INTEROPERABILITY OF STATISTICAL DATA AND METADATA AMONG BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS USING THE SDMX STANDARD. Submitted by IBGE, Brazil 1
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1 SDMX GLOBAL CONFERENCE 2009 INTEROPERABILITY OF STATISTICAL DATA AND METADATA AMONG BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS USING THE SDMX STANDARD Submitted by IBGE, Brazil 1 Abstract Since 1990, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) has been developing private metadata systems to provide an effective data administration and to enable the planning and design of the surveys and censuses, supporting most of the production processes. Nowadays the Brazilian government has been defining a metadata standards policy to allow the data interoperability in order to exchange data and metadata produced by official institutes at national and international level. In this scope, the IBGE started to restructure the metadata system to use standards like the Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange (SDMX) for statistics metadata and ISO for geospatial metadata. This paper presents the proposed new architecture to disseminate statistical data through institutional web applications and web services. It also shows how the metadata system will be mapped under this new approach. At the end a prototype implementation for 2010 Demographic Census is shown. 1. STATISTICAL CONTEXT OF IBGE S METADATA The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is the national agency of Brazil responsible for statistical and geography surveys. In order to allow researchers and society to access the developed works in an organized and safe way, the great amount of statistical data at IBGE must be described. In the beginning of the 1990 s, IBGE developed an initial version of the Metadata System, basically concerned with helping the task of administration of micro data files delivered to the Database Department, usually at the end of a statistical job. With the progress of information technology since then, and at the same time with users demands having been changing considerably, that system has evolved to the present version, so called MetaBD (abbreviation in Portuguese for Meta-Database) [Palermo2006]. The MetaBD Project is in continuous evolution, due to user s new demands and to changes in the information technology infrastructure. The MetaBD Project allows an effective data administration and enables the planning and design of the surveys and censuses, supporting most of the production processes (capture, editing, imputation, tabulation and dissemination) on a centralized basis. MetaBD is actively integrated to other institutional ad hoc data processing and dissemination systems. It describes both micro and aggregate data, and enables access to the official statistical publications of IBGE. Quality indicators for statistical products and processes are stored according to 1 Prepared by Andréia Fernandes da Silva, andreia.silva@ibge.gov.br ; Helena Serrão Piccinini, helena.piccinini@ibge.gov.br ; Luigino Ítalo Palermo, luigino.palermo@ibge.gov.br
2 the recommendations contained in the Program of Statistical Cooperation for the European Union and Mercosul and Chile [Bianchini2004]. Besides the statistical metadata, the MetaBD also incorporates geographical and cartographic descriptions, supporting different technical areas. Regarding geographical metadata, the standard evolved from former Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) towards ISO19115, from which a profile has been derived. The metadata, described according to these standards, are disseminated through web applications, following the Interoperability of Electronic Government Standards (e-ping) architecture which enables interoperability in the context of e-government. The e-ping comprises a minimum set of assumptions, policies and technical specifications which define the use of information technology and communication among several governmental instances and society as a whole. The IBGE also begins to adopt policies for statistical data dissemination using SDMX to follow standards for the exchange of statistical information. In addition to that, the institution has just started the Statistical Data and Metadata Project. The first dissemination in SDMX will be the aggregate data for 2010 Demographic Census using an aggregate database system called SIDRA OVERVIEW OF THE SIDRA SYSTEM The main IBGE system for online queries of aggregate data, available in the official IBGE homepage ( is the Aggregate Database System (SIDRA) [Figueredo2005]. The descriptions of the institutional aggregate datasets can be handled by the MetaBD System. SIDRA System uses those aggregate data descriptions, keeping MetaBD active also during the dissemination phase. More recently, this interaction between the MetaBD and SIDRA Systems leaded to the development of the SIDRA-TABULA System [Hanono2005] for generation and publication of tabular plan s tables of a survey, in a standard way, considerably reducing the time spent on tabulation process. Figure 1 - Integration between SIDRA and MetaBD database 2 Abbreviation for Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática (IBGE System for Automatic Retrieval) 2
