SAP R/3 Architecture. VIT

Transcription

1 SAP R/3 Architecture VIT

2 SAP R/3 System Business Modules Logistical Sales & Distribution Financial Accounting Financial Materials Mgmt. Controlling Production Planning Quality Mgmt. Plant Maintenance R/3 Client / Server ABAP/4 Workflow Fixed Assets Mgmt. Project System Human Resources Industry Solutions

3 Basis System: Three-Tier Computer Hierarchy Access to Dataase: (Read / Write data) Central Database (Storage of all data) Input / Output of data to users Database Application Processing of data using application logic Presentation Presentation of the processed data to the user

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5 Typical Client Server Architectures Central System Two - tier Distributed System Two - tier Client/Server Three - tier Client/Server Multi-layer Cooperative Client/Server Presentation Application Database

6 R/3 System Configurations SAP Central Systems 2-Tier Configuration 3-Tier Configuration Web-enabled Presentation Presentation Application Internet Transaction Service/Web Service Database, Application, Presentation Database and Application Database To web-enable the SAP Applications, a Web Server and an ITS (Internet Transaction Server) are needed. The web-service and the services for the ITS can run on one server or on two dedicated servers. The presentation in this configuration is provided by an Internet Browser. The new SAP Web platform is NetWeaver.

7 Basis System: Application Architecture Hardware UNIX systems Bull HP SNI Digital IBM SUN AT&T Data General SNI Bull/Zenith HP Sequent Compaq IBM Digital IBM AS/400 Operating Systems AIX SINIX HP-UX SOLARIS Digital UNIX Windows NT OS/400 Databases ADABAS D, DB2, INFORMIX, ORACLE 7.1 ADABAS D, Oracle 7.1, MS SQL Server 6.0 DB2/400 Dialog SAPGUI Sold to party: C100 Item Material Qty O r d e r Languages Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, OSF/Motif, Presentation Manager, Macintosh ABAP/4, C, C++ Windows 95 OS/2

8 R/3 Communication / Interfaces Remote Function Call Application Link Enabling Electronic Data Interchange Object Linking and Embedding Program Interface Communication Web Interface

9 Client/Server Overview Server LAN/WAN TCP / IP Client

10 Client/Server Overview (Logical Structure) Data Storage Server Application Logic Client Presentation

11 SAP R/3 Resource Management: The Dispatcher Presentation Application Dispatcher SAP GUI Communications Work Process Work Process Work Process Buffers Data base

12 SAP R/3 Resource Management: Data Flow Presentation Terminal Process SAP GUI Application 11 Dispatcher Request queues SAP Memory Buffer Work Process Roll Page Data base Relational data base system

13 SAP R/3 Resource Management: Work Processes Dialog A Update B Message Sold to party: C100 Sold to party: C100 Item Material Qty O r d e r Sold to party: C100 M Item Material Qty O r d e r Sold to party: C100 Item Material Qty O r d e r Item Material Qty O r d e r Background Jobs SAP Dispatcher Enqueue C Spool Gateway R/2 G R/3

14 SAP R/3 Resource Management: R/3 Instance Database Instance Profiles Instance Message SAP (parameters) Server Gateway Dispatcher Dialog.... Update Spool Background Enqueue Start or Stop SAP Buffers Central Instance

15 What does an R/3 Database Contain? R/3 System database Client Client Client Customizing Objects Repository Objects Global Settings R SAP AG

16 What is a Client? A client is an autonomous unit in the R/3 System with regard to commercial law, organization, and data. user records User Master user authorization Client client-dependent customizing data Customizing transaction data master data Application R SAP AG

17 Sample SAP System Landscape Development Testing Production Database Servers Application Servers Presentation Servers

18 Object Migration Corrections and Transport Development QA Testing Production Program A Table A Screen A Program A Table A Screen A Program A Table A Screen A

19 The Client America Client 010 Europe Client 020 Japan Client 030 R/3 Europe R/3 America R/3 Japan

20 SAP System Architecture SAP GUI DIAG Web Browser SAP Web Application Server(SAP Instance) Dispatcher Dispatcher Queue HTTP, HTTPS SMTP, SOAP, XML, M Queue D D B V S E SAP Web AS Java Memory Pipe ICM SAP Buffer (Shared Mem) G Oracle Informix Database Server DB2 MS SQL Server MAX DB

21 Work Process Types D = Dialog B = Background V = Update E = Enqueue S = Spool M = Messaging G = Gateway

22 SAP Installation Concept Install Oracle RDBMS Install Central Instance (SAP Application Server) Install Database Instance Install SAP GUI

