What Really Sets Apart Exadata from the Rest

Transcription

1 1 What Really Sets Apart Exadata from the Rest Presented By: Zahid Anwar, Principal Oracle DBA Consultant 3 rd December 2018 Company Classification: Public

2 A bit about myself Principal Oracle DBA Consultant (14+ years experience) An Oracle Certified Master An Oracle Ace 10g, 11g and 12c Oracle Certified Expert RAC and Grid Infrastructure Exadata and ODA Specialist Follow me on: facebook.zeddba.com (page) twitter.zeddba.com LinkedIn.ZedDBA.com 2

3 Version 1 at a Glance 100M 86M EMPLOYEES IN UK AND IRELAND 400+ CUSTOMERS 98% CUSTOMER RETENTION #1 ORACLE PARTNER Voted by UK OUG users 6 UK ACQUISITIONS 20 YEARS PROVING VALUE OF I.T. 3 LEADING TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS Top 10 WORKPLACES IN EUROPE 3

4 Trusted to Deliver Customer Success 4

5 What Really Sets Apart Exadata from the Rest 5

6 Oracle Secret Sauce? 6

7 No! Just simply 7

8 Brawn Hardware with Smart Software 8

9 Brawn Hardware - Latest Version Previous Models: V1, V2, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 Latest Exadata Machine is the X7: Exadata X7-2 Exadata X7-8 9

10 Brawn Hardware - Servers Based on Oracle (Sun) x86 Servers (# denotes the version): Oracle Server X#-2-2 socket server (1U form factor) Oracle Server X#-2L - 2 socket server (2U form factor) Oracle Server X#-8-8 socket server (5U form factor) Oracle Server X#-2/8 are used as DB servers (compute nodes) Oracle Server X#-2L are used as storage servers (storage cells) 10

11 Brawn Hardware - Network Unified InfiniBand Network used for: Storage Network RAC Interconnect External Connectivity (optional) High Performance, Low Latency Network: 80 Gb/s bandwidth per link (40 Gb/s each direction) Zero-copy Zero-loss Datagram Protocol (ZDP RDSv3) SAN-like Efficiency (Zero copy, buffer reservation) Linux Open Source, Low CPU overhead (Transfer 3 GB/s with 2% CPU usage) 11

12 Brawn Hardware - Rack Key: I Storage Servers (Storage Cells) I Database Servers (Compute Nodes) I 2x 36-port (QDR) 40Gb InfiniBand Switches Internal Connectivity I 10Gb or 25Gb Ethernet External Connectivity Also 2x redundant Power Distribution Units (PDUs) 12

13 Brawn Hardware - DB Server Exadata X7: Uses the 24-core Xeon 8160 processors (2.1 GHz) The latest and most powerful Intel Xeon processor at release Exadata X7-2 has 48 cores, 96 threads with Hyper Threading per server Default 384 GB RAM expandable to 1.5 TB Exadata X7-8 has 192 cores, 384 threads with Hyper Threading per server Default 3 TB RAM expandable to 6 TB 13

14 Brawn Hardware - Storage Server Exadata X7-2L: Uses the 10-core Xeon 4114 processors (2.2 GHz) The most powerful Intel Xeon not required at this layer Has 20 cores, 40 threads with Hyper Threading per server 192 GB RAM Comes in 2 models: High Capacity 12x 10 TB 7,200 RPM SAS disks (raw capacity 120 TB per server) 4x 6.4 TB NVMe PCIe 3.0 flash cards (raw capacity 25.6 TB per server) Extreme Flash 8x 6.4 TB NVMe PCIe 3.0 flash cards (raw capacity 51.2 TB per server) 14

15 Brawn Hardware - Extreme Flash Ultra-high performance by placing the flash directly on the high speed PCI bus rather than behind slow disk controllers Uses state-of-the-art NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) flash to achieve extremely low latency and CPU overhead Combination of scale-out storage, InfiniBand networking and PCI flash delivers extremely high performance rates 15

