A HELPFUL GUIDE TO WRITING METADATA - THE INFORMATION YOU NEED
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1 A HELPFUL GUIDE TO WRITING METADATA - THE INFORMATION YOU NEED SECTION 1: IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Originator What organization developed the database? Publication Date The date the data was published or made available or complete for use. This most likely will NOT be the same as the date the data was collected or processed. Use the Year/Month/Day (YYYY/MM/DD) format. A very detailed & descriptive title is best - you want to know just what the database is by reading the title. Think of it as a journal article title. This usually means a long title, complete with a date of data relevance, a publication date, an area of study, what the data is, etc. Please refer to the handout "How to Write a Gory ". Issue Identification What version of database is this? This can be indicated as "1.0", "1.2", "1.2.1", "1.b", etc. Give the user (and yourself) an idea of whether it is the first/original version or an updated/edited version. Online Linkage Use if the data is available on-line and you want others to access it that way. This could mean it is in a folder on Joe's PC, on your agency's central server in a directory, or available on an intranet or the internet. If it's on a computer and you want the user to be able to find it there, this is the place to document its location. Larger Work Citation Use if this data set is part of a larger work. Repeat the information above for the larger work. Abstract Like a journal article abstract, make this section as clear as possible as to what the data set is all about. What kinds of things might the database contain? What year? Is there a specific geographic region it covers? Does it have a spatial resolution or mapping scale? Is it for a specific disease, project, or demographic? Purpose Why was this database created? Was it created in conjunction with another study? How can it or how should it be used? Are there any limitations to the data? Supplemental Information Could discuss how this is a relational database, other related files, if this is an on-going study, if this study received special funding that deserves recognition, or any other information that is not covered elsewhere in the format that you think should be known. Time Period of Data Content What is the relevant date of the data? You can use one of the following: Single Date/Time Multiple Dates/Times Range of Dates/Times Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 1
2 Status Is the database complete? In progress? Maintenance and Update Frequency Are there any planned updates to the database? Spatial Domain What is the geographic area or spatial extent that this data set covers? The geographic west, east, north, and south bounding coordinates (latitude/longitude, in decimal degrees). Keywords Think of it as a search index at a library. Include: Theme (mandatory) Place (optional, but recommended) Stratum (optional - refers to the vertical location of data set, i.e., lake bed, ground surface, troposphere) Temporal (optional - time reference) Access Constraints Are there any constraints as to who may have access to this database? Is it sensitive information? Is it available to the public? It is OK to say that no one except certain staff have access. Use Constraints Are there any constraints as to how this database may be used? Can it be re-distributed? Does it require a proper citation if used in another study or publication? Provide the exact wording you want to see if the database is cited by someone. Point of Contact Who is knowledgeable about the database and should be contacted with questions? Organization Name Address Phone Number FAX Number Address Data Set Credit Are there people who should be recognized for their work on the data set? Native Data Set Environment What software was used to develop the database and in what format does it reside (i.e., Arc/Info 7.2)? Cross Reference Information about other related data sets that may be of interest. Follow Citation Information format. SECTION 2 - DATA QUALITY INFORMATION Attribute Accuracy How accurate is the data? Has it been verified or checked against some other data or information? Was quality control performed? You can use either a qualitative or quantitative description of the accuracy. Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 2
3 Logical Consistency Report This section describes "the fidelity of relationships encoded in the data structure of the digital spatial data. The report shall detail the tests performed and the results of the tests." Here's what it really means: Did you test for valid values? If so, what did you do & what were the results? Did you check to see if the graphic data made sense, such as: do lines intersect where they should? are any lines entered twice? are all areas completely described? are there any overshoots or undershoots (incomplete lines/polys or dangles)? are any polygons too small or any lines too close? Did you perform any topological tests? Did an automated procedure verify: all chains intersect at nodes cycles of chains and nodes are consistent around polygons. inner rings embed consistently in enclosing polygons Completeness Report How complete is the data set and the attributes within it? Provide information about omissions, selection criteria, generalization, definitions, and other rules used to derive the data set. Are there any geometric thresholds such as minimum area or width? Positional Accuracy Descriptions of positional accuracy shall consider the