23 1.Install Oracle RDBMS

24 Install Oracle RDBMS

25 2.Install Central Instance

26 Install Central Instance

27 3.Install Database Instance

28 Install Database Instance

29 Install Database Instance

30 4.Install SAP GUI

31 Install SAP GUI

32 SAP Web Application Server The SAP Web AS is an open, scalable, and high-availability infrastructure for developing dynamic and company-wide Internet applications It is a server based on the well-known SAP Application Server technology, with the additional enhancement of Web functionality The SAP Web AS is the new technological basis of all mysap Business suite solutions. It is also the core element of the SAP R/3 Enterprise system the successor to the classic SAP R/3

33 SAP Web AS Release SAP Web AS 6.10 ICM SAP Web AS 6.20 ICM, J2EE SAP Web AS 6.30 ICM,J2EE + Eclipse,Web Dynpro SAP Web AS 6.40 ICM,J2EE + Web Dynpro + Integrated ITS SAP Web AS 7.00 Oracle 10g

34 Accessing Data in DATABASE Relational DB Tables Line Unique KEY Standard SQL DML (Read &Change) DDL (Create & Administrate) DCL (Authorization &Consistency Check) Each database has a programming interface that allows you to access the database tables using SQL statements

35 Database Interface R/3 System independent of the database system Each work process on an application server has a database interface The R/3 System communicates with the database by means of this interface The database interface converts all of the database requests from the R/3 System into the correct Standard SQL statements for the database system.

36 Database Interface

37 Db Interface Access Open SQL /Native SQL Open SQL consists of the Data Manipulation Language (DML) It allows you to read (SELECT) and change (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) data. It also allows you to buffer certain tables on the application server, saving excessive database access.

38 Db Interface When buffering the database, you must remember that data in the buffer is not always up to date you should only use the buffer for data which does not often change. You specify whether a table can be buffered in its definition in the ABAP Dictionary.

39 DB Interface Native SQL *allows access to all of the functions contained in the programming interface of the respective database system *Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written.

40 ABAP Dictionary Allows you to create and administer database tables. Normal application programs should not create or change their own database tables. The ABAP Dictionary uses the DDL part of Open SQL to create and change database tables. It also administers the ABAP Dictionary in the database. The ABAP Dictionary contains metadescriptions of all database tables in the R/3 System. Only database tables that you create using the ABAP Dictionary appear in the Dictionary.

41 Memory Management Application- Work Process (ABAP) Process requires Memory -MMS The order in which the work process is assigned the memory type depends on the work process type, either dialog or nondialog The location of the various memory areas in Virtual address Space

42 R/3 OS Level The Operating System manages two type of memory : Local memory allocated precisely to one operating system process Shared memory accessible to multiple operating system process

43 R/3 - MMS ROLL AREA (Initial Memory Assignment) EXTENDED MEMORY (Majority of User Context) PRIVATE MEMORY

44 R/3 ROLL AREA When a dialog is executed,dispatcher performs

45 PROCESS FLOW Pres. server SAP Application Sever DB Server Table buffer SAP GUI Dispatcher Queue SAP Extended Memory Program buffer DDIC Buffer SAP Roll Memory Database buffer dispatcher Work Process Work Process Work Process DB Process DB Process DB Process

46 SAP Roll Memory Local SAP Roll area of work process - The initial part of user context stored - Each SAP work process can only access its own roll area Shared SAP Roll Area - Accessible to all of instance work processes - Buffer to temporary keep user context when a user is assigned to new work process - Roll in : copying user context from shared roll area to local roll area - Roll Out : copying user context from local roll area to shared roll area

47 ROLL AREA Roll buffer (shared memory) Roll area Work Process1 copy Roll file (disk) copy Roll area (local) Work Process2

48 SAP Extended Memory Shared memory which mostly of user context stored All SAP work process can edit stored user context directly Roll in rather only copied the address (pointer) of where a user context located on the SAP extended memory. makes roll process much faster em/initial_size_mb ztta/roll_extension

49 SAP Heap Memory Area which allocated variably as local memory as required. Released after a transaction is complete. SAP Heap Memory main parameters : abap/heap_area_dia : quotas oh SAP heap memory that a dialog process can allocated. abap/heap_area_nondia : quotas oh SAP heap memory that a nondialog process can allocated. abap/heap_area_total abap/heaplimit : size that can be allocated in total by all work process. : Workprocess restart limit of heap memory Heap Memory (local) abap/heap_area_(non)dia abap/heap_area_total

50 Sequence in which memory is allocated (dialog work process) : User- Independent Data User Context Roll memory to zttz/roll_first Roll memory to zttz/roll_extension Roll memory to zttz/roll_area Roll memory to abap/heap_area_dia Copying data during context change Mapping the data during context change - Data stays in work process - No context switch possible - Work process in private mode