Oracle Database 11g: Backup and Recovery Workshop

Transcription

1 Oracle Database 11g: Backup and Recovery Workshop Student Guide D71862GC10 Edition 1.0 March 2011 D72508

2 Authors Donna Keesling James Spiller Technical Contributors and Reviewers Christopher D. Andrews Maria Billings Herbert Bradbury Timothy Chien Donna Cooksey Pascal Daniel Joe Fong Gerlinde Frenzen Mark Fuller Joel Goodman Uwe Hesse Dominique Jeunot Pete Jones Gwen Lazenby Deirdre Matishak Veerabhadra Rao Putrevu Ira Singer Hironori Susuta Branislav Valny Anthony Woodell Copyright 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This document contains proprietary information and is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. You may copy and print this document solely for your own use in an Oracle training course. The document may not be modified or altered in any way. Except where your use constitutes "fair use" under copyright law, you may not use, share, download, upload, copy, print, display, perform, reproduce, publish, license, post, transmit, or distribute this document in whole or in part without the express authorization of Oracle. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the document, please report them in writing to: Oracle University, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California USA. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Restricted Rights Notice If this documentation is delivered to the United States Government or anyone using the documentation on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS The U.S. Government s rights to use, modify, reproduce, release, perform, display, or disclose these training materials are restricted by the terms of the applicable Oracle license agreement and/or the applicable U.S. Government contract. Trademark Notice Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Publisher Sujatha Nagendra

3 Contents Preface 1 Introduction Objectives 1-2 Assessing Your Recovery Requirements First Step in Data Protection Planning 1-3 Assessing Your Recovery Requirements 1-5 Categories of Failure 1-6 Data Failures 1-7 Oracle Data Protection Solutions 1-8 Backup and Recovery Foundation Complete Oracle Solution from Disk to Tape 1-9 Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) Integrated Backup and Recovery Engine 1-10 Oracle Secure Backup Enterprise Tape Backup Management 1-11 Oracle Secure Backup Cloud Module Offsite Database Backups in the Cloud 1-12 Oracle Data Guard Overview 1-13 Physical Standby Database: Redo Apply Architecture 1-15 Logical Standby Database: SQL Apply Architecture 1-16 Oracle Active Data Guard 1-17 Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture Robust & Integrated Data Protection 1-18 Quiz 1-19 Summary 1-20 Practice 1-1 Overview: Exploring the Oracle Virtual Machine Environment Using Enterprise Manager and the RMAN Client Objectives 2-2 Using Enterprise Manager for Backup and Recovery Operations 2-3 Using the RMAN Client 2-4 Types of RMAN Commands 2-5 Job Commands: Example 2-6 Configuring Persistent Settings for RMAN 2-7 Viewing Persistent Settings 2-8 Managing Persistent Settings 2-9 Specifying a Retention Policy 2-10 Quiz 2-12 Summary 2-13 Practice 2-1 Overview: Configuring the Default Backup Destination 2-14 iii

4 Practice 2-2 Overview: Setting the Date and Time Format for RMAN 2-15 Practice 2-3 Overview: Enabling Control File and SPFILE Autobackups 2-16 Practice 2-4 Overview: Configuring Backup Retention Policy 2-17 Practice 2-5 Overview: Configuring Devices for Backup Configuring for Recoverability Objectives 3-2 Using a Fast Recovery Area 3-3 Configuring the Fast Recovery Area 3-5 Sizing the Fast Recovery Area (FRA) 3-7 Fast Recovery Area Space Management 3-9 Multiplexing Control Files 3-11 Control File Autobackups 3-12 Redo Log Files 3-14 Multiplexing the Redo Log 3-15 Creating Archived Redo Log Files 3-16 Configuring ARCHIVELOG Mode 3-17 Quiz 3-18 Summary 3-19 Practice 3-1 Overview: Configuring Control Files 3-20 Practice 3-2 Overview: Configuring the Fast Recovery Area 3-21 Practice 3-3 Overview: Configuring Redo Log Files 3-22 Practice 3-4 Overview: Configuring ARCHIVELOG Mode Using the RMAN Recovery Catalog Objectives 4-2 RMAN Repository Data Storage: Comparison of Options 4-3 Storing Information in the Recovery Catalog 4-4 Reasons to Use a Recovery Catalog 4-5 Creating the Recovery Catalog: Three Steps 4-7 Configuring the Recovery Catalog Database 4-8 Creating the Recovery Catalog Owner 4-9 Creating the Recovery Catalog 4-10 Managing Target Database Records in the Recovery Catalog 4-11 Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog 4-12 Unregistering a Target Database from the Recovery Catalog 4-14 Recovery Catalog Resynchronization: Concepts 4-15 Manually Resynchronizing the Recovery Catalog 4-17 Backing Up the Recovery Catalog 4-18 Creating and Using Virtual Private Catalogs 4-19 Quiz 4-20 iv

