Interoperability: Advantages, Problems and Solutions
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1 Fakultät Informatik Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Professur Technische Informationssysteme Interoperability: Advantages, Problems and Solutions Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Klaus Kabitzsch Dresden,
2 Complexity and Economy Folie 2
3 Complexity in Intelligent Rooms One room many networked components Folie 3
4 Complexity in Intelligent Buildings One building - many networked rooms Folie 4
5 Complexity in the Future Internet of things vision much more networked components Folie 5
6 Complexity in the Future WHO can design it and HOW to design it? Folie 6
7 Complexity in the Future WHO can design it and HOW to design it? WHO? Computer Scientists? Craftsmen? Customers / Clients? Self-X? HOW? Programming line per line? Composition of Components? Self-X? Folie 7
8 Complexity in the Future WHO can design it and HOW to design it? Cost Quality WHO? Computer Scientists? Craftsmen? Customers / Clients? Self-X? HOW? Programming line per line? Composition of Components? Self-X? Folie 8
9 Complexity in the Future WHO can design it and HOW to design it? Cost Quality WHO? Computer Scientists? Craftsmen? Customer / Client? Self-X? Combination of different people: collaborative workflow HOW? Programming line per line? Composition of Components? Self-X? Combination: prefabrication and re-use Folie 9
10 Prefabrication and Re-Use Folie 10
11 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Whole buildings and their digital twins (BIM / IFC) Y Pos V_SET Stellantriebsaktor V_STA Pos PAR_CAL Construction IFC ISO HVAC VDI 3805 ISO Hardware ecl@ss IEC / ISO Software VDI 3813/14/12 {ISO 16484} Prefabricated components: from electronic catalogues Folie 11
12 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Geometry, Materials Whole buildings and their digital twins (BIM / IFC) Flows, Causalities Y Pos V_SET Stellantriebsaktor V_STA Pos PAR_CAL Construction IFC ISO HVAC VDI 3805 ISO Hardware ecl@ss IEC / ISO Software VDI 3813/14/12 {ISO 16484} Prefabricated components: from electronic catalogues Folie 12
13 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Geometry, Materials Whole buildings and their digital twins (BIM / IFC) Flows, Causalities Y Pos V_SET Stellantriebsaktor V_STA Pos PAR_CAL Construction IFC ISO HVAC VDI 3805 ISO Hardware ecl@ss IEC / ISO Software VDI 3813/14/12 {ISO 16484} Prefabricated components: from electronic catalogues Folie 13
14 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 14
15 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) re-used by composition of networked building automation components search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 15
16 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) re-used by composition of networked building automation components search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 16
17 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly composition of networked building automation components Folie 17
18 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Some good data connections Folie 18
19 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors Needed data flow impossible Needed automation functions impossible Folie 19
20 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Some good data connections Folie 20
21 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors Needed data flow impossible Needed automation functions impossible Folie 21
22 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Some good data connections Folie 22
23 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors Needed data flow impossible Needed automation functions impossible Folie 23
24 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Some good data connections Folie 24
25 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors Needed data flow impossible Needed automation functions impossible Folie 25
26 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors It s like a puzzle! Millions of combinations (exponential complexity) Folie 26
27 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors It s like a puzzle! Millions of combinations (exponential complexity) Needs long time to find a solution Sometimes impossible to find a solution Folie 27
28 Prefabrication, Re-Use = Component Assembly Missing or insufficient data connectors It s like a puzzle! Millions of combinations (exponential complexity) Needs long time to find a solution Sometimes impossible to find a solution Cost Quality Folie 28
29 Interoperability Folie 29
30 Preconditions Interoperability of Components Definition: Two (or more) Components are interoperable, if they are able to work together in defined functions without additional effort for design or adaptation (unless produced by different vendors). bilateral (A - B) or multilateral A B in a defined environment in defined functions Folie 30
