Persistence Performance Tips

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1 Persistence Performance Tips Dan Bunker

2 Training Overview Persistence Performance Overview Database Performance Tips JPA Performance Tips Spring JDBC Performance Tips Other Tips

3 Prerequisites Java 6+, IDE and DB client Class Provided Pet Store App and DB Seed Previous Experience with Spring JDBC and JPA Part 1, 2 and 3 Spring Training Introduction to JPA Training Database Development 1 & 2 Previous Oracle Experience and RDBM s Understanding of Maven

4 Performance Problems Poor data and data structure design ORM s Reporting Poorly configured connections and database Latency and bottlenecking

5 Trade Off Considerations

6 Trade Off Considerations Reads

7 Trade Off Considerations Reads Paging Memory Footprint

8 Trade Off Considerations Reads Paging Memory Footprint Data Consolidation Normalization

9 Trade Off Considerations Reads Paging Memory Footprint Data Consolidation Normalization Models 2D-Arrays

10 (cont.)

11 (cont.) Writes

12 (cont.) Writes Graph Writes SQL Cascade Complexity

13 (cont.) Writes Graph Writes SQL Cascade Complexity ORM Batching Footprint and Performance

14 (cont.) Writes Graph Writes SQL Cascade Complexity ORM Batching Footprint and Performance Validation FK s and Constraints

15 Thought Scenario

16 Thought Scenario Urban Pop. ~ 3.5 Million Pers./Sq Mile ~ 7250

17 Thought Scenario Urban Pop. ~ 3.5 Million Pers./Sq Mile ~ 7250 Urban Pop. ~ 8.4 Million Pers./Sq Mile ~ 27550

18 Thought Scenario Urban Pop. ~ 3.5 Million Urban Pop. ~ 8.4 Million Pers./Sq Mile ~ 7250 Pers./Sq Mile ~ Which city is more performant? Which city has the best throughput?

19 Improving Database Performance In Depth

20 Planning to Plan Explain Plan shows table scans and index usage shows join plans and performance cost Oracle uses a shared temporary table for plans Output only shows when in same session as explain

21 Planning to Plan Explain Plan shows table scans and index usage shows join plans and performance cost Oracle uses a shared temporary table for plans Output only shows when in same session as explain explain plan into sys.plan_table$ for select id, name from animal; select * from table(dbms_xlpan.display( sys.plan_table$ ));

22 Explain Output

23 Compound Join Output

24 Optimizer Statistics Database details help the optimizer choose the best explain plan by looking at: Table Statistics (# rows, #blocks, ave. row length) Column Statistics (distinct values, nulls, distribution) Index Statistics (# of leafs, levels, clustering) System Statistics (I/O and CPU performance)

25 Performance Improvement #1 Create and Maintain Appropriate Indexes

26 Indexes

27 Indexes Data Structure

28 Indexes Data Structure Copy or Subset of the Table

29 Indexes Data Structure Copy or Subset of the Table Improves Data Retrieval

30 Indexes Data Structure Slows down writes Copy or Subset of the Table Improves Data Retrieval

31 Indexes Data Structure Slows down writes Copy or Subset of the Table Consumes more storage space Improves Data Retrieval

32 Indexes Data Structure Slows down writes Copy or Subset of the Table Consumes more storage space Improves Data Retrieval Easy to add

33 Which Columns to Index?

34 Which Columns to Index? Columns frequently used in where clauses

35 Which Columns to Index? Columns frequently used in where clauses Columns used for table joins (i.e. FK s)

36 Which Columns to Index? Columns frequently used in where clauses Columns used for table joins (i.e. FK s) Add indexes judiciously on heavily modified cols.

37 Which Columns to Index? Columns frequently used in where clauses Columns used for table joins (i.e. FK s) Add indexes judiciously on heavily modified cols. Columns with high selectivity (i.e. High percentage of rows with the same value)

38 Checking Indexes

39 Checking Indexes select c.index_name, c.table_name, c.column_name, i.uniqueness, i.index_type from SYS.ALL_INDEXES i join SYS.ALL_IND_COLUMNS c on i.index_name = c.index_name where i.table_name = 'ANIMAL'

40 Checking Indexes select c.index_name, c.table_name, c.column_name, i.uniqueness, i.index_type from SYS.ALL_INDEXES i join SYS.ALL_IND_COLUMNS c on i.index_name = c.index_name where i.table_name = 'ANIMAL' INDEX_NAME TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME UNIQUENESS INDEX_TYPE SYS_C ANIMAL ID NONUNIQUE NORMAL Elapsed Time: 0 hr, 0 min, 0 sec, 2 ms.

