Performance Isolation in Multi- Tenant Relational Database-asa-Service. Sudipto Das (Microsoft Research)
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1 Performance Isolation in Multi- Tenant Relational Database-asa-Service Sudipto Das (Microsoft Research)
2 CREATE DATABASE CREATE TABLE SELECT... INSERT UPDATE SELECT * FROM FOO WHERE
3
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5 App1 App2 App3 App1 App2 App3 App1 App2 App3 AA 1 AA 2 AA 3 Application OS OS OS OS OS OS Hardware Hardware Hardware Hardware Tenant 1 Tenant 2 Tenant 3 Stronger Isolation Higher Consolidation
6 shared Major concern affected Machine in cluster Database server process Tenant1 database Tenant2 database Tenant2 Application
7 Throughput (qps) Other tenant workloads start Tenant of interest Time
8 want unaffected other queries/sec query latency vastly different amounts of resources WHERE Country= Honduras China rich support for SQL Even ad-hoc queries
9 Database server process (25% CPU utilization, 4GB RAM) Tenant1 database 100 IOPS Tenant is promised minimum reservation of DBMS resources Logical resource container inside DBMS process CPU utilization, IOPS, Memory, Resource governance Fine-grained dynamic resource scheduling mechanisms for CPU, I/O, memory Targeted towards requirements of multi-tenancy Metering (auditing) Monitor actual and promised resources for tenant Determine violations
10 isolation consolidation Accountability overbook resources
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12 Throughput (qps) Other tenant workloads start Tenant of interest Time
13 CPU Utilization (%) Disk reads / sec (IOPS) Throughput (qps) Latency (ms) Other tenant workloads start Tenant of interest Time Time Time Time
14 CPU Utilization (%) Disk reads / sec (IOPS) Throughput (qps) Latency (ms) Other tenant workloads start Tenant of interest Time Time Time Time
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17 VLDB 2014
18 Reservation of CPU utilization at the server Client-facing abstractions may vary Tenant1 Tenant2 without any knowledge of workload Low latency Non-preemptive scheduling Flexible provider-enforced policies
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20 CPU utilization % T 1 : Dell DVD benchmark (OLTP) Min=20%, Max=20% T 2 : TPC-H (Data warehousing) Min=30%, Max=30% T 3 : Very short CPU bursts (CPU Loop) Min=40%, Max=40% T 3 : CPU Loop Min = 40, Max = 40 T 2 : DSS Min = 30, Max = 30 Time T 1 : OLTP Min = 20, Max = 20 Sharing scheduling opportunities in proportion of MinCPU
21 Deficit largest deficit (d i ) Key idea:
22 MinCPU 1 = MaxCPU 1 = 50% MinCPU 2 = MaxCPU 2 = 25% d i = MinCPU i CurCPU i MinCPU i T 1 s quantum 4X that of T 2 d 1 d 2 (50 0) 50 (25 0) 25 = 1 = 1 (50 0) 50 (25 100) 25 = 1 = 3 (50 80) 50 (25 20) 25 = 0. 6 = 1 ( ) 50 ( ) 25 = = (50 50) 50 (25 25) 25 = 0 = 0 T 2 T 1 Guarantees minimum CPU Sharing at a fine time granularity results in better latency response
23 CPU utilization % CPU utilization % T 1 : Dell DVD benchmark (OLTP) T 2 : TPC-H (Data warehousing) T 3 : CPU intensive (very short queries) T 3 : CPU Loop Min = 40, Max = 40 T 2 : DSS Min = 30, Max = 30 Time T 1 : OLTP Min = 20, Max = T 3 : CPU Loop Min = 40, Max = 40 T 2 : DSS Min = 30, Max = 30 Time T 1 : OLTP Min = 20, Max = 20
24 Guarantees minimum CPU Global reservations Dynamic priority work-conserving scheduler Additional policies by adapting the definition of deficit
25 insufficient demand provider not adequately allocating resources Intuition delaying metering interval Numerator: Denominator: Violation if and only if CPU i Eff < MinCPUi
26 Meets reservations excellent performance isolation
27 Deficit Round Robin (DRR) same deficit formula Round robin scheduling Earliest Deadline First (EDF) (MinCPU i CurCPU i ) Different deficit formula greedy similar
28 99th Perc Latency (ms) Eight tenants LDF DRR EDF No Res T 8 : 25% 85% capacity reservation CPU-IO benchmark eight bully workloads: 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Number of Bullies
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30 100 IOPS 50 IOPS Tenant1 Application Machine in cluster Tenant2 Application SQL Server process Capacity: 200 IOPS Tenant1 database Tenant2 database
31 Promised IOPS not achieved Metering interval (e.g. 1 sec) Promised: 100 IOPS Achieved: 80 IOPS Insufficient workload Sufficient workload, but system unable to meet promise Burst of 200 I/Os arrive Each I/O request: Deadline, Actual Issue 50 I/Os 100 I/Os 50 I/Os
32 Tenant1 Application Machine in cluster SQL Server process Tenant2 Application Tenant1 database 2GB Tenant2 database 4 GB
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34 M S L Telemetry Outputs: Scaling action, scaling explanation... Auto-scaling Solution Inputs: Cost budget, container size ranges Performance goals, sensitivity...
35 MinIOPS 1 : 150 MinIOPS 2 : 125 Tenant1 Application Tenant2 Application Capacity: 200 IOPS Tenant1 database Node DBMS Tenant2 database
36 Multi-tenancy performance service tiers SQLVM Microsoft Research
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