31 Preconditions Hierarchy of Preconditions for Fitness Interchangeable Interoperable Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable non functional plug & play Folie 31
32 Preconditions - Compatible Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 32
33 Preconditions - Interconnectable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 33
34 Preconditions - Interconnectable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 34
35 Preconditions - Interconnectable How to guarantee the preconditions? AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhabfairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 35
36 Preconditions - Interconnectable Conformity of Components Definition: A component C is conform to a standard S, if all properties of C are equal to S. This can be evaluated by a comparison with a standard equipment during a conformance test and confirmed by a certificate WHEN A S-Equip. Properties are equal AND B S-Equip. Properties are equal THEN A B Properties are equal A and B are interconnectable Folie 36
37 Preconditions - Interworkable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 37
38 Preconditions - Interworkable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 38
39 Preconditions - Interworkable How to guarantee the preconditions? AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhabfairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 39
40 Preconditions - Interworkable Component A in network 1 Component B in Network 2 Folie 40
41 Preconditions - Interworkable Component A in network 1 Component B in Network 2 All crossing information arrows between both components are part of the network interface Folie 41
42 Preconditions - Interworkable temperature In general unsigned long (integer) temperature for HVAC signed long (integer) 2 Byte -274 C ,5 C 0,1 C 0 C 2 Byte -273,17 C ,66 C 0,01 C -10 C 100 C Component A in network Component B in Network 2 All crossing information arrows between both components are part of the network interface? Different data structures on both sides of the interface Folie 42
43 Preconditions - Interworkable temperature In general unsigned long (integer) temperature for HVAC signed long (integer) 2 Byte -274 C ,5 C 0,1 C 0 C 2 Byte -273,17 C ,66 C 0,01 C -10 C 100 C Component A in network Gateway Component B in Network 2 All crossing information arrows between both components are part of the network interface Transformation of different data structures by the gateway Folie 43
44 Preconditions - Interworkable How to guarantee the preconditions? AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhabfairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 44
45 Semantics Folie 45
46 Preconditions - Interoperable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 46
47 Same Basic Semantics temperature In general unsigned long (integer) 2 Byte -274 C ,5 C 0,1 C 0 C 2740 Gateway temperature for HVAC signed long (integer) 2 Byte -273,17 C ,66 C 0,01 C -10 C 100 C In the last example this precondition was fulfilled: Same basic semantics (temperature) on both sides transformation by a gateway is possible Folie 47
48 Different Basic Semantics I el. current [in Ampere] P el. power [in Watt] Gateway In this example the precondition is NOT fulfilled: Different basic semantics (current, power) on both sides transformation by a gateway is impossible Folie 48
49 Different Basic Sem. But Knowledge I el. current [in Ampere] U el. voltage [in Volt] Gateway application knowledge: P = I * U P el. power [in Watt] In this example the precondition is NOT fulfilled: Different basic semantics (current, power, voltage) on both sides transformation by a gateway is impossible But semantic transformation by application background knowledge is possible Folie 49
50 Different Basic Sem. & Insufficient Knowledge? P el.power [in Watt] Gateway I el. current [in Ampere] U el. voltage [in Volt] In this example the precondition is NOT fulfilled: Different basic semantics (current, power, voltage) on both sides transformation by a gateway is impossible missing application background knowledge semantic transformation is impossible Folie 50
51 Preconditions - Interoperable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 51
52 Same Basic Sem. Different Application Sem. T [ o C] temperature (burner) T [ o C] temperature (outdoor) T [ o C] temperature (boiler) T [ o C] temperature (room) Gateway T [ o C] temperature (return pipe) T [ o C] temperature (chiller) T [ o C] temperature (supply) All information of same basic semantics type (temperature [ o C], But coming from different locations different application semantics transformation by a gateway is impossible Folie 52
53 Preconditions - Interoperable Preconditions - what must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics eq Knowledge Design Lay. 7 Basic Semantics Information Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 53
54 Preconditions - Interoperable How to guarantee the preconditions? AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhabfairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 54
