Database &.NET Basics: Take what you know about SQL and apply that to SOQL, SOSL, and DML in Apex.

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1 Database &.NET Basics: Take what you know about SQL and apply that to SOQL, SOSL, and DML in Apex. Unit 1: Moving from SQL to SOQL SQL & SOQL Similar but Not the Same: The first thing to know is that although they re both called query languages, SOQL is used only to perform queries with the SELECT statement. SOQL has no equivalent INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. In the Salesforce world, data manipulation is handled using a set of methods known as DML (Data Manipulation Language). We ll talk more about DML shortly. For now, you just need to know how to query Salesforce data using the SELECT statement that SOQL provides. One big difference you ll notice right away is that SOQL has no such thing as SELECT *. SOQL has no equivalent JOIN clause. A Different Kind of Join SOQL has two basic relationship query types that you need to remember: 1.Child-to-parent: SELECT FirstName, LastName, Account.Name FROM Contact 2.Parent-to-children: SELECT Name, (Select FirstName, LastName FROM Contacts) FROM Account What About Aggregates? Yep, SOQL has aggregates, and they work pretty much the way you expect them to. Well, kind of. The big thing to be aware of when working with aggregates is that for most functions your result is returned as an AggregateResult type. SOQL aggregate functions: AVG(),COUNT(),MIN(),MAX(),SUM().

2 1. Important differences between SQL and SOQL include A. You use SOQL only to perform queries using the SELECT statement. B. SOQL is object based, while SQL is record based. C. 'SELECT *' is not supported in SOQL. D. INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements are not supported in SOQL. E. All of the above 2. What types of joins does SOQL support? A. SOQL supports only outer joins using the JOIN keyword. B. SOQL supports only inner joins using the JOIN keyword. C. SOQL supports both inner and outer joins using the JOIN keyword. D. SOQL does not support the JOIN keyword. 3. Which of the following is a Child-to-Parent query that returns a contact's first name, last name and account name? A. SELECT FirstName, LastName, Account['Name'] FROM Contact B. SELECT FirstName, LastName, (SELECT Name FROM Account) FROM Contact C. SELECT FirstName, LastName, Account.Name FROM Contact JOIN Account D. SELECT FirstName, LastName, Account.Name FROM Contact 4. Which of the following is a Parent-to-Children query that returns an account's name and the first and last names of all associated contacts? A. SELECT Name, (Select FirstName, LastName FROM Contacts) FROM Account B. SELECT Name, (Select FirstName, LastName FROM Contact) FROM Account C. SELECT Name, FirstName, LastName FROM Account JOIN Contacts D. SELECT Name, Contact.FirstName, Contact.LastName FROM Account 5. Most SOQL aggregate functions typically return: A. A Boolean result type B. An AggregateResult type C. Only Primitive data types D. SOQL records Unit 2: Writing SOSL Queries: What Is SOSL?

3 In the last unit you were introduced to SOQL, and you learned how you can use it to query data in sobjects and their related tables. To perform text-based queries across multiple sobjects, you can use SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language), Salesforce s option for full-text searching. Building a SOSL Query: FIND grand* IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Account(Name), Contact(LastName, FirstName, ) FIND Clause with Search Term: The FIND clause is required. It s what makes the SOSL search unique. FIND is followed by whatever search term you re looking for, whether it s a single word or phrase. In this case, it s the word grand. You can also include wildcard characters, which our example does, such as these two: * matches zero or more characters at the middle or end of the search term? matches only one character at the middle or end of the search term IN Clause: Use the IN clause to specify a search group. It tells Salesforce which fields to search. In the example above, we specified ALL FIELDS. RETURNING Clause: You use the RETURNING clause to specify which data to return and which objects to search. In the example above, we returned the Name field from Account and the Lastname, FirstName and fields from Contact. SOQL or SOSL? Which one do you use? If you need data from a single object and you know specifically know the criteria for that object, you ll most likely want to use SOQL. SOSL is most useful when you don t know the exact fields and objects that your data resides in, and you need to search across multiple objects. This is especially true when those objects aren t related because SOQL works only with related objects. 1. If you use SOSL to perform text-based queries across multiple sobjects, you must:

4 A. Install and configure Lucene B. Maintain indexes C. Define ACLs and roles D. None of the above 2. Which one of the following is NOT part of the SOSL syntax? A. FIND clause B. IN clause C. RETURNING clause D. SANTA clause 3. When would you typically use SOSL over SOQL? A. If you need data from a single object, and you know the criteria for that object B. If the data has been recently inserted and not yet indexed C. When you want to return all records regardless of execution governors and limits D. If you do not know the exact fields and objects in which your data resides 4. Which of the following searches specific fields for 'cloudy' returning Contact and Lead records? A. FIND {cloudy} IN NAME FIELDS RETURNING Contact(LastName, FirstName, ), Lead(Name, ) B. FIND {cloudy} IN NAME FIELDS RETURNING Contact.LastName, Contact.FirstName, Contact. , Lead.NameName, Lead. C. FIND {cloudy} IN TEXT FIELDS RETURNING Contact.LastName, Contact.FirstName, Contact. , Lead.NameName, Lead. D. FIND {cloudy} IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Contact(LastName, FirstName, ), Lead(Name, ) Unit 3: Writing Efficient Queries: Building Selective Queries: For all standard and custom tables, certain fields are automatically flagged to be indexed. These fields include the following: Id, Name, OwnerId, CreatedDate, SystemModStamp, RecordType, Master-Detail Fields, Lookup Fields, Unique Fields, External ID Fields. Index Selectivity Exceptions:

5 Querying for null rows Queries that look for records in which the field is empty or null. For example: SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Custom_Field c = null Negative filter operators Using operators such as!=, NOT LIKE, or EXCLUDES in your queries. For example: SELECT CaseNumber FROM Case WHERE Status!= New Leading wildcards Queries that use a leading wildcard, such as this: SELECT Id, LastName, FirstName FROM Contact WHERE LastName LIKE %smi% Text fields with comparison operators Using comparison operators, such as >, <, >=, or <=, with text-based fields. For example: SELECT AccountId, Amount FROM Opportunity WHERE Order_Number c > Which of the following fields are automatically indexed for selective queries? A. CreatedDate B. Name C. RecordType D. External ID Fields E. All of the above 2. When building selective queries always strive to avoid: A. Querying for null rows B. Using text fields with comparison operators C. Querying with LIKE operators D. A and B E. A and C Unit 4: Manipulating Records with DML: What Is DML? As you learned in the first unit, Salesforce uses SOQL to query data, but when it comes to managing the data, DML is used instead. DML Statements:

6 Available DML statements are : Insert Update Upsert Delete Undelete merge Two Ways to Execute DML: In Apex, you can execute DML statements in two ways. Using the statement itself: You ve already seen this method in the unit on SOSL in which we inserted Account and Contact data. This method is the easiest way. Using Database class methods: The advantage of using the Database class method is that you have access to the optional all Or None parameter to specify whether the operation can partially succeed. 1. Which of the following is NOT a valid DML statement? A. upsert B. merge C. unmerge D. delete E. undelete 2. The main difference between DML statements and database methods are: A. DML statements are typically faster for indexed operations. B. DML statements return an array of results for each record for success or failure. C. Database methods allow you to specify to not throw errors. D. Database methods allow you to specify whether the operation can partially succeed.

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