16 Brawn Hardware - Highly Resilient No single point of failure 2x Power Distribution Units (PDUs) for rack level power Each database server, storage server, InfiniBand switch, Cisco has redundant hotswap power supplies Disk drives and fans are hot-swap RAC provides protection against database server failures ASM provides protection against disk and storage server failures InfiniBand network highly redundant Can tolerate loss of entire switch or connections without affecting performance 16

17 Brawn Hardware - X7-2 Server Hardware 17

18 Brawn Hardware - X7-2 Typical Rack Config 18

19 Brawn Hardware - X7-2 Elastic Config 19

20 Brawn Hardware - X7-2 Performance 20

21 Brawn Hardware - X7-2 vs X7-8 The Exadata Database Machine X7-8 excels at high-end online transaction processing (OLTP), multi-rack Data Warehouses, and In-Memory Database workloads It is ideally suited for applications that desire large scale-up servers with large memory capacity 21

22 Brawn Hardware - X7-8 Server Hardware 22

23 Brawn Hardware - X7-8 Performance 23

24 Brawn Hardware - Scale Exadata Storage Expansion Rack: 4 to 18 X7-2L storage cells Added online Multi-rack: Connect up to 18 Exadata Database Machine or Exadata Storage Expansion Racks Connected online 24

25 Hardware is not unique to Exadata It s the integration of hardware and software that sets apart Exadata from the rest 25

26 Smart Software - Smart Scan With the advancement of flash the bottleneck has moved to the shifting of data from storage to the database server to be processed i.e. network Smart Scan offload the scanning to the storage layer Freeing resources at database server, utilising resources at storage i.e. 1Tb table Full Table Scan with predicate of just 10% of rows can be scanned at storage layer in matter of seconds and just send the blocks with the rows to the database server for final filtering Typically 10x reduction in data sent to database server Also includes join filtering 26

27 Smart Software - Storage Index Maintain summary information about table data in memory on the Storage Cell: Store MIN and MAX values of columns Typically one index entry for every MB of disk This allows for elimination of disk I/O if the MIN and MAX can never match the predicate i.e. min 5, max 9, where num <4 Completely automatic and transparent Where Indexes help you find data, storage indexes help you filter data Works with Smart Scan and <, <=, =,!=, >=, >, IS [NOT] NULL Works like buffer_cache, volatile and is populated when data is read 27

28 Smart Software - HCC Hybrid Columnar Compression Data is organised by columns instead of rows Dramatically improving compression Two modes: Query Mode for Optimised Speed 10X compression typical Archival Mode for Optimised Space infrequently accessed data 15X to 50X compression typical 28

29 Smart Software - Smart Flash Cache Only applicable to High Capacity Model Automatically caches frequently accessed data while keeping infrequently accessed data on disk Provides the performance of flash with the capacity and low cost of disk Uniquely understands database workloads and knows when to avoid caching data that the database will rarely access or is too big to fit in the cache i.e. backups, large table scans or temporary results that will be quickly deleted Common hit rates over 95% or even 99% in real-world database workloads even though flash capacity is more than 4 times smaller than disk capacity 29

30 Smart Software - Smart Flash Cache Write Back Flash Cache: Caches database block writes Eliminates disk bottlenecks Transparent, persistent and fully redundant Write Through Flash Cache: Writes straight to disk More Smart Flash Cache available as doesn t require redundancy 30

31 Smart Software - Smart Flash Cache Smart Flash Logging: Unique algorithm to ensure low latency of database log writes Writes to both Flash and Disk but acknowledgement given as soon as either completes, thus improving response time and throughput Not permanent but a temporary store to provide fast response times by storing redo until it s safely written to disk 31

32 Smart Software - IORM I/O Resource Management: Disk bandwidth is a critical resource One query can utilise a high percentage of disk bandwidth Multiple concurrent parallel queries can result in heavy disk loads IORM allows allocation of sufficient I/O bandwidth to critical databases Allowing for excess I/O bandwidth to be allocated to lower priority databases This can be further allocated within a database Critical I/O is automatically prioritised, i.e. instance recovery, LGWR, control file, etc 32

