The FUSED Meta-Language & Tools for Complex System Engineering

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1 The FUSED Meta-Language & Tools for Complex System Engineering Steve Vestal Adventium Enterprises Hazel Shackleton Adventium Enterprises The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.

2 Adventium Enterprises Adventium Enterprises Scientist-owned small business Commercial and government contract research 17 Scientists (7 PhD, 6 MS, 4 BS) 23 total + 4 consultants Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Psychology, Mathematics Founded 2002 Based in Minneapolis Cyber Security Trusted Systems Cyber Physical Systems Real-World Applications Automated Reasoning Systems Engineering Invent, research, mature, and transfer technology Cyber Security: protect computers and networks from cyber-oriented threats Automated Reasoning: automate difficult or error prone tasks for humans System Engineering: design, model, and analyze complex cyber physical systems (CPS) ranging from medical devices to spacecraft

3 DARPA Adaptive Vehicle Make (AVM) META Technologies for complex system engineering Metrics for complexity and adaptability Verification technologies Design flow Meta-Languages ifab Technologies for adaptive fabrication We Are Here VehicleForge Collaborative sourcing of system designs C2M2L Component Libraries FANG Ground vehicle design challenge MENTOR Education for system engineering The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.

4 FUSED Technology & Demo Overview FUSED supports Composable Configurable Multi-Model Components We will be demonstrating: Language extensibility Uncertainty management Pub/sub infrastructure & multi-model composition Trade spaces & configurable components Multiple abstraction levels & mixed fidelity modeling Automation of analyses & trade-off exploration Our focus to date has been on FUSED capabilities and implementation approach. Syntax follows from that.

5 The FUSED Meta-Language Approach The FUSED language specifies meta-data about and relationships between models written in other languages (e.g. SysML, AADL, Modelica, ). The FUSED tool infrastructure supports modeling environments and tools developed by third parties. The FUSED language and infrastructure are extensible to support a selected set of modeling languages and environments (analogous to developing Eclipse plug-ins). The set of modeling languages selected should be complementary and synergistic for the product domain. They have dissimilar and unique semantics and tool functions, and relationships between them require specification and use of appropriate abstractions.

6 Languages/Tools Used in Demo Language/Tool Source IP Silver Univ. Minnesota open TOPCASED (Eclipse+OSATE+UML+metatooling) TOPCASED consortium open Trade Space Visualizer Penn State ROTS Excel Microsoft COTS Creo/ProE PTC COTS Athena Vortex Lattice MIT open OpenModelica Modelica consortium open ANT, ant-contrib Apache open Ocarina/Cheddar ENST/ Univ. Brest open Ocarina/MAST ENST/Univ. Cantabria open

7 Some Anticipated User Roles Role As-Is To-Be Subject Matter Expert Extensively trained in an existing and complex set of modeling languages, methods and tools. Usessame languages, methods and tools with a few FUSED extensions. System Engineer Uses primarily informal LearnsFUSED system Requirements Engineer notations, manual methods meta-language, methods and tools and tools. Development Environment Engineer Maintainsislands of integrated tool chains and CM systems; develops conversion scripts and plugins. AcquiresFUSED plug-ins for desired set of modeling environments; or develops FUSED plug-ins for desired modeling languages and environments.

8 The FUSED Language Structure The FUSED language consists of two classes of sublanguages. Extensions to the selected modeling languages and environments. Most model developers see a small delta to what they already know. Extensible core FUSED language used to compose and specify relationships between multiple other models. This is primarily used by system engineers and integrators. This approach provides easy learning curve easy technology transfer & adoption Support for best-of-breed mix of industrial and research tools

9 Silver and Extensible Languages We use the UMN Silver higher-order attribute grammar system to define extensions for selected modeling languages. Rapid development. Syntactic and semantic context available. Support for easy translation to host language. Support for composable extensions.

10 Demo: Existing Language Extension FUSED Added FUSED features for uncertainty, pub/sub, etc. Forwarded to statements in the existing language. Extended Modelica (flight.mo.fused) Modelica (flight.mo)

11 Models, Languages, and Environments Model Project Folder Module (a file containing a string in the language) Module Compile/ Build Model (static input to one or more analysis tools) Analyzer Analyzer Analysis Results Analysis Results Module Multiple distinct languages in multiple files. Messy in practice because they are a mixture of: User readable & writable vs. read-only tool-generated Text vs. console vs. GUI vs. API Open vs. proprietary

12 Configurable Multi-Model Component Hierarchy FUSED adds elements to the domain-specific modeling environments. FUSED adds elements to hierarchical compositions of configurable multimodel components. System of Components Multi-Model Component Model extensions Model extensions Model extensions FUSED Model extensions

13 What Does FUSED Add to Domain-Specific Model Environments? Support for extensions to the existing language, e.g. Publish and subscribe Uncertainty Design parameters & configuration macros FUSED composition specifications, e.g. Manifest/interface (e.g. design alternatives, goal metrics, ) Environment variables & defaults Build scripts that wraps existing tools, parameterized by design parameters & environment variables, e.g. Language extension pre-processing Subscribe pre-processing Publish post-processing

