. Used when all records in the Right Table are needed. Full outer Join returns all records from both tables, the join matches records from the Left Table that match records from the Right Table. Inner Joins and Left Joins are the most commonly used Joins

20 Joining Tables Example SELECT PatientProfileId, PatientId, First, Last, Birthdate, State,Zip,VisitID FROM PatientProfile INNER JOIN PatientVisit on PatientVisit.patientprofileId = PatientProfile.PatientprofileID WHERE State = 'ID' ORDER BY Zip

21 Aliases Clarify Output Minimize Code Query Objects Multiple Times Rename output columns Many ways to assign an Alias AS is the recommended standard = is also acceptable

22 Aliases SELECT PP.PatientProfileId, PP.PatientId, PP.First, PP.Last, PP.Birthdate, PP.State,PP.Zip,PV.VisitID FROM PatientProfile as PP INNER JOIN PatientVisit as PV on PV.patientprofileId = PP.PatientprofileID WHERE State = 'ID' ORDER BY Zip

23 CPS: Database Schema Standard Naming Convention UPPER CASE NAMES are generally EMR Only Proper Case Names are generally PM Patient Insurance Tables PatientProfile PatientInsurance InsuranceCarrier InsuranceGroup

24 CPS: Database Schema Patient Visit Tables PatientProfile PatientVisit PatientVisitProcs Billing Tables PatientVisit PatientVisitAgg PatientVisitProcs PatientVisitProcsAgg PaymentMethod VisitTransactions

25 CPS: Database Schema Clinical Observations DOCUMENT OBS OBSHEAD Clinical Orders DOCUMENT ORDERS ORDERCAT

26 CPS: Special Rules Naming Scheme Prefix ALL custom database objects with cus to prevent them from being deleted during software updates. Clinical ID Numbers Clinical ID Numbers are calculated using a special formula. They are not autoincrement and must adhere to special GE rules. Failure to comply with GE rules may result in data loss. Do not use the name MedLists in any database shared by a CPS instance

27 CPS: Visualutions Tables CHC Prefixed with cuschc or cuscri Primary CHC data stored in cuscriinterview CHC Meta Data List Items stored in cuscrimedlists New CHC Product Lots of new tables Data Dictionary will be made available

28 Best Practices Do not develop using a production database Backup before a modification Backup database and report files regularly Rebuild indexes regularly Monitor server resource utilization Disable user accounts that are no longer used Enforce and comply with a most restrictive security policy

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