33 Smart Software - Mission Critical High Availability Instant Detection of Compute and Storage Server Failures: Non-Exadata platforms, the detection of a server failure requires waiting for a long timeout, leading to extended application brownouts Exadata leverages InfiniBand integration to very quickly determine a server failure if not reachable through any network path and immediately start node eviction This can completed within 2 seconds leading to virtually no application brownout 33

34 Smart Software - Mission Critical High Availability I/O Latency Capping: Disk and flash can occasionally experience very long latency due to internal recovery of failed sectors, internal firmware reboots or wear levelling These can cause stalls in mission critical OLTP databases However on Exadata, the Exadata System software automatically redirects read I/O to an ASM mirrored copy of the data when latency is much longer then expected High latency write I/O are also automatically redirected to a healthy disk/flash, eliminating write outliers 34

35 Engineered System - Reliability For Fast and Reliable Deployment Pre-configured, pre-tuned and pre-tested by Oracle Experts: Eliminating weeks and months of effort Extensive end to end testing ensures all component work seamlessly together and there are no performance bottlenecks or single point of failure 35

36 Engineered System - Supportability All Exadata Machines are identically configured Customers benefit from experience of thousands of other users that have deployed Exadata Much easier for Oracle Support to identify and resolve problems Machines used by Oracle: For development and testing of Oracle Database To implement its own SaaS and PaaS public cloud 36

37 Engineered System - Supportability Patching: patchmgr used to patch Compute Nodes, Storage Cells and InfiniBand Includes O/S, firmware, Exadata software, etc. GI and RDBMS patching as normal Oracle Platinum Services: 24/7 remote fault monitoring Priority handling and resolution Up to 4 times a year remote Exadata patching No additional cost One vendor for full stack 37

38 Capacity-on-Demand Software Licensing RDBMS, RAC, Partitioning, Diagnostics and Tuning Packs, etc still license as per normal Allows for a number of cores per database server to be turned off during the hardware installation Leaving at least 14 cores enabled As workload grows and more cores are needed, re-enable 2 cores at a time online 38

39 Real Life Examples We have procedures that were taking days that are now down to hours and jobs taking hours that are now down to minutes. The Exadata has allows ICBF the ability to move from quarterly publications of national evaluations to weekly. Karl O Connell CIO at ICBF Some Examples: Our AI Season Prep used to take 1hr 14min 35sec and now takes 0hr 1min 1sec Evaluation used to take 13 days and now takes 4 hours No code change or compression Hybrid Columnar Compression: 8x compression (Query Mode) for genetics data with 2-3x speed improvement Smart Flash Cache Ratio: 98% 39

40 Hardware Cost in US Dollars Price as of May

41 Software Cost in US Dollars Price as of May

42 Exadata in the Cloud Oracle Exadata On Premises: Customer s data centre Purchased (CapEx) Customer managed Oracle Exadata Cloud Service: Oracle s data centre Subscription (OpEx) Minimum of: 1 month (Metered) and 12 months (Non-Metered) Oracle managed Oracle Exadata Cloud at Customer: Customer s data centre Subscription (OpEx) Minimum of 4 years Oracle managed 42

43 Oracle Database Appliance (ODA) Simple, Optimised, Affordable Part of the Engineered System Family Small to Medium Enterprise Where as Exadata is for Large Enterprise Models available are: Oracle Database Appliance X7-2S Oracle Database Appliance X7-2M Oracle Database Appliance X7-2HA 43

44 Oracle Database Appliance (ODA) 44

45 ODA Cost in US Dollars Price as of May

46 References Oracle x86 Servers: Exadata: ODA: Exadata X7-2 Data Sheet: Exadata X7-8 Data Sheet: Engineered Systems Price List: Exadata in the Oracle Cloud Pricing: 46

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