5 Summary 4-22 Practice 4-1 Overview: Creating the Recovery Catalog Owner 4-23 Practice 4-2 Overview: Creating the RMAN Recovery Catalog 4-24 Practice 4-3 Overview: Registering a Database in the Recovery Catalog 4-25 Practice 4-4 Overview: Configuring the Recovery Catalog for Recovery Backup Concepts and Strategies Objectives 5-2 Backup Solutions: Overview 5-3 Understanding Backup Terminology 5-4 Additional Backup Terminology 5-5 RMAN Backup Types 5-6 Configuring Backup and Restore for Very Large Files 5-8 Using a Media Manager 5-9 Balancing Backup and Restore Requirements 5-11 Using the FRA for Automatic Disk-to-Disk Backup and Recovery 5-13 Comparing Backup Strategies 5-14 Option 1: Full and Incremental Tape Backups 5-15 Option 2: Incrementally Updated Disk Backups 5-16 Option 3: Offload Backups to Physical Standby Database in Data Guard Environment 5-17 Data Warehouse Backup and Recovery: Best Practices 5-18 Quiz 5-19 Summary 5-21 Practice 5-1 Overview: Case Study: Developing a Backup Strategy 5-22 Practice 5-2 Overview: Creating a Backup Schedule 5-23 Practice 5-3 Overview: Backing Up the Recovery Catalog Creating Backups Objectives 6-2 Review: Oracle-Suggested Backup 6-3 Creating Backup Sets 6-4 Creating Image Copies 6-5 Incrementally Updated Backups 6-7 Incrementally Updated Backups: Example 6-8 Creating a Whole Database Backup 6-9 Backing Up Read-Only Tablespaces 6-11 Creating RMAN Multisection Backups 6-12 Checking for Block Corruption 6-13 Fast Incremental Backup 6-14 Enabling Fast Incremental Backup 6-16 v

6 Monitoring Block Change Tracking 6-17 Quiz 6-18 Creating Proxy Copies 6-19 Saving Backup Space with Unused Block Compression 6-20 Compressing Backups 6-21 Using RMAN Backup Compression 6-22 Quiz 6-24 RMAN-Encrypted Backups 6-26 Creating RMAN-Encrypted Backups 6-27 Using Transparent-Mode Encryption 6-28 Using Password-Mode Encryption 6-30 Using Dual-Mode Encryption 6-31 RMAN-Encrypted Backups: Considerations 6-32 Backing Up the Control File to a Trace File 6-33 Cataloging Additional Backup Files 6-34 Backing Up ASM Disk Group Metadata 6-36 Quiz 6-37 Summary 6-38 Practice 6-1 Overview: Configuring Block Change Tracking 6-39 Practice 6-2 Overview: Creating Incremental Backups 6-40 Practice 6-3 Overview: Backing Up Other Database Files 6-41 Practice 6-4 Overview: Backing Up ASM Metadata Restore and Recovery Concepts Objectives 7-2 Employing the Best Oracle Recovery Technology 7-3 Instance Failure 7-5 Understanding Instance Recovery 7-6 Phases of Instance Recovery 7-7 Tuning Instance Recovery 7-8 Using the MTTR Advisor 7-9 Media Failure 7-10 Complete Recovery Process 7-11 Point-in-Time Recovery Process 7-12 Quiz 7-14 Summary 7-17 Practice 7-1 Overview: Case Study: Determining Recovery Procedures 7-18 Practice 7-2 Overview: Performing Instance Recovery 7-19 vi

