Chapter 3 Introduction to relational databases and MySQL

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1 Chapter 3 Introduction to relational databases and MySQL Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 1

2 Objectives Applied 1. Use phpmyadmin to review the data and structure of the tables in a database, to import and run SQL scripts that create databases, and to create users with limited privileges. 2. Code simple SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, and use phpmyadmin to run them. Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 2

3 Objectives (continued) Knowledge 1. Describe the structure of a database table. 2. Describe how the tables in a relational database are related using these terms: primary key and foreign key. 3. Identify the three types of relationships that can exist between two tables. 4. Describe the way the columns in a table are defined using these terms: data type, NULL value, default value, and auto-increment column. 5. Describe the use of SELECT statements, including the use of inner joins. 6. Describe the use of INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. 7. Describe the way the creation of users and the assignment of privileges affect how a MySQL database can be used. Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 3

4 A products table Primary key Columns Rows Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 4

5 The relationship between two tables in a database Primary key Foreign key Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 5

6 Terms foreign key one-to-many relationship one-to-one relationship many-to-many relationship Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 6

7 The columns of the products table Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 7

8 MySQL Numeric Data Types from INT - You can specify a width of up to 11 digits. FLOAT(M,D) - A floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. You can define the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D). This is not required and will default to 10,2, where 2 is the number of decimals and 10 is the total number of digits (including decimals). Decimal precision can go to 24 places for a FLOAT. DOUBLE(M,D) - A double precision floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. You can define the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D). This is not required and will default to 16,4, where 4 is the number of decimals. Decimal precision can go to 53 places for a DOUBLE. REAL is a synonym for DOUBLE. DECIMAL(M,D) - An unpacked floating-point number that cannot be unsigned. In unpacked decimals, each decimal corresponds to one byte. Defining the display length (M) and the number of decimals (D) is required. NUMERIC is a synonym for DECIMAL. 8

9 MySQL String Data Types from CHAR(M) - A fixed-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length (for example CHAR(5)), right-padded with spaces to the specified length when stored. Defining a length is not required, but the default is 1. VARCHAR(M) - A variable-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length; for example VARCHAR(25). You must define a length when creating a VARCHAR field. BLOB or TEXT - A field with a maximum length of characters. BLOBs are "Binary Large Objects" and are used to store large amounts of binary data, such as images or other types of files. Fields defined as TEXT also hold large amounts of data; the difference between the two is that sorts and comparisons on stored data are case sensitive on BLOBs and are not case sensitive in TEXT fields. You do not specify a length with BLOB or TEXT. ENUM - An enumeration, which is a fancy term for list. When defining an ENUM, you are creating a list of items from which the value must be selected (or it can be NULL). For example, if you wanted your field to contain "A" or "B" or "C", you would define your ENUM as ENUM ('A', 'B', 'C') and only those values (or NULL) could ever populate that field. 9

10 MySQL Date & Time Data Types from DATE - A date in YYYY-MM-DD format, between and For example, December 30th, 1973 would be stored as DATETIME - A date and time combination in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format, between :00:00 and :59:59. For example, 3:30 in the afternoon on December 30th, 1973 would be stored as :30:00. TIMESTAMP - A timestamp between midnight, January 1, 1970 and sometime in This looks like the previous DATETIME format, only without the hyphens between numbers; 3:30 in the afternoon on December 30th, 1973 would be stored as ( YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ). TIME - Stores the time in HH:MM:SS format. YEAR(M) - Stores a year in 2-digit or 4-digit format. If the length is specified as 2 (for example YEAR(2)), YEAR can be 1970 to 2069 (70 to 69). If the length is specified as 4, YEAR can be 1901 to The default length is 4. 10

11 The SELECT statement syntax for all columns SELECT * FROM table-1 [WHERE selection-criteria] [ORDER BY column-1 [ASC DESC] [, column-2 [ASC DESC]...] ] A SELECT statement that gets all columns SELECT * FROM products WHERE categoryid = 2 The result table Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 11

12 The syntax for selected columns SELECT column-1 [, column-2]... FROM table-1 [WHERE selection-criteria] [ORDER BY column-1 [ASC DESC] [, column-2 [ASC DESC]...] ] A statement that gets selected columns and rows SELECT productname, listprice FROM products WHERE listprice < 500 ORDER BY listprice ASC The result table Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 12

13 A statement that gets data from two related tables SELECT categoryname, productname, listprice FROM categories INNER JOIN products ON categories.categoryid = products.categoryid WHERE listprice > 800 ORDER BY listprice ASC The result table Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 13

14 The syntax for the INSERT statement INSERT INTO table-name [(column-list)] VALUES (value-list) A statement that adds one row to a table INSERT INTO products (categoryid, productcode, productname, listprice) VALUES (1, 'tele', 'Fender Telecaster', ) A statement that uses the MySQL NOW function to get the current date INSERT INTO orders (customerid, orderdate) VALUES (1, NOW()) Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 14

15 The syntax for the UPDATE statement UPDATE table-name SET expression-1 [, expression-2]... WHERE selection-criteria A statement that updates a column in one row UPDATE products SET productname = 'Ludwig 5-Piece Kit with Zildjian Cymbals' WHERE productcode = 'ludwig' A statement that updates multiple rows UPDATE products SET listprice = 299 WHERE categoryid = 1 Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 15

16 The syntax for the DELETE statement DELETE FROM table-name WHERE selection-criteria A statement that deletes one row from a table DELETE FROM products WHERE productid = 1 A statement that deletes multiple rows DELETE FROM products WHERE listprice > 200 Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 16

17 A command-line client Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 17

18 A web-based client Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 18

19 The Welcome page Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 19

20 The Home and Logout buttons at the top of the sidebar on most pages Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 20

21 How to change your password Click the Home button (the house icon). Then, click the Change Password link. On the Change Password page, enter and re-enter your new password, and click the Go button. Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 21

22 Running a SQL script that creates a database Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 22

23 A success message after importing a SQL script Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 23

24 How to import and run a SQL script 1. Click the Import tab, go to the File to Import section, click the Browse button, and select the file that contains the script. 2. Click the Go button. This runs the script that s in the file. Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 24

25 The Structure tab for the my_guitar_shop 1 database Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 25

26 The Browse tab for the categories table Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 26

27 The SQL tab with a statement ready to run Murach's PHP and MySQL, C3 2014, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. Slide 27

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