Enabling Flexibility in Process-aware Information Systems
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1 Enabling Flexibility in Process-aware Information Systems Manfred Reichert 14 June 2011 FutureSOC Prof Dr Manfred Reichert
2 Page 2 Agenda Motivation Process-Aware Information System (PAIS) PAIS Flexibility Support Comparison of Different PAIS Flexibility Frameworks A new Project: C 3 Pro Conclusions
3 Page 3 Motivation Current Situation in many Companies users interact with monolithic, function-oriented application systems processes only in the users minds with only partial knowledge of the process
4 Page 4 Motivation SOC Paradigm loosely-coupled application services
5 Page 5 Motivation SOC Paradigm loosely-coupled application services S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12
6 Page 6 Motivation SOC Paradigm loosely-coupled application services service composition based on process models model execution driven by a process-aware information system Process-aware Information System S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12
7 Page 7 Motivation SOC Goals improved process quality increased flexibility Process-aware Information System S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12
8 Page 8 Process-Aware Information System (PAIS) Process Schema S Patient Admission Anamnesis & Clinical Examination x X-ray Non Operative Therapy Non Operative Therapy 1 x Discharge & Documentation x + Activity XOR-Split/Join AND-Split/Join clinicalsuspicionof CruciateRupture = Yes MRT + + Sonography x Initial Treatment & Operation Planning cruciaterupture = Yes and operationindicated = Yes Operative Treatmentt x Process Instance I1 x + + x x x Execution Trace: σ 1 = < Patient Admission, Anamnesis & Clinical Examination, X-ray > Process Instance I2 x + + x x x Execution Trace: σ 2 = < Patient Admission, Anamnesis & Clinical Examination, Non Operative Therapy > Activity States: Activated Completed Skipped
9 Page 9 Process-Aware Information System (PAIS) Process-aware Information System (PAIS) Late Modeling Web Clnt API Admin API Msg Queuing Instance 4 Instance 3 Instance 2 Instance 1 Validatíon Process Execution Engine Instance 6 Instance 5 Modeling API Authorization Instance 11 Instance 10 Instance 9 Instance 8 Instance 7 Dyn Change API Time Mgmt Exceptions Audit Trail Instance 14 Instance 13 Instance 12 Process Composer Create Process Schema Modify Process Schema Check Process Schema Process Repository Application Component s Process Schemas Anwendungen / Application Server Users Process Engineer
10 Page 10 Processes in the Wild World: Business processes can be very large and complex Thousands of concurrently executed process instances High need for configuration, flexibility and evolution Feedback and learning from real process executions PAIS correctness and robustness are fundamental Example of an Automotive Engineering Process Healthcare Process Process-Aware Information System (PAIS) Product Change Management
11 Page 11 PAIS Flexibility Support Different Perspectives on Process Flexibility Design Time Flexibility Run-time Flexibility? How to quickly implement and configure processes with some built-in flexibility? How to deal with uncertainty and exceptional situations?
12 Page 12 PAIS Flexibility Support? Ad-hoc Changes at the Process Instance Level Adding new Tasks Deleting Tasks Shifting Task Orders for running process instances!
13 Page 13 PAIS Flexibility Support: Ad-hoc Changes The ADEPT Approach: Process-Aware Information System Individually adaptable Process Instances Process 4 Process 3 Process 2 Process 6 Process 1 Process 5 Process 11 Process 10 Process 9 Process 8 Process 7 Process 14 Process 13 Process 12
14 Page 14 PAIS Flexibility Support: Ad-hoc Changes The ADEPT Approach: Process-Aware Information System Individually adaptable Process Instances Process 4 Process 3 Process 2 Process 1 Process 6 Process 5 Process 11 Process 10 Process 9 Process 8 Process 7 Process 14 Process 13 Process 12 Achievements: - Formal process meta model (expressive + restricted enough) - Formal Criteria for Change Correctness (incl Theorems & Proofs") - Efficient, build-in consistency checks (no bad surprise!) - Support of a high number of change patterns - API for accomplishing ad-hoc changes
15 Page 15 PAIS Flexibility Support: Tracing Changes Original Schema S Instance 4711 A B C Activity Event User Timestamp Instance Started Garry 2007/09/08 15:00 A Started Garry 2007/09/08 15:30 A Completed Garry 2007/09/08 15:45 B Started Helen 2007/09/10 11:00 X Started Fritz 2007/09/11 09:01 Change Log Instance 4711 on Schema S Change TX Applied Changes : User:Timestamp 001 InsertFragment[S;X,A,C]:Helen:2007/09/10 12: ReplaceFragment(S;C,Z):Jim:2007/09/11 09:31 Process Instance /09/10 11: /09/10 13: /09/11 10:00 A B C A B Helen C A B Helen Z Garry Helen Garry X Garry X Fritz
16 Page 16 PAIS Flexibility Support: Mining Changes
17 Page 17 PAIS Flexibility Support: Mining Changes Biases after process evolution I1: 30% I2: 15% I3: 20% I4: 20% σ'1 =< Move (S, E, A, D) > σ'2 =< Move (S, D, B, C), Move (S, E, B, C) > σ'3 =< Move (S, C, A, B) > σ'4 =< Move (S, C, B, E) > I5: 8% I6: 7% σ'5 =<Delete (S, C) > σ'6 =<Delete (S, B)> Average weighted distance: 115 change/ instance