quality of the final product after all transformations. Measures of positional accuracy may be obtained by: - a deductive statement based on knowledge of errors in each production step & error propagation. - internal evidence - FGDC procedures to test repeated measurement and redundancy - comparison to a source - inspecting check plots Horizontal Positional Accuracy - an estimate of accuracy of the horizontal positions of the spatial objects, to include an explanation of the accuracy of the horizontal coordinate measurements and a description of the tests used. You may also provide a quantitative measurement of the accuracy. Vertical Positional Accuracy - an estimate of accuracy of the vertical positions of the spatial objects, to include an explanation of the accuracy of the vertical coordinate measurements and a description of the tests used. You may also provide a quantitative measurement of the accuracy. Lineage Source Citation - ancillary data sources used for data collection or processing. Think of this as the bibliography/references at the end of a research paper. Required items include: Originator Publication Date/Time Edition Data Presentation Form Series Information (if applicable) - name, identification Publication Information (if applicable) - place, publisher Other Citation Details (if applicable) On-line Linkage (optional) Larger Work Citation (if applicable; repeat the elements above) Process Steps - how was the data collected & how was this file created? What types of analysis were performed in creating the data? Was any ancillary data source used for the step? What were the input and output data sets for each step? Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 3
4 Process Date - what is the data of each process step, i.e., when was the data collected; when was the data entered, analyzed? Process Contact - who is knowledgeable about the process steps? Who performed the process steps/data entry? SECTION 3 - SPATIAL DATA ORGANIZATION INFORMATION Indirect Spatial Reference A way to describe a location of the data set without using coordinates. Direct Spatial Reference The types of objects used to represent space in the data set (point, vector, raster) Point and Vector Object Information OR Raster Object Information The types and number of vector, point, or raster objects in the data set. SECTION 4 - SPATIAL REFERENCE INFORMATION Horizontal Coordinate System Definition This section contains information about the coordinate system and can use geographic information; map projection information; grid coordinate system information, local planar information, and planar coordinate information. Vertical Coordinate System Definition This section is applicable if you have vertical data, and includes either altitude or depth information. SECTION 5 - ENTITY ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION Entity and Attribute Overview - Includes a definition of the variables and a data dictionary to describe what type variable it is and the possible values of each variable (and if the value is a code, lists the code set) Data Dictionary: Draft Illinois GAP Analysis Project & Illinois Interagency Landscape Classification Project's 1999 Land Cover Classification for Northeastern Illinois, Landsat TM Path 23 Row 31, December 2000 Source: Illinois GAP Analysis Project, Illinois Natural History Survey, Illinois State Geological Survey, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service Format: Data stored in ESRI's ARC/INFO GRID version 7.2 Feature Types Maintained: raster digital data Raster Attribute Label Attribute Definition Attribute Format < wdth type VALUE primary GRID raster cell value 10 B COUNT number of cells with a particular VALUE 10 B COVERTYPE_CODE Numerical code for COVERTYPE_NAME 12 B Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 4
5 COVERTYPE_NAME land cover name 64 C NVCS_CODE NVCS Code for land cover classification 72 C NVCS_NAME NVCS name, corresponding to NVCS Code 72 C VALUE Attribute Definition: VALUE identifies the primary GRID raster cell value, the most basic attribute of a GRID file, and corresponds directly to COVERTYPE_CODE. As with COVERTYPE_CODE, VALUE is a code scheme developed by the Illinois Natural History Survey and Illinois GAP Analysis Project (IL-GAP) to describe land cover types. The VALUE and COVERTYPE_CODE values correspond to COVERTYPE_NAME descriptions. Attribute Definition Source: Please refer to COVERTYPE_NAME Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: Please refer to COVERTYPE_CODE and COVERTYPE_NAME below. COVERTYPE_CODE Attribute Definition: COVERTYPE_CODE is a code scheme developed by the Illinois Natural History Survey and Illinois GAP Analysis Project (IL-GAP) to code COVERTYPE_NAME, which describes land cover types. It includes agricultural categories developed by NASS, TNC vegetation alliance categories, and IDNR natural communities. Attribute Definition Source: multiple; please refer to these sources for complete definitions: White, John. November Illinois Natural Areas Inventory Technical Report, Volume 1: Survey Methods and Results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory (INAI), Urbana. Drake, Jim & Don Faber-Langendoen. May An Alliance Level Classification of the Vegetation of the Midwestern United States. The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Illinois GAP Analysis Project (IL-GAP).2000.Internal classification scheme and corresponding codes for Land cover categories in Illinois. Unpublished. National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) Agricultural & land use categories. Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: COVERTYPE_CODE COVERTYPE_NAME NVCS_CODE "0" No data value -- "10" Urban Forest 1B2Cc "11" High Density Urban 7C4Cb "12" Medium Density Urban 7C4Cb "13" Low Density Urban 7C4Cb "19" Undifferentiated Urban Mix 7C4Cb "31" Row Crop/Rural Grass 5D2Cb "33" Agriculture - Mixed Uses 5D2Cb "35" Agriculture - Corn 5D2Cb "36" Agriculture - Small Grains 5D2Ca Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 5
