A Multicriteria Approach in the Selection of a SAP UI Technology
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1 A Multicriteria Approach in the Selection of a SAP UI Technology A.D. Berdie, M. Osaci, N. Budişan Abstract The selection of a web technology in realizing a project is a complex and important decision for small and medium enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient model, using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method as a basis and applying the SuperDecisions software, which makes it possible to evaluate the performance of web applications implemented in three SAP UI (user interfaces) technologies: WD (Web Dynpro) ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), FPM (Floorplan Manager) and CRM (Customer Relationship Manager) WebClient UI and then make a selection between these technologies. The results found in this research make possible the evaluation between these SAP UI technologies in terms of response time, database request time and CPU time. The application platform where the study is realized is SAP NetWeaver Keywords: web technologies, integrated system SAP, multicriteria decision making, SuperDecision software 1. Introduction Nowadays, most of enterprises have been facing difficulties regarding the technologies selection for implementing new projects. These difficulties come from the complexity of the analyzed problems before a decision making. This study, focuses both on the assessment of an SAP UI technology, as well as on decision making. The evaluation of an web technology is performed on the SAP NetWeaver platform. This platform provides the integration of business information and processes, collaboration, industry-specific functionality, and scalability [1]. Adela D. Berdie Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Hunedoara, Romania adela.berdie@fih.upt.ro Mihaela Osaci Department of Electrical Engineering and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Hunedoara, Romania mihaela.osaci@fih.upt.ro Nicolae Budişan Faculty of Automation and Computers, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Romania nicolae.budisan@aut.upt.ro
2 2 A.D.Berdie, M.Osaci, N.Budişan The SAP NetWeaver User Interface Technology enables SAP application developers and customers to efficiently build, extend and maintain usercentric infrastructure for Business Applications and enriches SAP business applications with value-adding UI services for collaboration, personalization and content creation [2]. At the same time the platform, enables harmonized, multichannel access through the client. For ABAP developers, SAP technologies and tools include Web Dynpro ABAP, Floorplan Manager and WebClient UI Framework. WebClient UI Framework is used for development of applications that complement SAP CRM. For the decision making, the proposed model used the AHP method as a basis and applying the SuperDecisions software, which makes it possible the evaluation. 2. Objectives of the study The objectives of the study include: implementing the same web application in all three technologies (WD ABAP, FPM and CRM WebClient UI) measuring the system parameters: response time, CPU (central process unit) time and database request time with the transaction STAD ( Business Transaction Analisys) applying the decision model SuperDecision for evaluation and selection For the implementation of web applications will be adopted different methods, depending on the technology chosen. With Web Dynpro technology, through the method of componentization, the implemented interfaces will transport the data in the database tables of the SAP system. With Floorplan Manager and CRM WebClient UI technologies, for achieving the interfaces, will be choose UI Building Blocks. The parameters: response time, CPU time and database request time are measured for each web business application, with transaction STAD for the same query in the database system. For evaluation and selection between the three technologies is used the SuperDecision model that implement the AHP. The AHP methodology was introduced by Saaty (1980) and provides a means of decomposing the problem into a hierarchy of sub-problems which can more easily be comprehended and subjectively evaluated. The AHP has four major features [3]: It decomposes a complex problem into its constituent elements and orders them into a hierarchy, or classification system; it uses pairwise comparisons to establish priorities among elements in each level of the hierarchy; it provides a measurement theory to estimate the relative weights of the elements;
3 A Multicriteria Approach in the Selection of a SAP UI Technology 3 it aggregates the relative weights to derive a single overall rating for each decision alternative. The SuperDecisions is a hierarchical decision model that has a goal, criteria and alternatives, make judgments (paired comparisons), and compute the results to find the best alternative. 3. Results and interpretations Implementing the same web application in all the three technologies and testing using transaction STAD, the results for the parameters response time, CPU time and database request time are translated in the Table 1.[4] Table 1. Values of measured parameters UI Technology/ STAD Parameters (ms) Web Dynpro ABAP Floorplan Manager CRM WebClient UI Response Time CPU Time DB Request Time From these measurements results that, the WD ABAP technology is the best in terms of the measured parameters, because the obtained values are the smallest. Making a decision model using the software SuperDecision involves the creating a hierarchy that has a goal, criteria and alternatives, make judgments (paired comparisons), and compute the results to find the best alternative. Criteria are evaluated for their importance to the goal, and alternatives are evaluated for how preferred they are with respect to each criterion. [5] In the hierarchical structure shown in Fig. 1, each comparison set is made up of a parent node and the nodes it connects to in the cluster below. Table 2. Saaty s intensity scale Fig. 1. SuperDecisions Hierarchical Model
