Practical Model-based Testing With Papyrus and RT-Tester
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1 Practical Model-based Testing With Papyrus and RT-Tester Jan Peleska and Wen-ling Huang University of Bremen Verified Systems International GmbH Fourth Halmstad Summer School on Testing,
2 Acknowledgements. This presentation has been elaborated in the context of the EU FP7 COMPASS project under grant agreement no
3 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
4 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
5 Our MBT Approach Instead of writing test procedures, develop a test model specifying expected behaviour of SUT the first MBT variant use generator to identify relevant test cases from the model and calculate concrete test data generate test procedures fully automatic perform tracing requirements test cases in a fully automatic way
6 MBT-Paradigm Model Is a partial description of System Are derived from can be run against Abstract Tests Are abstract versions of Executable Tests
7 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
8 Papyrus Modelling with EMF-based formalisms EMF Eclipse Modelling Framework Papyrus provides UML, SysML, DSL support Open source free to use
9 SysML Block definition diagrams Internal block diagrams Item flows State machines with timers Operations Requirements <<satisfy>> relationship between requirements and model elements
10 Case Studies With SysML Simplified version of the turn indication and emergency flashing function in Daimler vehicles Full model available under Benchmarks! Turn Indicator Model Rev. 1.4
11 Case Studies With SysML New model available: the Ceiling Speed Monitor of the ETCS (European Train Control System) Full model available under Benchmarks! openetcs/ceiling-speed-monitoring
12 Model Introduction With Papyrus System interface block diagram Requirements System Under Test internal block diagram Further decompositions internal block diagrams and block references Behaviour associated with block leaves state machines and operations
13 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
14 RT-Tester Internals Further reading. Industrial-Strength Model-Based Testing - State of the Art and Current Challenges. In Petrenko, Alexander K. and Schlingloff, Holger (eds.): Proceedings Eighth Workshop on Model-Based Testing, Rome, Italy, 17th March 2013, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 111, pp (2013). DOI: /EPTCS.111.1
15 Reference Tool RT-Tester Supports all test levels from unit to system integration testing Software tests and hardware-in-theloop tests Test projects may combine handwritten test procedures with automatically generated procedures The tool capabilities are presented here to stimulate benchmarking activities
16 Eclipse Papyrus RT-Tester Integration Your Laptop Client Server Eclipse Papyrus Plugin RT-Tester RT-Tester Plugin MBT Server
17 Eclipse Papyrus RT-Tester Integration Your Laptop Client Server Eclipse Free Papyrus Plugin RT-Tester RT-Tester Free Plugin for academic use MBT Server Server located at University of Bremen
18 Tool Components and Data Structures Modelling Tool Model (XMI) RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Test Case Generator RT-Tester IMR (AST) Transition Relation Generator Test Case- Specific Goal Transition Relation SMT-Solver SONOLAR Model State Abstractions Concrete Test Data Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
19 Tool Components and Data Structures Modelling Tool Model (XMI) RT-Tester Model Parser Modelling Tool Model Transformers Test Case Generator Test Case- Specific Goal UML/SysML subset Transition Relation RT-Tester IMR (AST) Enterprise Generator Architect Artisan Studio Rhapsody Transition Relation SMT-Solver SONOLAR Papyrus! Model State Abstractions Concrete Interpreter Concrete Test Data Test Procedure Generator Alternatively: DSL MetaEdit+ Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
20 Modelling Tool Model (XMI) RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Test Case Generator Parser Front Ends RT-Tester IMR (AST) Transition Relation Generator transform model Test Caserepresentations Specific Goal in XMI Transition Relation format into abstract SMT-Solver SONOLAR syntax tree Model State Abstractions AST = Internal Model Representation IMR Concrete Interpreter Concrete Test Data Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
21 Modelling Tool Model (XMI) RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Test Case Generator RT-Tester IMR (AST) Transition Relation Generator Model Transformers provide Test Case- Specific Goal alternative AST representations Transition Relation Cone of influence reduction SMT-Solver SONOLAR Test oracles Equivalence Model State class Concrete abstraction Test Data Abstractions Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
22 Modelling Tool Model (XMI) RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Test Case Generator RT-Tester IMR (AST) Transition Relation Generator Test Case Generator identifies relevant test cases Test Case- Specific Goal Transition Relation uses ASTs as identification basis SMT-Solver SONOLAR exploits traceability information from requirements Concrete to Test Data model elements encodes test case goals as propositions Model State Abstractions Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter G(s 0,s 1,...,s c ) RT-Tester Test Procedure