14 What Does FUSED Add to System-of-Components Environments? FUSED model composition specifications, e.g. Publish/subscribe associations Inter-model consistency conditions Uncertainty & change propagation rules FUSED trade space composition and abstraction, e.g. Design alternatives Goal metrics Environment variables Higher-level constraints Abstraction & consistency relations Multi-model build scripts, support for automated trade space exploration

15 Demo Basis: Tactical Surveillance UAV UAV used by ground troops for local surveillance. Choice of payloads Backpacked in pieces, assembled at site Hand-launched Lockheed-Martin Desert Hawk

16 Demo: Multi-Language Multi-Level Models Requirements (SysML) Equations Model (Excel) Mixed Fidelity Model (Excel) Trade Space (TSV) More Abstract Solid Model (Creo/ProE) Aerodynamics (AVL) Vehicle Dynamics (Modelica) Avionics (AADL) More Detailed

17 Pub/Sub Flows Between Models subscribe DynamicsModel to SolidModel.MassProperties; Publishing Model (e.g. solid model publishing mass properties) Subscribing Model (e.g. dynamics model subscribing to inertial tensor) We ll see in the demos how this supports model composition.

18 Pub/Sub Flows Between Models Common Meta-Typing Hierarchy Data signatures, e.g. vector, tensor Frames of reference, e.g. body axes, stability axes Units, e.g. Kg, M^3 Model structures, e.g. hardware graphs, state machines Uncertainty meta-data Publishing Model Subscribing Model Infrastructure supports composableexchange of abstract model elements, not just simple data values.

19 Demo: Multi-Model Publish/Subscribe Wing Option #1: 4412 (long wing) Wing Option #1: 2412 (short wing) Solid Model (Creo/ProE) Aero (AVL) run1 run2 run3 run4 run5 Mass Properties, Center of Gravity, Moments of Inertia, etc. FUSED Stability Derivatives Vehicle Dynamics (Modelica)

20 Demo: Multi-Model Publish/Subscribe Solid Model (Creo/ProE) Avionics (AADL) LRU & Cabling Graph FUSED Hardware architecture Software/device connections Periods Latencies Sampling rates Lags Plant/Controller connections Control software Vehicle Dynamics (Modelica)

21 Pub/Sub Support March 2011 & Future Language/Tool Publish Subscribe SysML value type, constraints Excel sets of cells sets of cells Creo/ProE scalar, vector, matrix, tensor abstract part/connection graphs Athena Vortex Lattice stability/control derivatives design alternatives trim point constraints Modelica Trade Space Visualizer AADL real, bool, int, string, arrays abstract function/connection graphs schedulability analyses, property values abstract model graphs real, bool, int, string, arrays design alternatives design& goal constraints property values design alternatives

22 Airfoil Trade Spaces as First Class Objects g = F( d, e ) Endurance Goal Metrics Declared & evaluated by users at design-time Constraints over g, e Wingspan Takeoff Speed Design Parameters Declared & set by designers at design-time Constraints over d, e Altitude Temperature Environment Variables Declared by users at design-time Partially controlled by users at run-time Constraints over d, e

23 Making Optimal Selections Requirements and design both require multi-dimension trade-off decisions to be made. We have extended FUSED for Trade Space Visualizer, a tool from Penn State University that allows users to shop by exploring visualizations of the Pareto frontier in a multi-dimensional space. There are many mathematical formulations as a multi-objective constrained optimization problem to help automate selection of design alternatives. We are currently evaluating design constraint management languages and environments. We will extend FUSED to support the selected language and environment.

24 Demo: Explore Trades with Requirements and Abstract System Models Requirements (SysML) FUSED Profile Constraints with Values, Priorities, Units, Uncertainty, etc. FUSED Requirements Trade Space Boundaries Abstract Model (Excel) Trade Space (TSV)

25 Demo: Explore Trades with Multi-Level Models Wing Option #1: 4412 (long wing) Wing Option #1: 2412 (short wing) Requirements (SysML) Solid Model (Creo/ProE) Aero Model (AVL) FUSED Detailed Models Abstract Models Mixed Fidelity (Excel) Trade Space (TSV)

26 Anticipated Changes to Traditional Acquisition & Engineering Process Component suppliers don t deliver point solutions to fixed requirements, they deliver a design space of possible solutions. System engineers don t hand down requirements, they explore the trade space collaboratively with end users and component suppliers. Uncertainty is reduced and detail is elaborated as end users, system engineers, and component suppliers collaboratively explore regions of the design space that are of value in the marketplace. Defects are caught earlier. Requirements and design decisions are made later, with reduced risk and higher quality.

27 To-Do Backlog Continue growing pub/sub infrastructure as needed, e.g. Support for AADL, TOPCASED/OSATE, analysis tools More data types, units, automated coercion Model structures & meta-types Uncertainty meta-data Continue growing hierarchical multi-model composition features, e.g. Trade space specification & composition Like-model and mixed-model co-simulation composition Abstraction up/down the hierarchy SOA/pull from models during trades & evolution Design configuration management & analysis caching Systemic constraint management for automated design decision support, e.g Evaluate & select constraint language(s) & environment(s) Multi-model mappings to systemic constraint model(s) Inter-model dependencies during collaborative development, e.g. Uncertainty propagation Fine-grained significant change propagation More complex inter-model relationships and verification conditions, e.g. Extract, map & verify model structures, e.g. hardware graphs Extract, map & verify dynamic abstractions Syntax of FUSED language.

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