4 4 A.D.Berdie, M.Osaci, N.Budişan The main criteria of the structure are weighted by using AHP. The intensity scale from Saaty represented in Table 2 is used to make pair wise comparisons between the criteria with respect to the goal and/or between the alternatives with respect to the each criteria. The pair wise comparison is the process of comparing the relative importance of two elements with respect to another element in the level above to establish priorities for the elements being compared.[6] For this hierarchical model exists three sets of pair wise comparisons. They are the alternatives with respect to each of the criteria. The dates come from measurements put in the SuperDecision give the result which is shown in the figures 2, 3 and 4. These values will be directly introduced in the model will be converted to priorities by summing and dividing each entry by the total. Then the matrix will be generated automatically. Fig. 2. The Comparison Screen for the Alternatives with respect to the Response Time Fig. 3. The Comparison Screen for the Alternatives with respect to the CPU Time Fig. 4. The Comparison Screen for the Alternatives with respect to the DB Request Time
5 A Multicriteria Approach in the Selection of a SAP UI Technology 5 Numerical judgements are made in matrix (Figures 5a, 6a and 7a) using the Saaty s intensity scale that represents how many times one element is more important than another. The dominant element is represented from the arrow at the left of the entry points. Fig. 5a. Matrix mode for Response Time Fig. 5b. The Priorities Screens for Request time Fig. 6a. Matrix mode for CPU Time Fig. 6b. The Priorities Screen for CPU time Fig. 7a. Matrix mode for DB Request Time Fig. 7b. The Priorities Screen for DB request time The results of these pairwise comparisons and the inconsistency index are shown in figures 5b, 6b and 7b. The inconsistency indexes in all three cases are less then 0.1, so no correction of judgments is needed. The results for the alternatives are obtained in the Main Model View through synthesis. The final results are shown in Fig. 8.
6 6 A.D.Berdie, M.Osaci, N.Budişan Fig. 8. Priorities of proposed model created in SuperDecision software The Normals column presents the results in the form of priorities. The Ideals column is obtained from the Normals column by dividing each of its entries by the largest value in the column and the Raw column is read directly from the Limit Supermatrix.[3] These results show that the Web Dynpro ABAP would be the best choice for this decision maker. The Ideals column shows the results divided by the largest value so that the best choice has a priority of 1.0. The others are in the same proportion as in Normals and are interpreted this way: CRM WebClient UI is 16.7 % as good as Web Dynpro ABAP and Floorplan Manager is 98.2% as good as Web Dynpro ABAP. For the sensitivity analysis are set the independent variable and the graph shown as in Fig. 9, one line for each alternative. Fig. 9. Sensitivity analysis
7 A Multicriteria Approach in the Selection of a SAP UI Technology 7 The priorities that were derived in the comparison process appear in the Unweighted Super Matrix shown in Fig. 10. The Weighted Supermatrix is the same as the Unweighted Super Matrix but the clusters are not weighted. Raising the Weighted Super Matrix to powers yields the Limit Matrix from which the final answers are extracted. The final priorities for the Alternatives are in the column under the Goal. [7] The final Super Matrix (Fig. 11) is the limit matrix and will display the intermediate priorities under every node in the model. Fig. 10. The Unweighted Super Matrix Fig. 11. The Limit Matrix
8 8 A.D.Berdie, M.Osaci, N.Budişan 4. Conclusions The main conclusion of this article is the proposed evaluation model by this study demonstrates the sensitivity and efficiency in evaluating UI technologies selection. It is important that one or more comparison judgment within considering problem can be changed in the SuperDecision software and the new ranking immediately can be seen according that. This makes the program ideal for applying as a tool in decision making problems. We can say that this paper is focused, on practical issues and a quickly implementation. Further studies with respect to combination of other decision models, would be very interesting to analyze. References [1] SAP Portal ( [2] SAP Community Network ( [3] Saaty T.L, Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, (2008) [4] Berdie A.D., Osaci M, Prostean G., Cristea A.D., Web Programming features on integrated system SAP, 6th IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI), pp , Timisoara, Romania (2011) [5] Rozann W. Saaty, Decision making in complex environments, [6] K. Osman, N. Bojčetić and D. Marjanović, Multicriteria decision making in Product platform development an evaluation, International Design Conference - Design 2010, Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 17-20, pp , (2010) [7] William J. L. Adams and Rozann Saaty, Super Decisions Software Guide, (2011) (
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