The Advantages of PostgreSQL

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1 The Advantages of PostgreSQL BRUCE MOMJIAN POSTGRESQL offers companies many advantages that can help their businesses thrive. Creative Commons Attribution License Last updated: January, / 43

2 Introduction Why use databases? Why use open-source? PostgreSQL history PostgreSQL in the real world 2 / 43

3 Why use databases? 3 / 43

4 Non-SQL Database Applications Application Customer Order Part Customer Order Part Customer Order Part Customer Order Part 4 / 43

5 SQL Database Applications Application SQL Server Customer Order Part Customer Order Part Customer Order Part Customer Order Part 5 / 43

6 Database Transaction Protection (ACID) Multiple changes either all take place, or none of them Data always in a consistent state In-process changes invisible to outside users Data reliably stored High level of concurrency and reliability 6 / 43

7 Why use Open Source Software? 7 / 43

8 Closed-Source Software Black Box Func(...) Data VWOJVC 8 / 43

Open-Source Software Clear Box Func(...) 987234 Data.

9 Open-Source Software Clear Box Func(...) Data... VWOJVC 9 / 43

10 Support of Close-Source Software Support Database Company 10 / 43

11 Support of Open-Source Software Support Source Code Support EnterpriseDB Support Mailing Lists 11 / 43

12 The Future of Open Source Open Source Features Performance Reliability Close Source Time 12 / 43

13 PostgreSQL License Use for any purpose, including sale of customized versions with your closed-source modifications. PostgreSQL supports custom: Functions Operators Data Types 13 / 43

14 PostgreSQL History 14 / 43

15 The University of California at Berkeley 15 / 43

16 Postgres Postgres95 Michael Stonebraker Jolly Chen and Andrew Yu 16 / 43

17 PostgreSQL Code Base History Ingres research prototype, spawned Relational Technologies, purchased by Computer Associates Postgres research prototype, spawned Illustra, purchased by Informix Postgres95 added SQL, spawned PostgreSQL 17 / 43

18 PostgreSQL Through the Years Ingres Postgres Postgres PostgreSQL 18 / 43

19 Developer s Globe 19 / 43

20 PostgreSQL Core Team Top row: Thomas Lockhart, Jan Wieck, Tom Lane, Marc Fournier Bottom row: Vadim Mikheev, Bruce Momjian 20 / 43

21 Release Dates and Sizes Date Release Lines of code , , , , , , , , , ??-?? / 43

22 PostgreSQL Releases Release 1.02 Date: Initial release by PostgreSQL Global Development Team Apply all outstanding patches. 22 / 43

23 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 1.09 Date: Fixes for server and command failures. 23 / 43

24 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 6.0 Date: Unique indexes GIST added Improved authentication IN/BETWEEN added 24 / 43

25 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 6.1 Date: New data types: DATETIME, TIMESPAN, CIRCLE GEQO Improved optimizer statistics Libpq++ overhauled Multi-column btree indexes new SET/SHOW/RESET commands New SEQUENCE feature 25 / 43

26 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 6.2 Date: New Java JDBC driver Triggers added Server Programming Interface (SPI) added NOT NULL constraint DEFAULT and CONSTRAINT added ANSI functions added for DATE/TIME and PRECISION 26 / 43

27 Release 6.3 Date: Subselcts PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Unix domain socket support for performance Improved user password configuration Much improved documentation Separate permissions for VIEWs PRIMARY KEY support PL/TCL procedural language added UNION added Python added ECPG added New ODBC driver Pgaccess added 27 / 43

28 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 6.4 Date: Improved RULEs and VIEWs PL/PgSQL added Multi-byte character support Internet address data types HAVING added 28 / 43

29 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 6.5 Date: MVCC Live backups NUMERIC data type Temporary tables CASE INTERSECT EXCEPT LIMIT/OFFSET SELECT FOR UPDATE Optimizer overhaul 29 / 43

30 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 7.0 Date: Foreign keys More optimizer improvements ANSI JOIN syntax PL/Perl Oracle compatibility functions 30 / 43

31 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 7.1 Date: Write-ahead Log (WAL) TOAST Outer Joins Overhauled function manager 31 / 43

32 PostgreSQL Releases (Continued) Release 7.2 Date: ?? Non-locking VACUUM Fix for Transaction id / OID wraparound Security fixes Optimizer improvements Error message internationalization 32 / 43

33 Internals Flowchart Main Postmaster Libpq Postgres Postgres Parse Statement utility Traffic Cop Query SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Rewrite Query Utility Command e.g. CREATE TABLE, COPY Generate Paths Optimal Path Generate Plan Plan Execute Plan Utilities Catalog Storage Managers Access Methods Nodes / Lists 33 / 43

34 Performance - AS3AP 34 / 43

35 Performance - TPC-C 35 / 43

36 PostgreSQL in the Real World 36 / 43

37 Database Migration Oracle IBM s DB2 Microsoft-SQL Microsoft Access Informix Interbase Dbase/FoxPro MySQL 37 / 43

38 Database Languages C C++ Embedded C Java Perl Python Tcl/Tk Php Odbc 38 / 43

39 PostgreSQL Platforms AIX BeOS BSD/OS FreeBSD HP-UX IRIX Linux MacOS NetBSD OpenBSD SCO UnixWare Solaris SunOS Tru64 Windows NT/ / 43

40 PostgreSQL Usage Order Entry, Inventory, Billing Customer Relations Management (CRM) Data warehouse, data analysis Medical/Hospital Records Storage Genetics Financial Accounting, Banking, Payroll Military Government, Social services, Elections Education Publishing Geography (GIS) Hotel Reservations, Restaurants Telephone billing, call tracking Helpdesk problem report tracking Sales Tracking Business to business commerce 40 / 43

41 PostgreSQL Web Site Usage Product purchase User preferences Job listings Auctions Real Estate listings Community building Dynamic content Text indexing 41 / 43

42 Future Directions 42 / 43

43 Conclusion 43 / 43

PostgreSQL: Introduction and Concepts

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