Database Systems. Normalization Lecture# 7

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Database Systems. Normalization Lecture# 7"

Transcription

1

2 Database Systems Normalization Lecture# 7

3 Lecture 7: Normalization Normalization (Brief Overview) Functional Dependencies and Keys 1 st Normal Form 2 nd Normal Form 3 rd Normal Form Class Activity 3

4 Normalization (Brief Overview) 4

5 Normalization (Brief Overview) The main goal of Database Normalization is to restructure the logical data model of a database to: 1. Eliminate Redundancy. 2. Organize Data Efficiently. 3. Reduce the possibility of Data Anomalies/Irregularities. 5

6 Continued Data anomalies are inconsistencies in the data stored in a database as a result of an operation such as update, insertion, and deletion. Such inconsistencies may arise when have a particular record stored in multiple locations and not all of the copies are updated. We can prevent such anomalies by implementing 7 different level of normalization called Normal Forms (NF) We ll only look at the first Three. 6

7 Continued Database Normalization was first proposed by Edgar F. Codd. Codd defined the first three Normal Forms, which we ll look into, of the 7 known Normal Forms. In order to do normalization we must know what the requirements are for each of the three Normal Forms that we ll go over. One of the key requirements to remember is that Normal Forms are progressive. That is, in order to achieve 3 rd NF we must have 2 nd NF and in order to have 2 nd NF we must have 1 st NF. 7

8 Levels of Normalization Levels of normalization based on the amount of redundancy in the database. Various levels of normalization are: First Normal Form (1NF) Second Normal Form (2NF) Third Normal Form (3NF) Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) or 3.5 NF Fourth Normal Form (4NF) Fifth Normal Form (Project-Join Normal Form-PJNF) Domain Key Normal Form (DKNF) Sixth Normal Form (6NF) Number of Tables Increases Redundancy Decreases 8

9

10 Data Anomalies 1. Insertion Anomaly: Cannot make a record of Jone s address because he is not taking any classes. 10

11 11 Continued 2. Update Anomaly: Clearly, Name and Address are redundant (larger relation and we have to update 3 rows to update the Address)

12 Continued 3. Delete Anomaly: Cannot delete Jones enrolment without loosing his address as well 12

13 Functional Dependencies and Keys 13

14 Functional Dependencies and Keys. Example is shown on next slide 14

15 15

16 16

17 Prime and Non-Prime Attributes In Normalization Terminology, Any attribute that is completely or at least part is a member of a Primary Key is known as a Prime Attribute instead of the more common term Key Attribute. So, a Non-Prime attribute or Non-Key attribute, is not part of any Candidate Key. 17

18 Closure Set of Attributes Trivial means D and E contains only its own value 18

19 Finding Candidate Keys using Closure Set of Attributes There are 15 possible Keys; We have to find Candidate key from these possible keys So: 19

20 Continued.. There are 15 possible Keys; We have to find Candidate key from these possible keys 20

21 Continued.. 21

22 Finding Candidate Keys using Closure Set of Attributes 22

23 Continued.. 23

24 1 st Normal Form 24

25 1 st Normal Form The requirements to satisfy the 1 st NF are: 1) Each table has a Primary Key: minimal set of attributes which can uniquely identify a record 2) The values in each column of a table are Atomic (No multivalue attributes allowed eg. stdcellno; std address) 3) There are no repeating groups: two columns do not store similar information in the same table. 25

26

27

28 2 nd Normal Form 28

29 2 nd Normal Form The requirements to satisfy the 2 nd NF: All requirements for 1 st NF must be met Any partial functional dependencies have been removed (i.e., non-keys are identified by the Whole Primary Key). bookisbn --> booktitle, bookfirstauthorname, bookpublisher. In the given above example; The title of a book, the name of the first author, and the publisher are functionally dependent on the book's International Standard Book Number (ISBN). In other words all listed attributes are identified uniquely by the whole Primary Key which is bookisbn and this relation/file/table/entity is in 2 nd Normal Form. 29

30 30

31 31

32

33 33

34 34

35 3 rd Normal Form 35

36

37

38

39 Continued We have seen how Database Normalization can decrease redundancy, increase efficiency and reduce anomalies by implementing three of seven different levels of normalization called Normal Forms. The first Three Normal Forms (3-NF) are usually sufficient for small to medium size applications. 39

40 Why we Required Decomposition of a Relation Redundancy can be reduced Data Independence can be maintained Anomalies can be reduced

41 Class Activity 41

42 Class Activity 1: Answer the following Questions. 42

43 Class Activity 2: Answer the following Questions? a) Indicate the Level of Normal Form for the given below Relation. b) If the Relation is not in 3-NF, Decompose it into 3-NF Relations. c) Design an ERD of 3-NF Relations in Information Engineering Standard. 43