23 Modelling Tool Transition Relation Generator Model (XMI) encodes operational semantics of the model by relating pre-states to post states Test Case Generator RT-Tester Model Parser RT-Tester IMR (AST) Model Transformers Transition Relation Generator (s, s 0 ) Test Case- Specific Goal Transition Relation SMT-Solver SONOLAR Model State Abstractions Concrete Test Data Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
24 Modelling Tool SMT-Solver calculates solution of test Model (XMI) goals which are compatible with the transition relation J(s 0 ) ^ n^ Test Case- Specific Goal RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Transition Relation Test Case Generator (s i,s i+1 RT-Tester ) ^ G(s IMR (AST) 0,...,s n+1 ) Generator i=0 Transition Relation SMT-Solver SONOLAR Model State Abstractions Concrete Test Data Can handle Concrete Interpreter Abstract Interpreter Test Procedure Generator RT-Tester Test Procedure Boolean, Integer, Float, Array data types
25 Modelling Tool Concrete interpreter executes the model from Model current (XMI) pre-state with the input data calculated by the solver RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers Test Case Generator RT-Tester IMR (AST) Transition Relation Generator Test Case- Specific Goal Transition Relation SMT-Solver SONOLAR Model State Abstractions Concrete Test Data Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
26 Modelling Tool Abstract interpreter Model (XMI) speeds up SMT-solver by calculating RT-Tester minimal Model Parser number Model of Transformers steps required for finding solutions Transition Relation RT-Tester IMR (AST) restricting the ranges of inputs Generator and other model variables in traces leading Test Case Generator Test Case- Specific Goal to a solution of Transition Relation Model State Abstractions J(s 0 ) ^ n^ i=0 SMT-Solver SONOLAR (s i,s i+1 ) ^ G(s 0,...,s n+1 ) Concrete Test Data Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
27 Modelling Tool Model (XMI) Test Procedure Generator RT-Tester Model Parser Model Transformers is a compile back-end for transforming test case solutions to executable Transition Relation test Test Case Generator RT-Tester IMR (AST) Generator procedures Test Case- Specific provides Goal different compile back-ends Transition Relation for RT-Tester Real-Time Test Language, SMT-Solver SONOLAR PROVEtech:TA, and TTCN-3 Model State Abstractions Concrete Test Data Concrete Interpreter Test Procedure Generator Abstract Interpreter RT-Tester Test Procedure
28 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
29 Model Semantics Based on Kripke Structures Equivalent to alternative operational semantics based on labelled transition systems K =(S, S 0,R,L) S : State space S 0 S : Initial states R S S : Transition relation L : S! 2 AP : Labelling function AP : Atomic propositions
30 Requirements Each requirement is reflected by set of model computations = s 0.s 1.s 2... Computation sets can be characterised by Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) G : Globally holds on path X : In the next state on path, formula holds. F : Finally holds on path U : F and holds on path until is fulfilled
31 Requirements Tracing Complex Requirements Computations contributing to complex requirements require full LTL expressions Insert LTL formula in constraint Link constraint to requirement via <<satisfy>> relation
32 Test Cases Test cases are finite witnesses of model computations Trace = finite prefix of a computation If computation satisfies LTL formula associated with a requirement, trace prefixes must at least not violate this formula Some formulas can only be verified on an infinite computation (liveness formulas, e.g. fairness properties) But these properties can only be partially verified by testing
33 Test Data Computation LTL formulas interpreted on finite traces can be transformed into first order expressions n^ tc J(s 0 ) ^ (s i,s i+1 ) ^ G(s 0,...,s n+1 ) i=0 Recall. These formulas can be solved by an SMT solver
34 Model Coverage Strategies Strategies currently realised in RT-Tester Basic control state coverage Transition coverage MC/DC coverage Hierarchic transition coverage Equivalence class and boundary value coverage Basic control state pairs coverage Interface coverage (under construction) Block coverage (under construction) Equivalence class partitioning (under construction)
35 Overview Model-based testing Test Modelling With Papyrus Model-based Testing With RT-Tester Requirements, test cases, procedures, results, and Traceability Demonstration and Practical Exercises
36 Test Generation Context and Test Execution Context Test generation context. Configure the test procedure to be generated Test execution context. Execute the test procedure against the system under test
37 Work Flow Create the test model (Papyrus perspective) Create RT-Tester project (RT-Tester perspective) Import model to RT-Tester project Configure and create initial test procedure model-coverage approach Configuration file Signal map Analyse signal flow
38 Work Flow Optional: create a simulation Compile and run test procedure Replay test procedure Analyse requirements and test cases Create new generation context Allocate test cases to procedure to be generated
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