55 Semantic Interoperability by Semantic Design Folie 55
56 Semantic Design Design of abstract application concept schema of semantic information flow Abstract: Neglect implementation (HW, SW, data structures) Neglect deployment into components Neglect platforms (software, network protocols, interfaces) Neglect vendor dependency Folie 56
57 Semantic Design designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 57
58 Semantic Design designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) semantic standards VDI3813, 3814 re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 58
59 Semantic Design designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) semantic standards VDI3813, 3814 re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 59
60 Semantic Design designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) semantic standards VDI3813, 3814 re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 60
61 Semantic Puzzle designs realised by assembles P S consultant (for client) room concepts (flow schemas) system integrator building system design (and re-use) component design (and prefabrication) semantic standards VDI3813, 3814 re-used by search & comparison of digital twins fabricates described by stored in H vendor component digital twin component catalogue Folie 61
62 Semantic Puzzle search & comparison of digital twins Folie 62
63 Semantic Puzzle search & comparison of digital twins Folie 63
64 Semantic Puzzle search & comparison of digital twins Folie 64
65 Semantic Puzzle Search & comparison of digital twins in the catalogue: It s like a puzzle! Millions of combinations (exponential complexity) Folie 65
66 Semantic Puzzle Search & comparison of digital twins in the catalogue: It s like a puzzle! Millions of combinations (exponential complexity) Needs long time to find a solution Sometimes impossible to find a solution Cost Quality Folie 66
67 Interoperable Re-Use without Semantic Puzzle? Folie 67
68 Unified Products Yes, we can avoid semantic puzzle, if we use: Only a few concepts Unified products (e.g. from one vendor only) Yes, if we give up variety / diversity: Only a few concepts sufficient? One solution fits all clients? Folie 68
69 Unified Products Yes, we can avoid semantic puzzle, if we use: Only a few concepts Unified products (e.g. from one vendor only) Yes, if we give up variety / diversity: Only a few concepts sufficient? One solution fits all clients? magic conflict Cost Quality Folie 69
70 Unified Products Yes, we can avoid semantic puzzle, if we use: Only a few concepts Unified products (e.g. from one vendor only) Yes, if we give up variety / diversity: Only a few concepts sufficient? One solution fits all clients? Variety High variety: with puzzle magic triangle Cost Quality Low variety: without puzzle Folie 70
71 Plug & Play? Folie 71
72 Plug & Play What must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamic Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics Lay. 7 Basic Semantics eq Knowledge Information Commissioning Design Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 72
73 Plug & Play Dynamic behavior: Parameters for signal filters, parameters for controller tuning, timeout constants, sampling rates etc. Depend on real process, plant, location, environment Defined during installation, commissioning, operation Prefabrication is impossible All parameters (dynamic behavior) get lost during maintenance (component change) So far Plug & Play is impossible (a buzzword only)! Folie 73
74 Plug & Play What must be equal? Compatible Interconnectable Interworkable Interoperable Interchangeable Guarantee by... Dynamics Behavior Lay. 8 Applic. Semantics Lay. 7 Basic Semantics eq Knowledge Information Commissioning Design Lay. 7 Data Structures Layer 3-6 Data Transformation Layer 1-2 Signal Standardisation Folie 74
75 Schedule Today Next Presentations Today Folie 75
76 Schedule Today Now and in the afternoon we have presentations as follows: AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhabfairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 76
77 Schedule Today Now and in the afternoon we have presentations as follows: AUTERAS Layer 1-8 Interoperable by design (discovery, selection, composition) Niagara MBS openhab fairhair Layer 1-7 Interworkable by transformation (middleware) LON BACnet KNX ZigBee Layer 1-6 Interconnectable by standardisation (conformance test & certification) Folie 77
78 Discussion Later Collaboration Platform DesignServiceFlow is open for all interested Partners: Whole buildings and their digital twins (BIM / IFC) Y Pos V_SET Stellantriebsaktor V_STA Pos PAR_CAL Construction IFC ISO HVAC VDI 3805 ISO Hardware ecl@ss IEC / ISO Software VDI 3813/14/12 {ISO 16484} Prefabricated components: from electronic catalogues Folie 78
79 Questions? www: Collaboration Platform: Tool: Folie 79
80 Folie 80
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