41 Lab 1 Analyze Query and Recommend Index

42 Assignment Given the following SQL Statement: select * from Animal a join Animal_Country ac on a.id = ac.animal_id join Country c on ac.country_id = c.id where c.name like 'Un%'; Run explain plan, analyze output and determine if adding a column index to any tables may be beneficial

43 Assignment Notes select * from table(dbms_xplan.display('sys.plan_table$')); Query to display current indexes for a given table Query to display explain plan output select c.index_name, c.table_name, c.column_name, i.uniqueness, i.index_type from SYS.ALL_INDEXES i join SYS.ALL_IND_COLUMNS c on i.index_name = c.index_name where i.table_name = 'ANIMAL'

44 Solution 1 Analyze Query and Recommend Index

45 Adding Indexes Add indexes as needed with a db migration

46 Adding Indexes Add indexes as needed with a db migration CREATE INDEX ac_animal_id_fk_ind ON animal_country(animal_id) TABLESPACE users STORAGE (INITIAL 20K NEXT 20k PCTINCREASE 75);

47 Improving JPA Performance In Depth

48 Common JPA Issues Eager Loading vs. Lazy Loading Displaying data from 2 or more table relations in 1 view N+1 Queries Persistence Context lifecycle

49 Pet Store Admin View

50 Pet Store Admin View

51 What Really Happens

52 What Really Happens

53 How to solve this Create a PetDto constructor that doesn t initialize the classifications Create a Projection Query with a DTO Utilize JPA fetches Other ways we ll get to in a bit

54 Performance Improvement #2 Use JPA Fetches

55 Join Fetch Loads the primary entity and an associated entity in 1 query Entity models get hydrated appropriately JPAQL only First place to look when solving N+1 problem

56 Join Fetch Syntax Add fetch keyword to JPAQL joins If the association is not present in the JPAQL statement you can add it simply for the fetch

57 Join Fetch Syntax Add fetch keyword to JPAQL joins If the association is not present in the JPAQL statement you can add it simply for the fetch SELECT o FROM Order o WHERE (o.status) =?1 ORDER BY o.id

58 Join Fetch Syntax Add fetch keyword to JPAQL joins If the association is not present in the JPAQL statement you can add it simply for the fetch SELECT o FROM Order o WHERE (o.status) =?1 ORDER BY o.id SELECT o FROM Order o JOIN FETCH o.orderdetails d WHERE (o.status) =?1 ORDER BY o.id

59 Lab 2 Fix N+1 Query Problem

60 Assignment Fix the Pet Store Admin search by removing the classification N+1 queries Hint: A blank search calls the AnimalRepository.findAnimalsWithName(String name) method

61 Assignment Fix the Pet Store Admin search by removing the classification N+1 queries Hint: A blank search calls the AnimalRepository.findAnimalsWithName(String name) method SELECT a FROM Animal a WHERE UPPER(a.name) LIKE upper(?1) ORDER BY a.name

62 Solution #2 Fix N+1 Query Problem

63 Fetch Notes Setting the FetchType on an annotation won t fix N+1 issues JOIN FETCH becomes problematic with Hibernate provider when fetching multiple associations Weigh the performance cost of the N+1 queries vs. the cost of the join query

64 Performance Improvement #3 Projection Queries

65 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier Persistence Tier

66 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User JpaRepository User

67 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User User User User JpaRepository User

68 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User User User User JpaRepository User UserDTO

69 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User User User UserDTO UserDTO UserDTO User JpaRepository UserDTO User

70 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User User User UserDTO UserDTO UserDTO User JpaRepository UserDTO User UserDTO UserDTO UserDTO

71 Data Packet Scenarios View Tier User User User UserDTO UserDTO UserDTO User JpaRepository UserDTO User User JSON UserDTO UserDTO UserDTO

72 Projection Queries

73 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO

74 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO Natively supported by JPAQL

75 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO Natively supported by JPAQL Criteria Queries support but more verbose

76 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO Doesn t always solve N+1 problem Natively supported by JPAQL Criteria Queries support but more verbose

77 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO Doesn t always solve N+1 problem Natively supported by JPAQL No compile time checking creating possible runtime issues when refactoring Criteria Queries support but more verbose

78 Projection Queries Custom Select values to hydrate a DTO Doesn t always solve N+1 problem Natively supported by JPAQL No compile time checking creating possible runtime issues when refactoring Criteria Queries support but more verbose Severs persistence context association preventing unwanted graph follows

