FUZZY DATABASE FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION SYSTEM

Transcription

1 FUZZY DATABASE FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION SYSTEM Hadi Zahmatkesh, Iman Khaghanifar, Shervin Salarifard 1,2 Department of Mathematics, Information Systems Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus 1 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus 2 (hadi.zahmatkesh, iman.khaghani)@gmail.com, salarifard_shervin@hotmail.com Abstract. In this paper we have created a sample database from rate of accidents, car availability and petrol fuel usage in 14 European countries. The information collected and stored in a database with crisp values. A fuzzy database management system has been constructed for this purpose. The FDBMS is able to search the database and provide suitable countries based of fuzzy conditions. A computer program has been implemented for this reason to illustrate how the FDBMS and fuzzy queries work for accident rate car availability databases. Keywords: Fuzzy database, Information system. 1.Introduction Information systems can produce useful information for travelers. An example of these information systems is information about driving, accidents statistics and car availability in various countries. In this paper we have collected information about car accidents and car availability in 14 European countries, this information can help travelers in making a decision while they are planning to travel to a country. In order to store this information we used Fuzzy Relational Database Management System (FRDBMS). The relational model was developed by E.F. Codd of IBM and published in According to [4] this model is the most used at present, in fact actually the 90 % of databases are relational. Relational databases are not designed to store imprecise data, also in searching and writing a query, the user must express the conditions with Crisp values. We are going to apply fuzzy database and fuzzy query to representin the information. According to [6] the purpose of introducing fuzzy logic in database is to enhance the classical models such that uncertain and imprecise information can be represented and manipulated. In the following sections first we depict fuzzy databases, fuzzy queries and their implementations. In the second part we have an overview of the information of the car accident and car availability that we have stored in the database, then we present developed software that can be used in writing fuzzy queries to find the countries with fuzzy conditions. 2.Fuzzy Database Databases and database systems are essential component of everyday life in modern society. Most of us encounter several activities that involved some interaction with the database. For example if we make a hotel or airline reservation, we access a database [2]. The most frequent used database is relational database; the relational model introduced by Ted Codd, and attracted immediate attention due to its simplicity and mathematical foundation. According to [3] as is well-known, traditional RDBMS can only handle hard data that are precised and deterministic in nature. Real world applications in variably involve soft data, and as such it is to

2 162 Hadi Zahmatkesh, Iman Khaghanifar, Shervin Salarifard be expected that Fuzzy Database Management System (FDBMS) will give better performance in so far as having input which can tolerate linguistic vagueness and imprecision. The concept of fuzzy sets, introduced by Zadeh [1], involves extending the notion of regular set in order to express class with ill-defined boundaries, for example linguistic values such as tall, young, well-paid are fuzzy data. Fuzzy Database Management System is developed to represent imprecise data. A database which contains incomplete and imprecise data is called fuzzy database [4]. Some researchers [5] identified fuzzy databases to have classes of attributes, fuzzy databases with fuzzy set values and fuzzy databases with fuzzy degrees. Based on [5, 4] there are four possible types of attributes in fuzzy databases: Attribute type Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Table 1: types of attributes in fuzzy database Data type Precised data, Classic, Crisp Imprecise data, both fuzzy and crisp Data of discreet non-ordered dominion with analogy(e.g. tall or pretty tall) Similar to type 3 but without similarity or relationship In this paper our attributes are of type 1. Fuzzy attributes type 1 are represented as usual attributes, because they do not allow fuzzy values. This type is useful for extending traditional databases allowing fuzzy queries to be made about classic data. 3.Sample data and Database: Motor vehicles are the most used one in transportation in the world. Although problems like congestion, delays, parking, pollution and safety, ground transportations are expected to govern the future of transportation. One reason all governments are concerned about accident is its potential negative effect on economies that are already under stress. Data from previous epidemics shows that the economic effect of people canceling plans for travel etc because of fear of an accident and price of petrol or gasoline and fatalities has proved to be much greater than the actual economic effects of the pandemic itself. There are available databases, for instance, the European Injury Database (IDB) is based on a systematic injury surveillance system that collects accident and injury data from selected emergency departments of Member State hospitals, providing a complement to and integrating existing data sources, such as routine causes of death statistics, hospital discharge registers and data sources specific to injury areas, including road accidents. With the available information about accident potential, the system can help travelers to learn about accident rate and car availability in 14 European countries. In this paper we have collected information about car accidents, accidents that lead to wound, accidents cause mortality, the availability of cars and petrol fuel usage in 14 European countries [7]. According to the number of cars in those countries, we calculated the ratio of accidents, injury accidents, dead accidents, and petrol fuel usage and car availability in the countries and then converted them into fuzzy form subjectively. 4.Software We developed a computer application which is able to generate fuzzy queries. The software provides fuzzy conditions that can be used for a fuzzy database with type 1 attributes. This