44 Recommended Readings Chapter 5 from: Modern Database Management-8 th Edition by Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Presscott & Fred R. McFadden (Page No ) Chapter 6 from: Database Systems - Design, Implementation and Management by Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris and Peter Rob, 9th Edition(Page No )

45 Recommended Readings Chapter 14 from: Database Systems-A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management by Thomas Connolly and Carolyn Begg, 4th Edition (Page No )

46 Summary of Lecture Lecture 7 Normalization (Overview) Functional Dependencies and Keys 1 st Normal Form 2 nd Normal Form 3 rd Normal Form Class Activity 46

47 END OF LECTURE 7 47

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Mr. Muhammad Nouman Farooq BSC-H (Computer Science) MS (Telecomm. and Networks) Honors: Magna Cumm Laude Honors Degree Gold Medalist! Blog Url: noumanfarooqatisp.wordpress.com

More information

Redundancy:Dependencies between attributes within a relation cause redundancy.

Redundancy:Dependencies between attributes within a relation cause redundancy. Normalization Normalization: It is the process of removing redundant data from your tables in order to improve storage efficiency, data integrity and scalability. This improvement is balanced against an

More information

In This Lecture. Normalisation to BCNF. Lossless decomposition. Normalisation so Far. Relational algebra reminder: product

In This Lecture. Normalisation to BCNF. Lossless decomposition. Normalisation so Far. Relational algebra reminder: product In This Lecture Normalisation to BCNF Database Systems Lecture 12 Natasha Alechina More normalisation Brief review of relational algebra Lossless decomposition Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) Higher normal

More information

Databases 1. Daniel POP

Databases 1. Daniel POP Databases 1 Daniel POP Week 6 & 7 Agenda Introduction to normalization Functional dependencies 1NF 2NF 3NF. Transitive dependencies BCNF 4NF. Multivalued dependencies 5NF De-normalization Normalization

More information

Lectures 12: Design Theory I. 1. Normal forms & functional dependencies 2/19/2018. Today s Lecture. What you will learn about in this section

Lectures 12: Design Theory I. 1. Normal forms & functional dependencies 2/19/2018. Today s Lecture. What you will learn about in this section Today s Lecture Lectures 12: Design Theory I Professor Xiannong Meng Spring 2018 Lecture and activity contents are based on what Prof Chris Ré used in his CS 145 in the fall 2016 term with permission 1.

More information

Database Management System Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Database Management System Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Database Management System Prof. Partha Pratim Das Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 19 Relational Database Design (Contd.) Welcome to module

More information

Learning outcomes. On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Understand data models and database technologies.

Learning outcomes. On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Understand data models and database technologies. 2015-2016 Phil Smith Learning outcomes On successful completion of this unit you will: 1. Understand data models and database technologies. (Assignment 1) Recap and setting the scene Before we get to Normalisation

More information

Steps in normalisation. Steps in normalisation 7/15/2014

Steps in normalisation. Steps in normalisation 7/15/2014 Introduction to normalisation Normalisation Normalisation = a formal process for deciding which attributes should be grouped together in a relation Normalisation is the process of decomposing relations

More information

Edited by: Nada Alhirabi. Normalization

Edited by: Nada Alhirabi. Normalization Edited by: Nada Alhirabi Normalization Normalization:Why do we need to normalize? 1. To avoid redundancy (less storage space needed, and data is consistent) Ssn c-id Grade Name Address 123 cs331 A smith

More information

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE (4th Edition) by Thomas M. Connolly.Download Ebook : database systems a practical approach

More information

Normalisation. Normalisation. Normalisation

Normalisation. Normalisation. Normalisation Normalisation Normalisation Main objective in developing a logical data model for relational database systems is to create an accurate and efficient representation of the data, its relationships, and constraints

More information

Lecture5 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases

Lecture5 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases College of Computer and Information Sciences - Information Systems Dept. Lecture5 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Ref. Chapter14-15 Prepared by L. Nouf Almujally & Aisha

More information

UNIT 3 DATABASE DESIGN

UNIT 3 DATABASE DESIGN UNIT 3 DATABASE DESIGN Objective To study design guidelines for relational databases. To know about Functional dependencies. To have an understanding on First, Second, Third Normal forms To study about

More information

Applied Databases. Sebastian Maneth. Lecture 5 ER Model, normal forms. University of Edinburgh - January 25 th, 2016

Applied Databases. Sebastian Maneth. Lecture 5 ER Model, normal forms. University of Edinburgh - January 25 th, 2016 Applied Databases Lecture 5 ER Model, normal forms Sebastian Maneth University of Edinburgh - January 25 th, 2016 Outline 2 1. Entity Relationship Model 2. Normal Forms Keys and Superkeys 3 Superkey =

More information

Copyright 2016 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe

Copyright 2016 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe CHAPTER 14 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Slide 14-2 Chapter Outline 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases 1.1 Semantics of the Relation Attributes

More information

Normalization Rule. First Normal Form (1NF) Normalization rule are divided into following normal form. 1. First Normal Form. 2. Second Normal Form

Normalization Rule. First Normal Form (1NF) Normalization rule are divided into following normal form. 1. First Normal Form. 2. Second Normal Form Normalization Rule Normalization rule are divided into following normal form. 1. First Normal Form 2. Second Normal Form 3. Third Normal Form 4. BCNF First Normal Form (1NF) As per First Normal Form, no

More information

Applied Databases. Sebastian Maneth. Lecture 5 ER Model, Normal Forms. University of Edinburgh - January 30 th, 2017

Applied Databases. Sebastian Maneth. Lecture 5 ER Model, Normal Forms. University of Edinburgh - January 30 th, 2017 Applied Databases Lecture 5 ER Model, Normal Forms Sebastian Maneth University of Edinburgh - January 30 th, 2017 Outline 2 1. Entity Relationship Model 2. Normal Forms From Last Lecture 3 the Lecturer

More information

Database Foundations. 3-9 Validating Data Using Normalization. Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Database Foundations. 3-9 Validating Data Using Normalization. Copyright 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Database Foundations 3-9 Roadmap Conceptual and Physical Data Models Business Rules Entities Attributes Unique Identifiers Relationships Validating Relationships Tracking Data Changes over Time Validating

More information

Lecture 11 - Chapter 8 Relational Database Design Part 1

Lecture 11 - Chapter 8 Relational Database Design Part 1 CMSC 461, Database Management Systems Spring 2018 Lecture 11 - Chapter 8 Relational Database Design Part 1 These slides are based on Database System Concepts 6th edition book and are a modified version

More information

CSIT5300: Advanced Database Systems

CSIT5300: Advanced Database Systems CSIT5300: Advanced Database Systems L06: Relational Database Design BCNF Dr. Kenneth LEUNG Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR,

More information

Database Systems: Design, Implementation And Management, Sixth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel

Database Systems: Design, Implementation And Management, Sixth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel Database Systems: Design, Implementation And Management, Sixth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel Database Systems: Design, Implementation and Management (Sixth Edition) - Buy Database Systems: Design,

More information

Normalization in DBMS

Normalization in DBMS Unit 4: Normalization 4.1. Need of Normalization (Consequences of Bad Design-Insert, Update & Delete Anomalies) 4.2. Normalization 4.2.1. First Normal Form 4.2.2. Second Normal Form 4.2.3. Third Normal

More information

CSCI 403: Databases 13 - Functional Dependencies and Normalization

CSCI 403: Databases 13 - Functional Dependencies and Normalization CSCI 403: Databases 13 - Functional Dependencies and Normalization Introduction The point of this lecture material is to discuss some objective measures of the goodness of a database schema. The method

More information

NORMAL FORMS. CS121: Relational Databases Fall 2017 Lecture 18

NORMAL FORMS. CS121: Relational Databases Fall 2017 Lecture 18 NORMAL FORMS CS121: Relational Databases Fall 2017 Lecture 18 Equivalent Schemas 2 Many different schemas can represent a set of data Which one is best? What does best even mean? Main goals: Representation

More information

Normalisation Chapter2 Contents

Normalisation Chapter2 Contents Contents Objective... 64 Superkey & Candidate Keys... 65 Primary, Alternate and Foreign Keys... 65 Functional Dependence... 67 Using Instances... 70 Normalisation Introduction... 70 Normalisation Problems...

More information

Course Outline Faculty of Computing and Information Technology

Course Outline Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Course Outline Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Title Code Instructor Name Credit Hours Prerequisite Prerequisite Skill/Knowledge/Understanding Category Course Goals Statement of Course

More information

How to design a database

How to design a database Chapter 16 How to design a database A database system is modeled after a real-word system 2017, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. C 16, Slide 1 2017, Mike Murach & Associates, Inc. C 16, Slide 4 Objectives

More information

Functional Dependencies and Single Valued Normalization (Up to BCNF)

Functional Dependencies and Single Valued Normalization (Up to BCNF) Functional Dependencies and Single Valued Normalization (Up to BCNF) Harsh Srivastava 1, Jyotiraditya Tripathi 2, Dr. Preeti Tripathi 3 1 & 2 M.Tech. Student, Centre for Computer Sci. & Tech. Central University

More information

CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems. Magdalena Balazinska Fall 2009 Lecture 3 - Schema Normalization

CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems. Magdalena Balazinska Fall 2009 Lecture 3 - Schema Normalization CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems Magdalena Balazinska Fall 2009 Lecture 3 - Schema Normalization References R&G Book. Chapter 19: Schema refinement and normal forms Also relevant to this

More information

CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems. Magdalena Balazinska Winter 2009 Lecture 4 - Schema Normalization

CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems. Magdalena Balazinska Winter 2009 Lecture 4 - Schema Normalization CSE 544 Principles of Database Management Systems Magdalena Balazinska Winter 2009 Lecture 4 - Schema Normalization References R&G Book. Chapter 19: Schema refinement and normal forms Also relevant to

More information

Normalization. Murali Mani. What and Why Normalization? To remove potential redundancy in design

Normalization. Murali Mani. What and Why Normalization? To remove potential redundancy in design 1 Normalization What and Why Normalization? To remove potential redundancy in design Redundancy causes several anomalies: insert, delete and update Normalization uses concept of dependencies Functional

More information

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHORT QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1: What is database?

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHORT QUESTIONS. QUESTION 1: What is database? DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHORT QUESTIONS Complete book short Answer Question.. QUESTION 1: What is database? A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing

More information

DBMS Chapter Three IS304. Database Normalization-Comp.

DBMS Chapter Three IS304. Database Normalization-Comp. Database Normalization-Comp. Contents 4. Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF) 5. Fourth Normal Form (4NF) 6. Fifth Normal Form (5NF) 7. Sixth Normal Form (6NF) 1 4. Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF) In the first

More information

Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases

Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases Outline Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases Semantics of the Relation Attributes Redundant Information in Tuples and Update Anomalies Null Values in Tuples Spurious Tuples Functional Dependencies

More information

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition. Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition. Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Normalization of Database Tables Objectives In this chapter, students will learn: What normalization is and what role it

More information

Part II: Using FD Theory to do Database Design

Part II: Using FD Theory to do Database Design Part II: Using FD Theory to do Database Design 32 Recall that poorly designed table? part manufacturer manaddress seller selleraddress price 1983 Hammers R Us 99 Pinecrest ABC 1229 Bloor W 5.59 8624 Lee

More information

Database Normalization. (Olav Dæhli 2018)

Database Normalization. (Olav Dæhli 2018) Database Normalization (Olav Dæhli 2018) 1 What is normalization and why normalize? Normalization: A set of rules to decompose relations (tables) into smaller relations (tables), without loosing any data

More information

Normal Forms. Winter Lecture 19

Normal Forms. Winter Lecture 19 Normal Forms Winter 2006-2007 Lecture 19 Equivalent Schemas Many schemas can represent a set of data Which one is best? What does best even mean? Main goals: Representation must be complete Data should

More information

Theory of Normal Forms Decomposition of Relations. Overview

Theory of Normal Forms Decomposition of Relations. Overview .. Winter 2008 CPE/CSC 366: Database Modeling, Design and Implementation Alexander Dekhtyar.. Overview Theory of Normal Forms Decomposition of Relations Functional Dependencies capture the attribute dependencies

More information

Carnegie Mellon Univ. Dept. of Computer Science /615 - DB Applications. Overview - detailed. Goal. Faloutsos & Pavlo CMU SCS /615

Carnegie Mellon Univ. Dept. of Computer Science /615 - DB Applications. Overview - detailed. Goal. Faloutsos & Pavlo CMU SCS /615 Faloutsos & Pavlo 15-415/615 Carnegie Mellon Univ. Dept. of Computer Science 15-415/615 - DB Applications Lecture #17: Schema Refinement & Normalization - Normal Forms (R&G, ch. 19) Overview - detailed

More information

CMU SCS CMU SCS CMU SCS CMU SCS whole nothing but

CMU SCS CMU SCS CMU SCS CMU SCS whole nothing but Faloutsos & Pavlo 15-415/615 Carnegie Mellon Univ. Dept. of Computer Science 15-415/615 - DB Applications Lecture #17: Schema Refinement & Normalization - Normal Forms (R&G, ch. 19) Overview - detailed

More information

Distributed Database Systems By Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid Lecturer in Computer Science

Distributed Database Systems By Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid Lecturer in Computer Science Distributed Database Systems By Syed Bakhtawar Shah Abid Lecturer in Computer Science 1 Distributed Database Systems Basic concepts and Definitions Data Collection of facts and figures concerning an object

More information

Chapter 10. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline. Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases

Chapter 10. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline. Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Chapter 10 Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Chapter Outline 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases 1.1Semantics of the Relation Attributes 1.2 Redundant

More information

Fundamentals of Database Systems

Fundamentals of Database Systems Fundamentals of Database Systems Assignment: 3 Due Date: 23st August, 2017 Instructions This question paper contains 15 questions in 6 pages. Q1: Consider the following relation and its functional dependencies,

More information

Introduction to Databases, Fall 2003 IT University of Copenhagen. Lecture 4: Normalization. September 16, Lecturer: Rasmus Pagh

Introduction to Databases, Fall 2003 IT University of Copenhagen. Lecture 4: Normalization. September 16, Lecturer: Rasmus Pagh Introduction to Databases, Fall 2003 IT University of Copenhagen Lecture 4: Normalization September 16, 2003 Lecturer: Rasmus Pagh Today s lecture What you should remember from previously. Anomalies in

More information

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE Database Systems: Design, Implementation, And Management, Fourth Edition By Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel READ ONLINE Database Systems Design, Implementation, And Management Eighth Edition-Ch09 - Free download

More information

ACS-2914 Normalization March 2009 NORMALIZATION 2. Ron McFadyen 1. Normalization 3. De-normalization 3

ACS-2914 Normalization March 2009 NORMALIZATION 2. Ron McFadyen 1. Normalization 3. De-normalization 3 NORMALIZATION 2 Normalization 3 De-normalization 3 Functional Dependencies 4 Generating functional dependency maps from database design maps 5 Anomalies 8 Partial Functional Dependencies 10 Transitive

More information

This lecture. Databases -Normalization I. Repeating Data. Redundancy. This lecture introduces normal forms, decomposition and normalization.

This lecture. Databases -Normalization I. Repeating Data. Redundancy. This lecture introduces normal forms, decomposition and normalization. This lecture Databases -Normalization I This lecture introduces normal forms, decomposition and normalization (GF Royle 2006-8, N Spadaccini 2008) Databases - Normalization I 1 / 23 (GF Royle 2006-8, N

More information

Concepts from

Concepts from 1 Concepts from 3.1-3.2 Functional dependencies Keys & superkeys of a relation Reasoning about FDs Closure of a set of attributes Closure of a set of FDs Minimal basis for a set of FDs 2 Plan How can we

More information

Relational Design: Characteristics of Well-designed DB

Relational Design: Characteristics of Well-designed DB 1. Minimal duplication Relational Design: Characteristics of Well-designed DB Consider table newfaculty (Result of F aculty T each Course) Id Lname Off Bldg Phone Salary Numb Dept Lvl MaxSz 20000 Cotts

More information

The Relational Data Model

The Relational Data Model The Relational Data Model Lecture 6 1 Outline Relational Data Model Functional Dependencies Logical Schema Design Reading Chapter 8 2 1 The Relational Data Model Data Modeling Relational Schema Physical

More information

15CS53: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

15CS53: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 15CS53: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Subject Code: 15CS53 I.A. Marks: 20 Hours/Week: 04 Exam Hours: 03 Total Hours: 56 Exam Marks: 80 Objectives of the Course: This course will enable students to Provide

More information

Database Normalization Complete

Database Normalization Complete Database Normalization Complete Table Of Contents Part 1 - Introduction 1.1 What is Normalization? 1.2 Why should I Normalize? 1.3 Terminology 1.4 Summary JasonM (jasonm@accessvba.com) Last Updated: 28

More information

Lecture 4. Database design IV. INDs and 4NF Design wrapup

Lecture 4. Database design IV. INDs and 4NF Design wrapup Lecture 4 Database design IV INDs and 4NF Design wrapup Problem description We want a database that we can use for scheduling courses and lectures. This is how it s supposed to work: code name Course dept

More information

Introduction to Database Design, fall 2011 IT University of Copenhagen. Normalization. Rasmus Pagh

Introduction to Database Design, fall 2011 IT University of Copenhagen. Normalization. Rasmus Pagh Introduction to Database Design, fall 2011 IT University of Copenhagen Normalization Rasmus Pagh Based on KBL sections 6.1-6.8 (except p. 203 207m), 6.9 (until Multivalued dependencies ), 6.11, and 6.12.

More information

Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Design & Analysis of Database Systems

Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases Design & Analysis of Database Systems Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases 406.426 Design & Analysis of Database Systems Jonghun Park jonghun@snu.ac.kr Dept. of Industrial Engineering Seoul National University

More information

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Mr. Muhammad Nouman Farooq BSC-H (Computer Science) MS (Telecomm. and Networks) Honors: Magna Cumm Laude Honors Degree Gold Medalist! Blog Url: noumanfarooqatisp.wordpress.com

More information

Lecture 3. Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Lecture 3. Wednesday, September 3, 2014 Lecture 3 Wednesday, September 3, 2014 ER Diagrams Last week, we covered ER diagrams which allow us to show entities, attributes, and relationships The last component of an ER diagram is the cardinality

More information

Functional Dependencies and. Databases. 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases. 4 General Normal Form Definitions (For Multiple Keys)

Functional Dependencies and. Databases. 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases. 4 General Normal Form Definitions (For Multiple Keys) 1 / 13 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases 1.1Semantics of the Relation Attributes 1.2 Redundant d Information in Tuples and Update Anomalies 1.3 Null Values in Tuples 1.4 Spurious Tuples

More information

Elmasri/Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Chapter 10-2

Elmasri/Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Chapter 10-2 Elmasri/Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fourth Edition Chapter 10-2 Chapter Outline 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases 1.1Semantics of the Relation Attributes 1.2 Redundant

More information

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Mr. Muhammad Nouman Farooq BSC-H (Computer Science) MS (Telecomm. and Networks) Honors: Magna Cumm Laude Honors Degree Gold Medalist! Blog Url: noumanfarooqatisp.wordpress.com

More information

Databases -Normalization I. (GF Royle, N Spadaccini ) Databases - Normalization I 1 / 24

Databases -Normalization I. (GF Royle, N Spadaccini ) Databases - Normalization I 1 / 24 Databases -Normalization I (GF Royle, N Spadaccini 2006-2010) Databases - Normalization I 1 / 24 This lecture This lecture introduces normal forms, decomposition and normalization. We will explore problems

More information

Normalization. Un Normalized Form (UNF) Share. Download the pdf version of these notes.

Normalization. Un Normalized Form (UNF) Share. Download the pdf version of these notes. Normalization Share Download the pdf version of these notes. While designing a database out of an entity relationship model, the main problem existing in that raw database is redundancy. Redundancy is

More information

Chapter 14. Database Design Theory: Introduction to Normalization Using Functional and Multivalued Dependencies

Chapter 14. Database Design Theory: Introduction to Normalization Using Functional and Multivalued Dependencies Chapter 14 Database Design Theory: Introduction to Normalization Using Functional and Multivalued Dependencies Copyright 2012 Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe Chapter Outline 1 Informal Design Guidelines

More information

Normalisation. Connolly, Ch. 13

Normalisation. Connolly, Ch. 13 Normalisation Connolly, Ch. 13 1 Overview Normalisation Steps 1NF Removing repeating groups 2NF Partial dependencies Removing partial dependencies 3NF Transitive dependencies Removing transitive dependencies

More information

Chapter 6: Relational Database Design

Chapter 6: Relational Database Design Chapter 6: Relational Database Design Chapter 6: Relational Database Design Features of Good Relational Design Atomic Domains and First Normal Form Decomposition Using Functional Dependencies Second Normal

More information

Database Design. SYS-ED / Computer Education Techniques, Inc. 1

Database Design. SYS-ED / Computer Education Techniques, Inc. 1 Database Design SYS-ED / Computer Education Techniques, Inc. 1 Purpose Optimal database design Selection of appropriate relations/tables for a given set of attributes. Minimize update anomalies Redundancy

More information

Case Study: Lufthansa Cargo Database

Case Study: Lufthansa Cargo Database Case Study: Lufthansa Cargo Database Carsten Schürmann 1 Today s lecture More on data modelling Introduction to Lufthansa Cargo Database Entity Relationship diagram Boyce-Codd normal form 2 From Lecture

More information

Database design III. Quiz time! Using FDs to detect anomalies. Decomposition. Decomposition. Boyce-Codd Normal Form 11/4/16

Database design III. Quiz time! Using FDs to detect anomalies. Decomposition. Decomposition. Boyce-Codd Normal Form 11/4/16 Lecture 3 Quiz time! Database design III Functional dependencies cont. BCNF and 3NF What s wrong with this schema? {(, 2, Databases, Steven Van Acker ), (, 4, Databases, Rogardt Heldal )} Redundancy! Using

More information

UNIT 8. Database Design Explain multivalued dependency and fourth normal form 4NF with examples.

UNIT 8. Database Design Explain multivalued dependency and fourth normal form 4NF with examples. UNIT 8 Database Design -2 1. Explain multivalued dependency and fourth normal form 4NF with examples. (JUN/JULY 2013 / JAN 2014) A multivalued dependency (MVD) X Y specified on R, where X, and Y are both

More information

Normalisation theory

Normalisation theory Normalisation theory Introduction to Database Design 2012, Lecture 7 Challenging exercises E-R diagrams example Normalisation theory, motivation Functional dependencies Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) 3rd

More information

NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT CST4714 DATABASE ADMINISTRATION (2 class hours, 2 lab hours, 3 credits)

NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT CST4714 DATABASE ADMINISTRATION (2 class hours, 2 lab hours, 3 credits) NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT CST4714 DATABASE ADMINISTRATION (2 class hours, 2 lab hours, 3 credits) COURSE DESCRIPTION: Students in this course will develop

More information

Chapter 10. Normalization. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline(contd.)

Chapter 10. Normalization. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline(contd.) Chapter 10 Normalization Chapter Outline 1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relational Databases 1.1Semantics of the Relation Attributes 1.2 Redundant Information in Tuples and Update Anomalies 1.3 Null

More information

Database Tables and Normalization

Database Tables and Normalization Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition Chapter 9 Normalizing Database Designs (NORMALIZATION) MDM NUR RAZIA BINTI MOHD SURADI 019-3932846 razia@unisel.edu.my

More information

Databases The theory of relational database design Lectures for m

Databases The theory of relational database design Lectures for m Databases The theory of relational database design Lectures for mathematics students April 2, 2017 General introduction Look; that s why there s rules, understand? So that you think before you break em.

More information

itxperts shivpuri Page No. 1 Normalization

itxperts shivpuri Page No. 1 Normalization www.itxperts.co.in itxperts shivpuri Page No. 1 Normalization While designing a database out of an entity relationship model, the main problem existing in that raw database is redundancy. Redundancy is

More information

Database Normalization

Database Normalization Database Normalization Asst. Prof. Dr. Kanda Runapongsa Saikaew (krunapon@kku.ac.th) Department of Computer Engineering Khon Kaen University 1 Overview What and why normalization Background to normalization

More information

Chapter 14 Outline. Normalization for Relational Databases: Outline. Chapter 14: Basics of Functional Dependencies and

Chapter 14 Outline. Normalization for Relational Databases: Outline. Chapter 14: Basics of Functional Dependencies and Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe(2016) Fundamentals of Database Systems (7th Edition), pearson, isbn 10: 0-13-397077-9;isbn-13:978-0-13-397077-7. Chapter 14: Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization

More information

Introduction to SQL Server 2005/2008 and Transact SQL

Introduction to SQL Server 2005/2008 and Transact SQL Introduction to SQL Server 2005/2008 and Transact SQL Week 4: Normalization, Creating Tables, and Constraints Some basics of creating tables and databases Steve Stedman - Instructor Steve@SteveStedman.com

More information

Schema Normalization. 30 th August Submitted By: Saurabh Singla Rahul Bhatnagar

Schema Normalization. 30 th August Submitted By: Saurabh Singla Rahul Bhatnagar Schema Normalization 30 th August 2011 Submitted By: Saurabh Singla 09010146 Rahul Bhatnagar 09010136 Normalization Consider the following ER diagram with some FD: Instructor iid A Student sid Department

More information

A l Ain University Of Science and Technology

A l Ain University Of Science and Technology A l Ain University Of Science and Technology 6 Handout(6) Database Management Principles and Applications Relational algebra http://alainauh.webs.com/ 1 Handout Outines 6 Basic operations in relational

More information

DATABASE DESIGN I - 1DL300

DATABASE DESIGN I - 1DL300 DATABASE DESIGN I - 1DL300 Autumn 2012 An Introductory Course on Database Systems http://www.it.uu.se/edu/course/homepage/dbastekn/ht12/ Uppsala Database Laboratory Department of Information Technology,

More information

Lecture 6a Design Theory and Normalization 2/2

Lecture 6a Design Theory and Normalization 2/2 CompSci 516 Data Intensive Computing Systems Lecture 6a Design Theory and Normalization 2/2 Instructor: Sudeepa Roy 1 HW1 deadline: Announcements Due on 09/21 (Thurs), 11:55 pm, no late days Project proposal

More information

Unit IV. S_id S_Name S_Address Subject_opted

Unit IV. S_id S_Name S_Address Subject_opted Page no: 1 Unit IV Normalization of Database Database Normalizations is a technique of organizing the data in the database. Normalization is a systematic approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data

More information

FIT1004 Database Topic 6: Normalisation

FIT1004 Database Topic 6: Normalisation FIT1004 Database Topic 6: Normalisation Learning Objectives: Understand the purpose of normalisation Understand the problems associated with redundant data Identify various types of update anomalies such

More information

customer = (customer_id, _ customer_name, customer_street,

customer = (customer_id, _ customer_name, customer_street, Relational Database Design COMPILED BY: RITURAJ JAIN The Banking Schema branch = (branch_name, branch_city, assets) customer = (customer_id, _ customer_name, customer_street, customer_city) account = (account_number,

More information

Database Systems Connolly 4th Solutions Manual READ ONLINE

Database Systems Connolly 4th Solutions Manual READ ONLINE Database Systems Connolly 4th Solutions Manual READ ONLINE database systems connolly 5th edition pdf Chris - Solutions Manuals, Test Banks, Exam.Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation

More information

Database Design Theory and Normalization. CS 377: Database Systems

Database Design Theory and Normalization. CS 377: Database Systems Database Design Theory and Normalization CS 377: Database Systems Recap: What Has Been Covered Lectures 1-2: Database Overview & Concepts Lecture 4: Representational Model (Relational Model) & Mapping

More information

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan

Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan Mr. Muhammad Nouman Farooq BSC-H (Computer Science) MS (Telecomm. and Networks) Honors: Magna Cumm Laude Honors Degree Gold Medalist! Blog Url: noumanfarooqatisp.wordpress.com

More information

Database Systems Coronel 10th Edition Solutions Manual READ ONLINE

Database Systems Coronel 10th Edition Solutions Manual READ ONLINE Database Systems Coronel 10th Edition Solutions Manual READ ONLINE Amazon.com: Database Systems: Design, - Practical and easy to understand, DATABASE SYSTEMS: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MANAGEMENT, Eleventh

More information

Relational Design 1 / 34

Relational Design 1 / 34 Relational Design 1 / 34 Relational Design Basic design approaches. What makes a good design better than a bad design? How do we tell we have a "good" design? How to we go about creating a good design?

More information

CSE 562 Database Systems

CSE 562 Database Systems Goal CSE 562 Database Systems Question: The relational model is great, but how do I go about designing my database schema? Database Design Some slides are based or modified from originals by Magdalena

More information

Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition. Chapter 9 Normalizing Database Designs

Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition. Chapter 9 Normalizing Database Designs Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition Chapter 9 Normalizing Database Designs NORMALIZATION What is normalization? Normalization is a procedure that is

More information

Chapter 7: Relational Database Design

Chapter 7: Relational Database Design Chapter 7: Relational Database Design Database System Concepts, 5th Ed. See www.db-book.com for conditions on re-use Chapter 7: Relational Database Design Features of Good Relational Design Atomic Domains

More information

Schema And Draw The Dependency Diagram

Schema And Draw The Dependency Diagram Given That Information Write The Relational Schema And Draw The Dependency Diagram below, write the relational schema, draw its dependency diagram, and identify all You can assume that any given product

More information

Online Data Modeling to Improve Students Learning of Conceptual Data Modeling

Online Data Modeling to Improve Students Learning of Conceptual Data Modeling Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) SAIS 2005 Proceedings Southern (SAIS) 3-1-2005 Online Data Modeling to Improve Students Learning of Conceptual Data Modeling Hsiang-Jui

More information

Normalization (1) IT 5101 Introduction to Database Systems. J.G. Zheng Fall 2011

Normalization (1) IT 5101 Introduction to Database Systems. J.G. Zheng Fall 2011 Normalization (1) IT 5101 Introduction to Database Systems J.G. Zheng Fall 2011 Overview What is normalization? What are the normal forms? How to normalize relations? 2 Two Basic Ways To Design Tables

More information

Clarifying Normalization

Clarifying Normalization Teaching Tip Clarifying Normalization Donald A. Carpenter Department of Business Mesa State College Grand Junction, CO 81501 USA dcarpent@mesastate.edu ABSTRACT Confusion exists among database textbooks

More information

Data analysis and design Unit number: 23 Level: 5 Credit value: 15 Guided learning hours: 60 Unit reference number: H/601/1991.

Data analysis and design Unit number: 23 Level: 5 Credit value: 15 Guided learning hours: 60 Unit reference number: H/601/1991. Unit title: Data analysis and design Unit number: 23 Level: 5 Credit value: 15 Guided learning hours: 60 Unit reference number: H/601/1991 UNIT AIM AND PURPOSE The aim of this unit is to equip learners

More information

COSC Dr. Ramon Lawrence. Emp Relation

COSC Dr. Ramon Lawrence. Emp Relation COSC 304 Introduction to Database Systems Normalization Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan ramon.lawrence@ubc.ca Normalization Normalization is a technique for producing relations

More information