origin destination duration New York London 415 Shanghai Paris 760 Istanbul Tokyo 700 New York Paris 435 Moscow Paris 245 Lima New York 455
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1 CS50 Beyond
2 Databases
3 origin destination duration New York London 415 Shanghai Paris 760 Istanbul Tokyo 700 New York Paris 435 Moscow Paris 245 Lima New York 455
4 SQL
5 SQL Databases MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite...
6 Data Types INTEGER DECIMAL SERIAL VARCHAR TIMESTAMP BOOLEAN ENUM...
7 CREATE TABLE
8 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
9 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
10 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
11 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
12 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
13 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
14 CREATE TABLE flights ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, origin VARCHAR NOT NULL, destination VARCHAR NOT NULL, duration INTEGER NOT NULL );
15 Constraints NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT CHECK...
16 INSERT
17 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
18 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
19 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
20 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
21 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
22 INSERT INTO flights (origin, destination, duration) VALUES ('New York', 'London', 415);
23 SELECT
24 SELECT * FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
25 SELECT * FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
26 SELECT origin, destination FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
27 SELECT origin, destination FROM flights; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
28 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id = 3; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
29 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id = 3; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
30 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin = 'New York'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
31 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin = 'New York'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
32 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
33 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
34 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' AND duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
35 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' AND duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
36 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' OR duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
37 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Paris' OR duration > 500; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
38 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin IN ('New York', 'Lima'); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
39 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin IN ('New York', 'Lima'); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
40 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin LIKE '%a%'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
41 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE origin LIKE '%a%'; id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
42 Functions SUM COUNT MIN MAX AVG...
43 UPDATE
44 UPDATE flights SET duration = 430 WHERE origin = 'New York' AND destination = 'London';
45 DELETE
46 DELETE FROM flights WHERE destination = 'Tokyo';
47 Other Clauses LIMIT ORDER BY GROUP BY HAVING...
48 Foreign Keys
49 flights id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
50 flights id origin origin_code destination destination_code duration 1 New York JFK London LHR Shanghai PVG Paris CDG Istanbul IST Tokyo NRT New York JFK Paris CDG Moscow SVO Paris CDG Lima LIM New York JFK 455
51 locations id code name 1 JFK New York 2 PVG Shanghai 3 IST Istanbul 4 LHR London 5 SVO Moscow 6 LIM Lima 7 CDG Paris 8 NRT Tokyo
52 flights id origin_id destination_id duration
53 passengers id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6
54 JOIN
55 Types of JOINs JOIN / INNER JOIN LEFT OUTER JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN FULL OUTER JOIN
56 CREATE INDEX
57 Nested Queries
58 flights id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
59 passengers id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6
60 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
61 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 6 Frank 6 7 Grace 6
62 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; id name flight_id 1 Alice 1 2 Bob 1 3 Charlie 2 4 Dave 2 5 Erin 4 flight_id Frank 6 7 Grace 6
63 SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1; flight_id 1 2 6
64 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); flight_id 1 2 6
65 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris 435 flight_id Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
66 SELECT * FROM flights WHERE id IN (SELECT flight_id FROM passengers GROUP BY flight_id HAVING COUNT(*) > 1); id origin destination duration 1 New York London Shanghai Paris Istanbul Tokyo New York Paris 435 flight_id Moscow Paris Lima New York 455
67 SQL Injection
68 Username: Password:
69 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);
70 Username: alice Password: 12345
71 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);
72 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = 'alice') AND (password = '12345');
73 Username: hacker Password: 1' OR '1' = '1
74 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = username) AND (password = password);
75 SELECT * FROM users WHERE (username = 'hacker') AND (password = '1' OR '1' = '1');
76 Race Conditions
77 Race Conditions Bank Account $100
78 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; $100
79 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 $100
80 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 UPDATE bank $100 SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100
81 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 UPDATE bank $0 SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100
82 Race Conditions Bank Account $100
83 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; $100
84 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; 100 $100
85 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; $100
86 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; $
87 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $ $100
88 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $0 100 $100
89 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100 $0 100 UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100
90 Race Conditions SELECT balance FROM bank Bank Account WHERE user_id = 1; SELECT balance FROM bank 100 WHERE user_id = 1; UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100 -$ UPDATE bank SET balance = balance WHERE user_id = 1; $100
91 SQL Transactions BEGIN COMMIT
92 SQLAlchemy
93 Morning Project Create a database on Heroku. Decide on a database schema and create tables: one for authors and one for books. Write a Python program to import data into the database. Write a Python program that queries the database for a book by its (partial) title or author.
94 CS50 Beyond
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