3 Figure 1 illustrates the communication between both systems, which allows the integration of the aggregate data production process with its dissemination process. 3. MAPPING THE METADATA SYSTEM TO SDMX The conceptual data model of Aggregate Metadata in MetaBD System was conceived after several meetings between researchers and database experts of IBGE, and its macro aspects can be seen in figure 2. IBGE SURVEY SURVEY OCCURRENCE AGGREGATE DATA VARIABLE AGGREGATE DATA OCCURRENCE GEOGRAPHIC LEVEL CODE LIST GEOGRAPHIC UNIT CODE LIST VERSION VARIABLE CODE VALUE Figure 2 - Aggregate Metadata in MetaBD - Main Entities The main concepts used in the SIDRA System are extracted from the MetaBD System as model shown in Figure 2. These concepts are described below: Theme: each one of the main themes that involves common research areas. It is an attribute of the IBGE SURVEY entity. Example: the population theme comprises similar surveys such as the Population Census (CD) and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Survey: a collection of quantitative information about several themes. Example: Demographic Census (CD) and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). 3
4 Aggregate data occurrence (table) - tabular array, which is the SIDRA inquiry unit. Each table is identified by a unique number. Variable: describes the data type in the table. One table can have more than one variable. Example: resident population, households. Unit of measurement - units in which the aggregate values are stored. It is an attribute of the VARIABLE entity. As an example of unit is inhabitants in the population table. Code List - used to categorize a variable. Example: sex and dwelling conditions. Variable Code Value - each one of the possible values of a variable. For example, the sex code could be F for female or M for male. Time time unit. It is an attribute of the SURVEY OCCURRENCE entity. Example: month and year. Geographic level - each one of the different territorial divisions. Example: geographical region, state and municipalities. Geographic unit - each one of the components of a geographic level. As an example of the geographic level state can be Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Aggregate metadata are extracted from the MetaBD through the SIDRA Web Application in the table s generation process. Those metadata are used in the template creation for each table dynamically generated. The table s cells values are taken from the SIDRA database. The SDMX-ML format for this project will be what is so called in SDMX as the Generic data format 3 and will be generated for each SIDRA table. The structural metadata will be expressed as an SDMX Data Structure Definition 4 which will be available to each survey from IBGE SIDRA System. This Data Structure Definition will be created using the MetaBD database. This architecture is presented in the next topic. 4. STATISTICAL DATA DISSEMINATE ARCHITECTURE Following a Brazilian government determination, the IBGE started the Statistical Data and Metadata Interoperability Project which aims to make the MetaBD System able to support such interoperability. The goal is to manage to disseminate aggregate data and their respective metadata schemes, using the SDMX standard, through web services on the institution web sites and in federal government catalogs. In that way, this project comes out for the e-ping initiative, in which the IBGE is participating. Figure 3 below shows the architecture that will be used in this project, first implemented by means of a prototype. 3 SDMX-ML format (Generic data format) - is designed for exchange of data across domain boundaries, because systems which deal with many different key families need only understand the one, Generic schema which is used with all data, regardless of the key family. The Generic format can transmit whole or partial data sets, and can be used for incremental updates. Data and documentation can be exchanged separately [GREGORY2005]. 4 SDMX Data Structure Definition - specifies a set of concepts, which describe and identify a set of data. It tells which concepts are dimensions (identification and description) and which are attributes (just description), and it gives the attachment level for each of these concepts on the basis of the packaging structure (dataset, group, series or observation), as well as their status (mandatory or conditional). It also specifies which code lists provide possible values for the dimensions and gives possible values for the attributes, either as code lists or free text fields [GREGORY2005]. 4
5 Figure 3 IBGE s Statistical Data and Metadata Exchanging Architecture In MetaBD System, the metadata of aggregate data are manually loaded during the tabulation mechanism of a particular survey. After the metadata loading, the SDMX Data Structure is generated for the current survey and stored in the MetaBD database. At the same time, the SIDRA System, through its web application, extracts metadata from MetaBD database in order to create the user table template which is dynamically generated. The table cells values are taken from the SIDRA database. The prototype was inserted into the SIDRA System on its web application. In the prototype, the generation of the SDMX-ML Data File can be executed after the creation of the chosen user table. Data and metadata from the created SIDRA table is used for the generation of SDMX-ML Data File. The respective SDMX Data Structure is generated from survey information stored in the MetaBD database. Finally, the interoperability between computers will be done through web services that will be available on the agencies web servers. These web services will also access MetaBD and SIDRA databases. 5. PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION FOR 2010 DEMOGRAPHIC CENSUS The goal of prototype implementation was to study the workability of the Statistics Data and Metadata Interoperability Project. Initially it will make the aggregate data of 2010 Demographic Census available in SDMX standard. This priority occurred because of the significance of this survey for the Brazilian society at this time. The tested data were those of the last census, namely the 2000 Demographic Census. 5