6 "37" Agriculture - Soybeans 5D2Cb "39" Agriculture - Winter Wheat 5D2Ca "41" Urban Grasses 5A5Cb "44" Rural Grasses 5A5Ca "71" Mesic Forest 1B2Na "72" Savanna/Mesic-Dry Mesic Forest 2B2Na "73" Mesic/Dry-Mesic Forest 1B2Na "74" Dry-Mesic Forest 1B2Na "76" Dry Savanna 2B2Na "120" Open Water WATER "131" Shallow Marsh Emergent Wetland 5B2Nd "132" Deep Marsh Emergent Wetland 5B2Ne "140" Non-Swamp Forested Wetland 1B2Nd "146" Wet Floodplain Forest 1B2Nd "161" Temporarily Flooded Shallow Water Wetland 5B2Nh "162" Seasonally Flooded Floodplain Emergent Wetland 5B2Nh "165" Mixed Wetlands 5B2Nh "170" Barren and Exposed Land - Development Areas 7C4Cb "172" Barren and Exposed land - Undeveloped/Abandoned 7C4Cb COVERTYPE_NAME Attribute Definition: Please refer to COVERTYPE_CODE above Attribute Definition Source: Please refer to COVERTYPE_CODE above Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: Please refer to COVERTYPE_CODE above NVCS_CODE Attribute Definition: NVCS_CODE was developed as a scientific key chart and corresponds with NVCS_NAME. Please refer to NVCS_NAME below. Attribute Definition Source: Please refer to NVCS_NAME below. Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: Please refer to NVCS_NAME below. NVCS_NAME Attribute Definition: NVCS_NAME was developed as a nationwide classification system for vegetation cover and Land cover. Attribute Definition Source: Federal Geographic Data Committee - Vegetation Subcommittee, FGDC-STD-005, National Vegetation Classification Standard, June 1997 Attribute Domain Values and Definitions: VALUE NVCS_NAME NVCS_CODE 10 LANDSCAPED URBAN/SUBURBAN/RURAL (residential, yards, nurseries) 1B2Cc 11 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb 12 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb 13 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb 19 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb 31 ANNUAL ROW CROP FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Cb 33 ANNUAL ROW CROP FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Cb 35 ANNUAL ROW CROP FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Cb 36 ANNUAL CLOSE-GROWN FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Ca 37 ANNUAL ROW CROP FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Cb 39 ANNUAL CLOSE-GROWN FORBS AND GRASSES 5D2Ca 41 LANDSCAPED URBAN/SUBURBAN/RURAL (residential, yards, nurseries) 5A5Cb Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 6
7 44 PERENNIAL GRASS CROPS (hayland, pastureland) 5A5Ca 71 LOWLAND / SUBMONTANE COLD-DECIDUOUS CLOSED TREE CANOPY 1B2Na 72 LOWLAND / SUBMONTANE COLD-DECIDUOUS OPEN TREE CANOPY 2B2Na 73 LOWLAND / SUBMONTANE COLD-DECIDUOUS CLOSED TREE CANOPY 1B2Na 74 LOWLAND / SUBMONTANE COLD-DECIDUOUS CLOSED TREE CANOPY 1B2Na 76 LOWLAND / SUBMONTANE COLD-DECIDUOUS OPEN TREE CANOPY 2B2Na 120 WATER WATER 131 TEMPORARILY FLOODED TEMPERATE PERENNIAL FORB VEG. 5B2Nd 132 SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED TEMPERATE PERENNIAL FORB VEG. 5B2Ne 140 TEMPORARILY FLOODED COLD-DECIDUOUS CLOSED TREE CANOPY 1B2Nd 146 TEMPORARILY FLOODED COLD-DECIDUOUS CLOSED TREE CANOPY 1B2Nd 161 SEASONALLY FLOODED TEMPERATE PERENNIAL FORB VEGETATION 5B2Nh 162 SEASONALLY FLOODED TEMPERATE PERENNIAL FORB VEGETATION 5B2Nh 165 SEASONALLY FLOODED TEMPERATE PERENNIAL FORB VEGETATION 5B2Nh 170 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb 172 NON-AGRICULTURE DISTURBED AREAS 7C4Cb SECTION 6 - DISTRIBUTION Contact Information Whom should be contacted in order to obtain the data? Are there any specific instructions? Organization Name Address Phone Number FAX Number Address Distribution Liability A statement of the liability assumed by the Distributor. A legal-like section, usually denying liability if the data are incorrect, incomplete, or misused. Standard Order Process How can someone obtain the data? Digital Form/Non-Digital Form - What is the format of the distributed product - paper, digital? What type of media does it come on - paper, CD-ROM, etc? Fees - What will it cost someone to obtain the data? Ordering Instructions - who do you contact to order the data and how (call, write, , ftp, etc?) Technical Prerequisites - Is there a specific software or specific format that one needs to have in order to view or use the data (i.e., Arc/Info, ArcView, GRID, MapInfo, Erdas, ASCII)? SECTION 7: METADATA REFERENCE INFORMATION Metadata Date The date the metadata is written/completed. This might be a range date that it was started & completed; it might be 5 years after the data set is completed or published (but let's hope not). Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 7
8 Metadata Contact Information Who wrote & is responsible for the metadata? Organization Name Address Phone Number FAX Number Address Metadata Standard Name & Version What official metadata standard was used for writing the metadata? Your agency's own format? The FGDC Standard would be referenced as: Metadata Standard Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata Standard Version: FGDC-STD Metadata Workshops, July 31, 2001 page 8
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