79 Projection Syntax Create DTO constructor to match your needs Instantiate DTO in select clause

80 Projection Syntax Create DTO constructor to match your needs Instantiate DTO in select new org.lds.stack.petstore.admin.model.petdto(a.id, a.name, a.description, a.price) FROM Animal a WHERE UPPER(a.name) LIKE upper(?1) ORDER BY a.name")

81 Lab 3 Add Pet Search Using Projection Queries

82 Assignment Add a PetDto constructor to take id, name, description, and price Add a Projection Query to AnimalRepsitory Change PetManagerFacadeImpl.searchForPetsBy to use the new projection query

83 Assignment Add a PetDto constructor to take id, name, description, and price Add a Projection Query to AnimalRepsitory Change PetManagerFacadeImpl.searchForPetsBy to use the new projection query SELECT new org.lds.stack.petstore.admin.model.petdto(a.id, a.name, a.description, a.price) FROM...

84 Solution #3 Add Pet Search Using Projection Queries

85 Projection Query Notes Can get messy when passing in many constructor parameters DTO is another class that needs to be created and maintained besides the entity model Similar strategy to Spring JDBC but utilizes JPAQL instead of SQL

86 Improving Spring JDBC Performance In Depth

87 Spring JDBC Issues Poorly written SQL statements DTO s and domain holder objects are too flat Relationship management is verbose

88 Spring JDBC Issues Poorly written SQL statements DTO s and domain holder objects are too flat Relationship management is verbose Other issues that the stack has addressed Connection Pooling Transactions and Statement Caching

89 JDBC Performance Most problems will be in your SQL

90 JDBC Performance Most problems will be in your SQL Batch deletes and updates

91 JDBC Performance Most problems will be in your SQL Batch deletes and updates Manage cache of commonly read data

92 JDBC Performance Most problems will be in your SQL Tweak the fetchsize when dealing with large amounts of data Batch deletes and updates Manage cache of commonly read data

93 Performance Improvement #4 Set Fetch Size

94 JDBC Fetch Size Determines how many results to pull at a time in the ResultSet (cursor)

95 JDBC Fetch Size Determines how many results to pull at a time in the ResultSet (cursor) JdbcTemplate defaults to 0

96 JDBC Fetch Size Determines how many results to pull at a time in the ResultSet (cursor) JdbcTemplate defaults to 0 Trade off of performance vs. memory

97 JDBC Fetch Size Determines how many results to pull at a time in the ResultSet (cursor) Oracle Driver has generally defaulted to 10 but can vary JdbcTemplate defaults to 0 Trade off of performance vs. memory

98 JDBC Fetch Size Determines how many results to pull at a time in the ResultSet (cursor) Oracle Driver has generally defaulted to 10 but can vary JdbcTemplate defaults to 0 Trade off of performance vs. memory Poorly set Fetch Sizes can make queries last 2 to 4 times longer

99 Code Snippet

100 Code Snippet public List<Example> findbyname(string name) { } jdbctemplate.setfetchsize(100); List<Example> examples = jdbctemplate.query("select * " + " from EXAMPLE where EXAMPLE_NAME like?", new ExampleRowMapper(), name); jdbctemplate.setfetchsize(0); return examples;

101 Other Performance Solutions In Depth

102 Last Resorts

103 Last Resorts Caching

104 Last Resorts Caching Views

105 Last Resorts Caching Views De-normalization

106 Last Resorts Caching JPA: Native SQL Views De-normalization

107 Last Resorts Caching JPA: Native SQL Views JPA: Manually manage associations De-normalization

108 Last Resorts Caching JPA: Native SQL Views JPA: Manually manage associations De-normalization Stored Procedures

109 Caching

110 Caching Utilize stack cache module Don t use 2nd level caching (JPA) Don t use for highly volatile data Think about memory footprint

111 Caching Utilize stack cache module Don t use 2nd level caching (JPA) Don t use for highly volatile data Think about memory footprint For large amounts of data caching or large data sets look at using a caching server

112 Views

113 Views Table A Table B Table C

114 Views Table A Table B View ABC Table C

115 Views Table A Table B View ABC Table

116 View Pitfalls

117 View Pitfalls Altering your persistence architecture Some limitations with SQL on views View caches vs updates (materialized views versus standard views) De-normalization can lead to duplicate record sets in the view typically forcing a where clause on all queries using that view

118 Note on SQL select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(10) */ * from Animal a join Animal_Country ac on a.id = ac.animal_id join Country c on ac.country_id = c.id where c.name like 'Un%';

119 Note on SQL Utilize the explain plan to see how joins are being executed Provide SQL Hints to help the optimizer select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(10) */ * from Animal a join Animal_Country ac on a.id = ac.animal_id join Country c on ac.country_id = c.id where c.name like 'Un%';

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