6 For the prototype implementation, a preliminary study about SDMX standards was done based on the papers available in the SDMX web site [SUNDGREN2006], [GREGORY2005], [OECD], [SDMX]. The next step was to choose one SIDRA table with a flexible structure. This table should have a template which the metadata can be part of the columns or rows of the header. This set of metadata was translated into English, since the MetaBD database has metadata attributes that store names and texts in three languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish. This concern comes from our institution s guideline that will provide the SIDRA System also in English. The MetaBD database model was adapted to store the SDMX Data Structure Definition. Both MetaBD and SIDRA databases use Oracle Database Management System (DBMS) which allows the storage of columns in XML format. A metadata extractor program was developed for the SDMX Data Structure Definition generation. This program will be started after the survey data loading procedure. Specifically for this prototype, the 2000 Demographic Census was chosen. Finally, the SIDRA Web Application was modified to include the new feature that provides the aggregate data and its metadata interoperability using SDMX standard. The SDMX-ML Data File - using Generic data format - was generated through the data and metadata recovered from the published table. The SDMX Data Structure Definition was built according to the selected survey. Figure 4 shows a sequence of screens of the SIDRA System interface which contains the functionality that will allow users to extract data and metadata in SDMX standard. Figure 4 SIDRA Interface In the first screen of the figure, the survey (Demographic Census) and aggregate variable (population) have already been selected earlier and a table can be selected from the available list. In 6
7 this case, "Table 202" was selected. This table has the resident population variable, sex and dwelling situation classifications. On the next screen, the user can choose the unit of measurement in which the aggregate table is represented. He also can choose the code list classification for the table qualify rankings, geographic level, geographic unit and survey year. The button SDMX has the functionality that generates the SDMX-ML Data File. 6. CONCLUSIONS The goal of this study was to check out the workability of interoperability policy for data and metadata statistics produced by IBGE, following the Brazilian government recommendation for using an international standard. As the SIDRA System uses actively the metadata stored in MetaBD, the use of the SDMX standard can be very promising. The challenge to disseminate the collection of IBGE s statistical aggregate data and metadata, using the SDMX, is the generation of SDMX Data Structure Definition for all Institution s surveys. On the other hand, the use of SDMX standard for exchanging information among others IBGE systems, which do not use the metadata from MetaBD database, should follow a different architecture, otherwise those systems must use actively the MetaBD database. The next steps should be a deep study about SDMX using ISO/TS (International Organization for Standardization/Technical Specification) and SDMX standard translation into Portuguese. In addition, web services should be developed and published in federal government catalogs. IBGE acknowledges the importance of SDMX standard as a valuable way to improve the statistical information exchanging process, and supports the strategic interest in using SDMX, but it is necessary that sponsoring organizations provide technical assistance. REFERENCES [Bianchini2004] Bianchini, Z.M. & Albieri, S. - A prototype of the Quality Indicators System at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. European Conference on Quality and Methodology in Official Statistics, Mainz, Germany, [Figueredo2005] Figueredo, L.A.G.A. & Masello, J. - SIDRA - Banco de Dados Agregados - Arquivo de Dados Agregados - Definição e Carga (SIDRA - Aggregate Database - Definition and Loading). Technical Note 01/05, Diretoria de Informática, IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, [GREGORY2005] Gregory, A., SDMX Basics An Introduction to the Use of ISO/TS SDMX Technical Standards Version 1.0, Available in [Hanono2005] Hanono, R.M Figueredo, L.A.G.A. and Masello, J. - Processo de Tabulação SIDRA- Tabula (SIDRA-Tabula Tabulation Process). Technical Note 02/05, Diretoria de Informática, IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, [Palermo2006] Palermo, L.I., The Statistical and Geoscientific IBGE s Metadata System, Work Session on Statistical Metadata (METIS), Geneva, Switzerland, [SUNDGREN2006] Sundgren, B., Androvitsaneas, C., Thygesen, L. Towards and SDMX User Guide: Exchange of Statistical Data and Metadata between Different Systems, National and 7
8 International, OECD Expert Group on Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange, Geneva, Switzerland, [OECD] OECD - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, available in [SDMX] SDMX - Statistical Data and Metadata exchange, available in 8
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