7 8 Using the Data Recovery Advisor Objectives 8-2 Data Recovery Advisor: Reducing Problem Diagnosis Time 8-3 Data Recovery Advisor: Overview 8-4 Using the Data Recovery Advisor 8-5 Data Recovery Advisor: RMAN Command-Line Interface 8-6 Data Recovery Advisor: Enterprise Manager Interface 8-7 Listing Data Failures 8-8 Advising on Repair 8-9 Quiz 8-10 Summary 8-11 Practice 8-1 Overview: Using Data Recovery Advisor to Repair Corrupted Blocks 8-12 Practice 8-2 Overview: Diagnosing and Recovering from Database Failure Performing Recovery Objectives 9-2 Understanding File Loss 9-3 Ensuring Backups are Available 9-4 Performing Restore and Recovery of a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 9-5 Using Incremental Backups to Recover a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 9-6 Performing Complete Recovery: Loss of a Noncritical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 9-7 Performing Complete Recovery: Loss of a System-Critical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 9-8 Recovering from a Lost Index Tablespace 9-9 Quiz 9-10 Restoring ASM Disk Groups 9-12 Restoring ASM Disk Groups: Examples 9-13 Automatic Tempfile Recovery 9-14 Performing a Fast Switch to Image Copies 9-16 Using SET NEWNAME for Switching Files 9-17 Performing Point-in-Time Recovery 9-18 Loss of a Control File 9-20 Recovering from the Loss of All Control File Copies: Overview 9-21 Recovering the Control File to the Default Location 9-22 Performing Recovery with a Backup Control File 9-23 Quiz 9-24 Loss of a Redo Log File 9-25 Re-creating a Password Authentication File 9-27 vii

8 Recovery from Loss of Server Parameter File 9-29 Restoring the Server Parameter File from the Control File Autobackup 9-30 Restoring the Control File from Autobackup 9-31 Restoring Encrypted Backups 9-33 Block Media Recovery 9-34 Prerequisites for Block Media Recovery 9-35 Recovering Individual Blocks 9-36 Automatic Block Repair: Primary Database 9-37 Automatic Block Repair: Physical Standby Database 9-38 Quiz 9-39 Summary 9-40 Practice 9-1 Overview: Recovering from Media Failure (Complete Recovery) 9-41 Practice 9-2 Overview: Recovering from Media Failure (Incomplete Recovery) 9-42 Practice 9-3 Overview: Restoring the Parameter File 9-43 Practice 9-4 Overview: Restoring the Control File 9-44 Practice 9-5 Overview: Recovering from the Loss of All Control Files 9-45 Practice 9-6 Overview: Restoring the Password File 9-46 Practice 9-7 Overview: Recovering a Tempfile 9-47 Practice 9-8 Overview: Creating Encrypted Backups 9-48 Practice 9-9 Overview: Recovering by Using an Encrypted Backup 9-49 Practice 9-10 Overview: Recovering an Encryption Wallet Flashback Technologies Objectives 10-2 Flashback Technologies Error Detection and Correction 10-3 Flashback Technology 10-4 Preparing Your Database for Flashback 10-7 Guaranteeing Undo Retention 10-9 Using Flashback Data Archive Creating a Flashback Data Archive and Enabling Archiving Using Flashback Technology to Query Data Flashback Query Flashback Version Query Flashback Version Query: Considerations Flashback Table: Overview Flashback Table Performing Flashback Table Flashback Table: Considerations Flashback Transaction Query Using Enterprise Manager to Perform Flashback Transaction Query Flashback Transaction Query: Considerations viii

9 Flashback Transaction Flashing Back a Transaction Completing the Flashback Transaction Operation Best Practices: Undo-based Flashback Flashback Query, Flashback Table Flashback Drop and the Recycle Bin Quiz Summary Practice 10-1 Overview: Preparing to Use Flashback Technologies Practice 10-2 Overview: Restoring a Dropped Table Practice 10-3 Overview: Using Flashback Table Flashback Database Objectives 11-2 Flashback Database: Continuous Data Protection 11-3 Flashback Database 11-4 Flashback Database Architecture 11-5 Configuring Flashback Database 11-6 Flashback Database: Examples 11-7 Flashback Database Considerations 11-8 Monitoring Flashback Database Information 11-9 Using Enterprise Manager to Monitor Flashback Database Information Guaranteed Restore Points Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points Best Practices: Flashback Database Quiz Summary Practice 11-1 Overview: Configuring Flashback Database Practice 11-2 Overview: Using Flashback Database Practice 11-3 Overview: Preparing Your System for the Workshop RMAN Performance and Tuning Objectives 12-2 Using Dynamic Views to Diagnose RMAN Performance 12-3 Monitoring RMAN Job Progress 12-4 Identifying Backup and Restore Bottlenecks 12-6 Asynchronous I/O Bottlenecks 12-7 Synchronous I/O Bottlenecks 12-8 Tuning RMAN Backup Performance 12-9 Setting LARGE_POOL_SIZE RMAN Multiplexing Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks ix

10 Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks: Read Phase Diagnosing Performance Bottlenecks: Write or Copy Phase Restore and Recovery Performance: Best Practices Quiz Summary Workshop Overview Objectives 13-2 Workshop Structure and Approach 13-3 Business Requirements for the Workshop Database 13-5 Diagnosing the Failures 13-6 Summary 13-7 x