18 Page 18 PAIS Flexibility Support: Schema Evolution ADEPT Process Management System Std Client APIWeb Clnt APIModeling API Dyn Change API Admin API Role Mgmt Authorization Time Mgmt Msg Queuing Recovery Audit Trail Process 4 Process 3 Process 2 Process 1 Process Execution Engine Process 6 Process 5 Process 11 Process 10 Process 9 Process 8 Process 7 Process 14 Process 13 Process 12 ADEPT Process Composer Create Process Template Modify Process Template Check Process Template Repository Process Application Templates Components Anwendungen / Application Server Users 4377 instances can be automatically migrated 1117 instances have proceeded too far 123 instances cannot be automatically migrated Process Designer / Process Administrator
19 Page 19 PAIS Flexibility Support: Schema Evolution Schema S: confirm order pack goods S make invoice invoice pack goods confirm order send invoice get order collect data deliver goods compose order get order collect data compose order deliver goods I 1 : migrate I 2 : migrate I n : Instance not compliant with S
20 Page 20 PAIS Flexibility Support: Integrated Lifecycle Support Schema S : B Schema S: A x C B x A x D C x E D Process engineer / Process administrator Process Monitoring Execution Log Change Log Create Instances Change Propagation Instance I 1 Instance I 1 B Instance I 1 B A x CB x E A x C x E A x C x E D D D Process Execution Instancespecific Change Exception: Delete (I 1, E) Arbeitsliste Tätigkeit 1 Tätigkeit 2 Tätigkeit 3 Tätigkeit 4 Process participant
21 Page 21 PAIS Flexibility Support: Not as easy as it looks like at first glance (Formal) Process Meta Model Process Fragment Composition Process Type Changes Architecture And Implementation Ad-hoc Changes Response Times Propagation of Process Type Changes User Interface / API Transactional Support / Semantic Rollback Support of Temporal Constraints Efficient Execution Componentorientied Software Development Scalability / Distributed Process Mgmt
22 Page 22 PAIS Flexibility Support: Not as easy as it looks like at first glance (Formal) Process Meta Model Process Fragment Composition Process Type Changes Architecture And Implementation Ad-hoc Changes Response Times Propagation of Process Type Changes User Interface / API Transactional Support / Semantic Rollback Support of Temporal Constraints Efficient Execution Componentorientied Software Development Scalability / Distributed Process Mgmt
23 Page 23 PAIS Flexibility Support: Not as easy as it looks like at first glance (Formal) Process Meta Model Process Fragment Composition Process Type Changes Architecture And Implementation Ad-hoc Changes Response Times Propagation of Process Type Changes User Interface / API Transactional Support / Semantic Rollback Support of Temporal Constraints Efficient Execution Componentorientied Software Development Scalability / Distributed Process Mgmt
24 Page 24 PAIS Flexibility Support: Experts like our ADEPT Framework
25 Page 25 PAIS Flexibility Support: Technology Transfer Transfer of the ADEPT Technology to Practice AristaFlow BPM Suite wwwaristaflow-forumde
26 Page 26 Comparison of Different PAIS Flexibility Frameworks Ability to deal with process changes is among the critical success factors for any process-aware information system (Mutschler et al 2008) Several competing approaches to foster flexibility in process-aware information systems Adaptive workflows (eg, Reichert & Dadam 1998) Case handling (eg, van der Aalst et al 2005) Declarative processes (eg, Pesic et al 2007) Late binding / Late Modeling (eg, Sadiq et al 2001) Lack of methods for a systematic comparison
27 Page 27 Comparison of Different PAIS Flexibility Frameworks Change Patterns
28 Page 28 Comparison of Different PAIS Flexibility Frameworks Patterns for Decision Deferral High Need for User Experience Low Process model can contain Specification Number placeholders needs of activity to be whose instances content is completed can be selected specified before during at run-time execution can start Traditional Workflow Multi-instance Activities Late Binding Late Modeling Late Composition Process model is iteratively composed Process model during can run-time contain considering placeholders existing whose constraints content is modeled during run-time Low Degree of Decision Deferral High
29 Page 29 Comparison of Different PAIS Flexibility Frameworks Change Support Features Schema Evolution, Version Control and Instance Migration Support for Instance-Specific Changes Correctness of Changes Traceability and Analysis of Changes Access Control of Changes Change Reuse Change Concurrency Control Refactoring Support for Process Models
30 Page 30 A new Project: C 3 Pro
31 Page 31 A new Project: C 3 Pro
32 Page 32 A new Project: C 3 Pro
33 Page 33 A new Project: C 3 Pro
34 Page 34 A new Project: C 3 Pro
35 Page 35 A new Project: C 3 Pro
36 Page 36 A new Project: C 3 Pro
37 Page 37 A new Project: C 3 Pro
38 Page 38 Current Projects: C 3 Pro
39 Page 39 Current Projects: C 3 Pro
40 Page 40 Current Projects: C 3 Pro???????????
41 Page 41 Our Project Portfolio Provop ADEPT ATAPIS ADEPT ADEPTevolution Corepro MinAdept Proviado ProCycle SeaFlows, C3Pro MoDe4SLA PHILharmonicFlow Q-Advice nipro proview AristaFlow ADEPTdistribution Qube SustainHub, PROCEED nipro MARPLE C3Pro MARPLE ENPROSO AristaFlow
42 Page 42 New Book on PAIS Flexibility
43 Page 43 My team Markus Hipp Ulrich Kreher Vera Künzle Mathias Lohrmann Gregor Grambow Bernd Michelberger Julian Tiedeken Stephan Buchwald Jens Kolb Andreas Lanz Nicolas Mundbrod Rüdiger Pryss David Knuplesch Johannes Schobel Carolina Chiao Prof Dr Manfred Reichert Zhiyuan Sui
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