3 FUZZY DATABASE FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION SYSTEM 163 program converts the fuzzy values to specified intervals. These intervals initiated in the program by default. The program affords opportunities for users to select fuzzy queries from the attributes in order to determine the countries matched with those conditions. The intervals were subjectively determined: Table 2: Fuzzification of intervals Low Medium High Accident (a) 0 < a <= < a <= < a <= 100 Injury accident (b) 0 < b <= < b <= < b <= 100 Dead accident (c) 0 < c <= < c <= < c <=100 Petrol fuel (d) 0 < d <= < d <= < d <= 100 Car availability (e) 0 < e <= < e <= < e <= 100 In the following, two different snapshots presented from the software representing different conditions and the matching countries. Table 3 displays the matched country in figure 1 in the database. The highlighted row is the row that matches the fuzzy conditions selected in figure 1. According to table 1; 5.87 for accident, 0.01 for mortality, 0.06 for wound, 92.7 for petrol usage and 42.9 for car availability are respectively High, Low, Low, High, and medium in fuzzy form. Table 3: travel information database Figure 1 displays the country with high accident rate, low mortality in accidents, low wound in accidents, high usage of petrol and medium car availability. The conditions were selected in fuzzy form. Figure 1: software snapshot Table 4 is another example representing the two matching countries with fuzzy conditions. According to Table 1; 0.5 for accident, 0.01 for mortality, 0.14 for wound, 81.4 for petrol fuel usage and 42.9 for car availability are respectively Low, Low, Low, Medium and medium. In

4 164 Hadi Zahmatkesh, Iman Khaghanifar, Shervin Salarifard addition, 0.14 for accident, 0.01 for mortality, 0.11 for wound, 82 for petrol fuel usage and 46.3 for car availability are respectively low, low, low, medium and medium. Table 4: Travel information database Figure 2 displays the country with low accident rate, low mortality in accidents, low wound in accidents, medium usage of petrol and medium car availability. The conditions were selected in fuzzy form. Figure 2: software snapshot 5.Conclusion A database system with a fuzzy query is presented in this paper. This fuzzy database enables a user to select fuzzy queries as conditions in order to find countries which are matched with specified conditions. A computer program has been developed to take fuzzy conditions and displays the country names matched with those conditions. References [1] Ronald R. Yager, Lotfi A. Zadeh Fuzzy Sets, Neural Networks, and Soft Computing, Expert systems (Computer science), Fuzzy sets, Neural networks (Computer science), 1994, pp [2] Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamnetals of Database Systems, 5 th Edition, 2007, Chapter 1, pp [3] T.C. Ling, Mashkuri Hj. Yaacob, K.K. Phang, Fuzzy Database Framework-Relational Versus Object- Oriented Model, 1997 IASTED International Conference on Intelligent Information Systems (IIS '97) [4] A.H.M. Sajedul Hoque, Md. Sadek Ali, Md. Aktaruzzaman, Sujit Kumer Mondol, Dr. Babul Islam, Performance Comparision of Fuzzy Queries on Fuzzy Database and Classical Database, 5th International

5 FUZZY DATABASE FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION SYSTEM 165 Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, ICECE 2008, December 2008, Dhaka, Bangladesh [5] Jose Galindo, Angelica Urrutia, Mario Piattini, Representation of Fuzzy Knowledge in Relational Database, Proceedings of the Database and Expert Systems Applications, 15th International Workshop, 2004 [6] Z. M. Ma, Li Yan, A Literature Overview of Fuzzy Database Models, Journal of Information Science and Engineering 24, (2008) [7] Information in the database is taken from: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE): Car Accident Statistics: Fatal Car Accident Statistics: Europe State Department Road Safety: