Redis to the Rescue? O Reilly MySQL Conference
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1 Redis to the Rescue? O Reilly MySQL Conference
2 Who? Tim Lossen Berlin, Germany backend developer at wooga
3
4 Redis Intro Case 1: Monster World Case 2: Happy Hospital Discussion
5 Redis Intro Case 1: Monster World Case 2: Happy Hospital Discussion
6 What? key-value-store in-memory database data structure server
7
8 Data Types strings (integers)
9 Data Types strings (integers) lists hashes
10 Data Types strings (integers) lists hashes sets sorted sets
11 flickr.com/photos/atzu/
12 Performance same for reads / writes
13 Performance same for reads / writes 50 K ops/second - regular notebook, EC2 instance
14 Performance same for reads / writes 50 K ops/second - regular notebook, EC2 instance 200 K ops/second - intel core i7 X980 (3.33 GHz)
15 Durability snapshots append-only log
16 Other Features master-slave replication virtual memory...
17 Redis Intro Case 1: Monster World Case 2: Happy Hospital Discussion
18
19 Daily Active Users April May June July Aug Sept Oct 2010
20 Daily Active Users April May June July Aug Sept Oct 2010
21 Challenge traffic growing rapidly
22 Challenge traffic growing rapidly bottleneck: write throughput - EBS volumes pretty slow
23 Challenge traffic growing rapidly bottleneck: write throughput - EBS volumes pretty slow MySQL already sharded - 4 x 2 = 8 shards
24 Idea move write-itensive data to Redis
25 Idea move write-itensive data to Redis first candidate: inventory - integer fields - frequently changing
26
27 Solution inventory = Redis hash - atomic increment / decrement!
28 Solution inventory = Redis hash - atomic increment / decrement! on-demand migration of users - with batch roll-up
29 Results quick win - implemented in 2 weeks - 10% less load on MySQL servers
30 Results quick win - implemented in 2 weeks - 10% less load on MySQL servers decision: move over more data
31 But... honeymoon soon over
32 But... honeymoon soon over growing memory usage (fragmentation) - servers need periodic refresh - replication dance
33 Current Status hybrid setup - 4 MySQL master-slave pairs - 4 Redis master-slave pairs
34 Current Status hybrid setup - 4 MySQL master-slave pairs - 4 Redis master-slave pairs evaluating other alternatives - Riak, Membase
35 Redis Intro Case 1: Monster World Case 2: Happy Hospital Discussion
36
37 Challenge expected peak load: concurrent users requests/second - mostly writes
38 Memory is the new Disk, Disk is the new Tape. Jim Gray
39 Idea use Redis as main database - excellent (write) performance - virtual memory for capacity
40 Idea use Redis as main database - excellent (write) performance - virtual memory for capacity no sharding = simple operations
41 Data Model user = single Redis hash - each entity stored in hash field (serialized to JSON)
42 Data Model user = single Redis hash - each entity stored in hash field (serialized to JSON) custom Ruby mapping layer ( Remodel )
43
44 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
45 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
46 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
47 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
48 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
49 u1 u1_pets p7 p u1 u1_pets { level : 4, xp : 241} [ p7, p8 ] { pet_type : Cat } { pet_type : Dog } { level : 1, xp : 22} [ p3 ]......
50 Virtual Memory server: 24 GB RAM, 500 GB disk - can only keep hot data in RAM
51 Virtual Memory server: 24 GB RAM, 500 GB disk - can only keep hot data in RAM 380 GB swap file - 50 mio. pages, 8 KB each
52 Dec 2010: Crisis memory usage growing fast
53 Dec 2010: Crisis memory usage growing fast cannot take snapshots any more - cannot start new slaves
54 Dec 2010: Crisis memory usage growing fast cannot take snapshots any more - cannot start new slaves random crashes
55 Analysis Redis virtual memory not compatible with: - persistence - replication
56 Analysis Redis virtual memory not compatible with: - persistence - replication need to implement our own!
57 Workaround dumper process - tracks active users - every 10 minutes, writes them into YAML file
58 ruby redis disk
59 ruby redis disk
60 ruby redis disk
61 ruby redis disk
62 ruby redis disk
63 Workaround in case of Redis crash - start with empty database - restore users on demand from YAML files
64 Real Solution Redis diskstore - keeps all data on disk - swaps data into memory as needed
65 Real Solution Redis diskstore - keeps all data on disk - swaps data into memory as needed under development (expected Q2)
66
67 Results average response time: 10 ms
68 Results average response time: 10 ms peak traffic: requests/second Redis ops/second
69 Current Status very happy with setup - simple, robust, fast - easy to operate still lots of spare capacity
70 Redis Intro Case 1: Monster World Case 2: Happy Hospital Discussion
71 Advantages order-of-magnitude performance improvement - removes main bottleneck - enables simple architecture
72 Disadvantages main challenge: durability - diskstore very promising
73 Disadvantages main challenge: durability - diskstore very promising no ad-hoc queries - think hard about data model - hybrid approach?
74 Conclusion Ruby + Redis = killer combo
75 Q & A
76 redis.io github.com/tlossen/remodel wooga.com/jobs
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