THE DESCRIPTION LOGIC HANDBOOK: Theory, implementation, and applications

Transcription

1 THE DESCRIPTION LOGIC HANDBOOK: Theory, implementation, and applications Edited by Franz Baader Deborah L. McGuinness Daniele Nardi Peter F. Patel-Schneider

2

3 Contents List of contributors page 1 1 An Introduction to Description Logics D. Nardi, R. J. Brachman Introduction From networks to Description Logics Knowledge representation in Description Logics From theory to practice: Description Logics systems Applications developed with Description Logics systems Extensions of Description Logics Relationship to other fields of Computer Science Conclusion 43 Part one: Theory 45 2 Basic Description Logics F. Baader, W. Nutt Introduction Definition of the basic formalism Reasoning algorithms Language extensions 95 3 Complexity of Reasoning F. M. Donini Introduction OR-branching: finding a model AND-branching: finding a clash Combining sources of complexity Reasoning in the presence of axioms Undecidability Reasoning about individuals in ABoxes Discussion A list of complexity results for subsumption and satisfiability 138 iii

4 iv Contents 4 Relationships with other Formalisms U. Sattler, D. Calvanese, R. Molitor AI knowledge representation formalisms Logical formalisms Database models Expressive Description Logics D. Calvanese, G. De Giacomo Introduction Correspondence between Description Logics and Propositional Dynamic Logics Functional restrictions Qualified number restrictions Objects Fixpoint constructs Relations of arbitrary arity Finite model reasoning Undecidability results Extensions to Description Logics F. Baader, R. Küsters, F. Wolter Introduction Language extensions Non-standard inference problems 257 Part two: Implementation From Description Logic Provers to Knowledge Representation Systems D. L. McGuinness, P. F. Patel-Schneider Introduction Basic access Advanced application access Advanced human access Other technical concerns Public relations concerns Summary Description Logics Systems R. Möller, V. Haarslev New light through old windows? The first generation Second generation Description Logics systems The next generation: Fact, Dlp and Racer Lessons learned 310

5 Contents v 9 Implementation and Optimisation Techniques I. Horrocks Introduction Preliminaries Subsumption testing algorithms Theory versus practice Optimisation techniques Discussion 354 Part three: Applications Conceptual Modeling with Description Logics A. Borgida, R. J. Brachman Background Elementary Description Logics modeling Individuals in the world Concepts Subconcepts Modeling relationships Modeling ontological aspects of relationships A conceptual modeling methodology The ABox: modeling specific states of the world Conclusions Software Engineering C. Welty Introduction Background Lassie CodeBase CSIS and CBMS Configuration D. L. McGuinness Introduction Configuration description and requirements The Prose and Questar family of configurators Summary Medical Informatics A. Rector Background and history Example applications Technical issues in medical ontologies Ontological issues in medical ontologies Architectures: terminology servers, views, and change management Discussion: key lessons from medical ontologies 435

6 vi Contents 14 Digital Libraries and Web-Based Information Systems I. Horrocks, D. L. McGuinness, C. Welty Background and history Enabling the Semantic Web: DAML OIL and DAML+OIL Summary Natural Language Processing E. Franconi Introduction Semantic interpretation Reasoning with the logical form Knowledge-based natural language generation Description Logics for Data Bases A. Borgida, M. Lenzerini, R. Rosati Introduction Data models and Description Logics Description Logics and database querying Data integration Conclusions Description Logic Terminology F. Baader 495 A1.1 Notational conventions 495 A1.2 Syntax and semantics of common Description Logics 496 A1.3 Additional constructors 501 A1.4 A note on the naming scheme for Description Logics 504