Linked Open Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities in Finland
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1 Linked Open Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities in Finland Aalto Data Day, Espoo, Finland Eero Hyvönen Prof., Director Aalto University and University of Helsinki HELDIG Helsinki Centre for Digital Humanities Semantic Computing Research Group (SeCo)
2 Contents Background: History Vision: Linked Open Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities in Finland (LODI4DH) Challenges: Data Complexity & Production Solution: Components of LODI4DH
3 Background: History 2001-
4 Semantic Web Activity at W3C Started 2001
5 Web of Pages WWW Web of Data GGG (Giant Global Graph)
6 Linked Open Data Cloud 2018 LODStats 2018 ( datasets,150 billion triples
7 2001 (Hyvönen, ed., 2002)
8 History behind this talk Semantic Portals for Cultural Heritage 2004 MuseumFinland Finnish Museums on the Semantic Web» CultureSampo Finnish Culture on the Semantic Web 2.0» BookSampo Fiction Literature on the Semantic Web» TravelSampo -- Mobile Contextualized Services of Cultural Tourism 2015 WarSampo Finnish World War II on the Semantic Web» Semantic National Biography» To be published in September 2018
9 Ontology and Data Services 2009 National Ontology Library Service ONKI» ONKI.fi -> Finto.fi of the National Library» Linked Data Finland Data Service & Tools» Finnish Ontology Service for Historical Places and Maps» Publications available at:
10 Joint Work During Over 30 researchers at SeCo including Eetu Mäkelä, Tomi Kauppinen, Jouni Tuominen, Kim Viljanen, Tuukka Ruotsalo, Osma Suominen, Matias Frosterus, Suvi Kettula, Kaisa Hypen, Erkki Heino, Petri Leskinen, Minna Tamper, Esko Ikkala, Mikko Koho, Over 50 organizations involved
11
12 What Is Digital Humanities? Computer Science Digital Humanities Humanities Social Sciences
13 Example Application: WarSampo Linked Death Finnish WW2 on the Semantic Web (Hyvönen et al., ESWC 2016)
14 Semantic Portal: 8 Perspectives to WW2 Persons perspective users in a week Nov 22, 2017
15
16 WarSampo Linked Open Data Cloud 12M triples knowledge graph
17 Linked Data Infrastructure for Digital Humanities
18 LODI4DH Traditional Infras: (rail)roads, electricity, Semantic Content Infra: Ontologies, metadata, data
19 Challenges: Content Complexity & Production
20 Problem 1: Cultural Content Compexity - Heterogenous and Interlinked Artifacts Maps Encyclopedia Videos Buildings Narratives Literature Music Cultural sites Biographies Fine arts
21 Problem 2: Cultural Content Production System - Distributed and Independent Land survey Museums Web 2.0 sites Archieves Media Linked Data Citizens Libraries
22 Solution: Sampo Model
23 Sampo Model for Semantic Interoperabiity Land survey Museums Content Providers Semantic Metadata Web 2.0 sites Archieves Linked Data Infrastructure Media Linked Data Citizens Libraries
24 How Does This Work in Practise?
25 Biographical Registries Collect Data about Persons Person Name Profession Birth Place henkilö nimi ammatti syntymapaikka... H1 Akseli Gallen-Kallela taiteilija Lemu H2 Gustaf Mannerheim marsalkka Askainen... name Akseli Gallen-Kallela Person type H1 profession Artist birthplace Lemu Biography Center type nanme Gustaf Mannerheim H2 profession Marshall birthplace Askainen
26 Art Museum Catalogs Paintings teos nimi tekijä aika aihe... T1 Mannerheimin muotokuva Akseli Gallen-Kallela 1929 Gustaf Mannerheim T2 Aino-triptyykki Akseli Gallen-Kallela 1891 Aino, Kalevala... name Akseli Gallen-Kallela Art Museum Collection creator T1 type Painting... time 1929 subject nimi Gustaf Mannerheim
27 Land Survey Organizations Know Places kunta Askainen Helsinki Lemu Turku... lääni Varsinais-Suomen lääni Uudenmaan lääni Varsinais-Suomen lääni Varsinais-Suomen lääni County Lemu type type Province Land Survey part-of type part-of... part-of Varsinais-Suomen lääni Finland Askainen Turku part-of
28 Ontologies are Developed by Semantic Web Researchers KOKO-ontology Subclass Hierarchy Endurant subclassof Concept Perdurant Abstract PhysicalObject subclassof Place subclassof subclassof TimePeriod Profession County Person Artist subclassof FinnONTO Province Painting Marshall
29 RDF Connects and Harmonizes Linked Data into a GGG Concept Endurant subclassof Perdurant subclassof A bstract subclassof PhysicalObject subclassof Place yläluokka Person type type subclassof Akseli Gallen-Kallela name profession Artist H1 birthplace Lemu tekijä tyyppi maalaus T1 Time type type Profession County Province type Portal Triplestore yläluokka... aihe aika 1929 part-of Varsinais-Suomen lääni part-of Finland H2 Gustaf Mannerheim name profession Marshall part-of part-of Serendipity: 1+1 > 2 birthplace Askainen Turku
30 1+1>2
31 AI
32 In Principle a Piece of Cake but How to align concepts (URIs) used by different organizations? How to align metadata models used by different organization? SHARED INFRA NEEDED!
33 Major Components Needed
34 Key Components of a Semantic Web Intrastructure 1. Domain Ontologies 2. Metadata Models RDF 3. Datasets
35 Component 1: Domain Ontologies
36 Concepts (IDs) and Data Model Glue Data Together Solution: Shared Ontology Infrastructure concept endurant subclassof perdurant subclassof abstract subclassof physical object subclassof place subclassof subclassof time occupation municipality name Akseli Gallen-Kallela type person type type P1 occupation artist birth place Lemu creator type W1 painting type province type subclassof... topic time 1929 part-of Varsinais-Suomi part-of Finland P2 Gustaf Mannerheim name occupation marshal part-of part-of birth place Askainen Turku
37 Ontology of Historical Persons
38 Resolving Identities
39 Ontology of Historical Places and Maps
40 Hipla.fi: Searching for Place Viipu
41 Ontology of Historical Events Semantic glue of everything
42 Some Works of SeCo Group WW1 history ontology Finnish WW2 history in WarSampo Finnish History Ontology HISTO Based on the Agricola Network timeline Work continues
43 Example of an Event on HISTO Ontology 43
44 Ontology of Historical Keywords
45 Holistic Collaborative Finnish Ontology KOKO Aligning ontologies: General upper ontology YSO + domain-specific ontologies Leikkaavat Intersecting ontologiat ontologies Number Yhteisten of ekvivalenttien equivalent käsitteiden concepts määrä YSO + TAO 1990 YSO + MAO 2330 YSO + VALO 950 MAO + TAO 1190 YSO Your ontology?... AFO VALO MAO TAO KOKO... [Hyvönen et al., ESWC 2009] 45
46 Examples Professions Archeological concepts Object types, materials etc. Mappings with international thesauri
47 Ontology of Historical Times and Periods
48 Component 2: Metadata Models Object and document centric Traditional approach in museums Dublin Core Event-centric Object = sum of the events related to it (= biography) New standards for data harmonization and enriching CIDOC CRM (museums) + IFLA LRM (libraries) Process-centric? Next level after events
49 Example Type: Image Title: Allied Leaders at Yalta Date: 1945 Publisher: United Press International (UPI) Source: The Bettmann Archive Copyright: Corbis References: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin Metadata Document/Object-centric model Photos, Persons About [Slide by: Stephen Stead] 49
50 Event-centric view: CIDOC CRM (Stephen Stead, 2008)
51 CIDOC CRM: Event Based Modeling (Stephen Stead, 2008)
52 Component 3: Datasets for the Finnish DH Cloud
53 Examples Persons Semantic National Biography Places Nimiarkisto (Kotus) Map collections (National Archives, Land Survey, ) Events Acricola and other timelines of Finnish history Museums and Libraries Finnish National Gallery Finna, Fennica BookSampo, CultureSampo Media YLE and KAVA achives Legislation Semantic Finlex
54 How to Deploy the Infrastructure for the Clients to Use?
55 How to publish Linked Data? 5-star Linked Data model (Tim Berners-Lee) Department of Computer Science 55
56 Our 7-star model and LDF.fi data hotel Goals: enhance re-usability and data quality Burj AlArab 56
57 Why LDF.fi? Living Laboratory for publishing Linked Open Data Same idea as in ontology services (e.g., ONKI ) But for data and schemas Data Services for Linked datasets Schemas Links to Related services Related applications Learning Center For publishing and using Linked Data 57
58 Linked Data Finland Living Lab 58
59 Example dataset: Finnish Law as Linked Data Department of Computer Science 59
60 Additional Services 5-star Linked Data Services - Viewing and browsing RDF - SPARQL endpoint services (using Fuseki) Documentation Validation Visualization Data curation - Automatic annotation, RDF editing, data linking Sharing policies - URI minting - Licensing Your data? - Open service for publishing useful Linked Data Department of Computer Science 60
61 Developers View to Linked Data: Rich Internet Applications (RIA) Application 1 Application 2 Application N Client Side (Browser) SPARQL End Point Linked Data Service WWW Standard Model Server Side
62 WarSampo: two components Linked Data Service Data Service for Linked Open Data Applications Applications based on the service
63 Conclusions
64 Key Lesson Learned: Shared infra is the key for high quality linked data Intellectuals solve problems - geniuses prevent them Albert Einstein
65 More Info Questions? LODI4DH Semantic Web & Linked Data Sampo Model & Applications In English In Finnish Cultural-Heritage-Synthesis- Technology/dp/ n-web/ 65
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